CN107073922A - 提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法 - Google Patents

提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107073922A
CN107073922A CN201580056972.5A CN201580056972A CN107073922A CN 107073922 A CN107073922 A CN 107073922A CN 201580056972 A CN201580056972 A CN 201580056972A CN 107073922 A CN107073922 A CN 107073922A
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China
Prior art keywords
web
roll gap
plasma
lamination roll
layer
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Inventor
A.库普斯
M.库普斯基
K.凯特-泰尔金比舍尔
S.佐尔纳
T.舒伯特
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Tesa SE
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Tesa SE
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
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Abstract

本发明涉及提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法，其中将所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料连续地并且以相同的幅面方向引导至层压辊隙，其中将所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料各自以其第一表面层压在一起，同时且优选地在整个面积上用单一的等离子体处理所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料两者第一表面，即优选地以这样的方式，使得等离子体从所述层压辊隙前方方开始连续地作用在两个第一表面上直至所述层压辊隙，所述层压辊隙由触压元件和反向加压装置形成，该反向加压装置产生反向压力，并且优选地所述触压元件和所述反向加压装置的至少一个圆周表面或两个表面装配有电介质，其特征在于，两个第一表面/幅面状材料中没有一个被引导通过等离子体发生装置的放电区域。

Description

提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表 面之间的粘附力的方法
本发明涉及提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法。
在工业制造的领域中，需要简单的预处理技术以改善接合部分(被粘物，Fügeteil)的粘结性质。
·典型地，使用成本高昂的工艺例如湿化学清洁和被粘物的表面的涂覆
(Primerung)来实现与自粘胶带的高强度的粘结。
·特别地，现今有利的是，将大气压下的简单的物理预处理技术(电晕、
等离子体、火焰)用于被粘物的表面处理，以实现与自粘胶带的更高
的锚固力。
为了改善被粘物表面和压敏胶带的粘附性质，可进行表面的预处理。这些预处理容许和/或增强接合组件(Fügepartner)的分子间力。存在不同的预处理可能性，其包括通过涂布底漆的化学预处理或通过等离子体或电晕处理的物理预处理。
G.Habenicht的著作“Kleben-Grundlagen，Technologien，Anwendungen”2009，Springer出版社，Berlin/Heidelberg中介绍了表面处理。
表面对压敏胶带的接合或接合的强度可通过化学桥强化。这些化学桥的基础由有机硅化合物(硅烷)提供。除了提高强度之外，它们还容许改善的对潮湿环境的老化行为(性能)。为此，在施加压敏胶带之前，先将化学底漆涂布在表面上。尽可能薄的、部分单分子的底漆层在这种情况下是重要的，因为硅烷分子之间的分子间力弱。双官能的粘附促进剂随后与被粘物表面反应(缩聚反应)以及与压敏胶带的胶粘剂分子反应(加聚反应或聚合反应)。
反应机理示意性地示于附图中。
等离子体被称作物质的第四聚集态。其为部分地或完全地离子化的气体。通过输入能量而产生正离子和负离子、电子、其它激发态、自由基、电磁辐射和化学反应产物。该物种中的许多可导致待处理的表面的改变。总结而言，这种处理导致被粘物表面的活化，具体地导致较高的反应性。
这种处理不仅可对被粘物的表面，而且还可对胶粘剂实施。两种处理的组合同样是可能的。该处理还可用于提高第一幅面状材料(例如胶粘剂)的第一表面和第二幅面状材料(例如载体材料)的第一表面之间的粘附力。
广泛使用的电晕处理(也称作电晕放电或介电阻挡放电)表示丝状等离子体并且主要以高压放电的形式伴随与待处理的表面的直接接触进行。放电将环境空气中的气体转变为反应性的形式。在被粘物表面上，由入射电子的碰撞产生了分子分裂。由此产生的自由价容许电晕放电的反应产物的积累。这些积累容许改善被粘物表面的粘附性质，但是也可凭借放电的直接作用造成所述表面的损伤。
若将两个或更多个层彼此层压在一起，则典型地在层压前对一个或两个界面进行物理预处理。
已知借助于等离子体的预处理在界面(边界层)的活化方面具有有限的持久性，使得要尽快地或大多直接地在层压加工前进行处理。
等离子体和更特别地电晕预处理在例如DE 10 2005 027 391 A1和DE103 47 025A1中已有描述或提及。
DE 10 2007 063 021 A1中描述了通过电晕处理来活化胶粘剂。其公开了，胶粘剂的先前的电晕预处理对于粘结的保持力和流动性能是有益的。仅胶粘剂经过处理，基底未经过处理。其中未提及所述方法可导致粘结力(粘结强度，Klebkraft)的提高。
如DE 10 2007 063 021 A1那样，DE 10 2011 075 470 A1中描述了胶粘剂和载体/基底的物理预处理。所述预处理在接合步骤前单独地进行，并且被设计为不同的方式。双面的预处理产生比仅在基底侧进行预处理的情况更高的粘结力和锚固力。
在DE 24 60 432A的情况中，通过引入作为粘附促进剂的塑性聚合物膜将两个幅面接合成层压体。等离子体在两个层压辊之间形成，所述辊接地并且形成同时具有用于粘附促进剂的开口的高电压电极。流动于辊周围的空气应以如下形式受等离子体的影响，使得粘附促进剂不会过早冷却，并且在层压体中没有夹杂空气。将待处理的表面直接引导通过放电区域。
DE 27 54 425 A参照了DE 24 60 432 A。其对相同的构思设计提出了新的布置。在此，根据图1，等离子体在两个层压辊之间形成，其中之一覆盖有电介质。如在DE 24 60432 A中那样，也仅描述了通过热塑性聚合物熔体来层压平坦的膜幅面。这里同样，将待处理的表面直接引导通过放电区域。
DE 198 46 814 A1中描述了不同的布置，其目的在于在层压在一起之前改善幅面的电晕处理。它仅大致提到幅面，并且术语膜仅在与DE 198 02 662A1相关的情况下被提及。其未提及胶粘剂。
这里，根据权利要求2所述的等离子体也是在两个层压辊之间形成的。电介质通过至少一个共同运行的幅面(mitlaufende Band)形成。这里同样，将待处理的表面直接引导通过放电区域。
DE 41 27 723 A1描述了聚合物膜幅面和塑料板的多层层压体的制造，其中直接在接合步骤之前用气溶胶电晕处理至少一个接合侧。根据图1，两个电晕放电分别由与辊3和4相对的电极11和11’产生。凭借喷嘴，辊隙(Walzenzwickel)中的气体空间被气溶胶填充。作为加压流的结果，所引入的气溶胶也进入电晕放电。作为气溶胶考虑单体、分散体、胶体体系、乳液或溶液。将待处理的两个表面各自直接引导通过放电区域。
现有技术的特征在于，预处理主要地涉及载体材料和被粘物，以对胶粘剂或对自粘胶带建立更大的锚固力。胶粘剂和基底的处理是已知的。通常，用分离的等离子体放电装置进行所述处理。在同时处理胶粘剂和基底的情况下，根据现有技术将两者直接引导通过放电区域，其带来表面损坏的风险并且由此降低粘附力。
虽然相对于未经处理的接合组件，通过适合的等离子体/电晕处理显著提高了锚固力，但是在许多不发生内聚破坏的体系中，会发现以现今的电晕和等离子体系统无法克服的限制。
如本发明的上下文中所述，原因在于胶粘剂的特性和其与基底的相互作用。这里的相互作用主要地经由电荷或官能团产生。这些官能团通过等离子体或电晕预处理在表面上产生，并且在其性质方面是各种各样的。其基本上在等离子体或电晕和表面的接触结束之后通过与大气中的氧气反应立即生成。这些基团的控制可通过所使用的加工气体和加工模式部分地并且在窄范围内进行。因此，仅在接合组件之间能产生共价键的情况下，才有可能实现显著的提高。
由此产生的问题是：是否可通过适当的工艺管理来产生这种共价键，而无需事先使自由基在经处理的表面上与气态组分反应。
本发明的目的在于在压敏胶粘剂和载体材料的物理表面改性的过程中寻求指定的积极效果，以实现高强度的粘结。所述目的的核心在于实现压敏胶粘剂的层和载体材料之间的高的锚固力。
该目的通过根据独立权利要求所述的方法来实现。在此，从属权利要求的主题为本发明主题的有利的扩展。
因此，本发明涉及提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法，其中
·将所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料连续地并且以相同的幅面方向引导至层压辊隙(Laminierspalt)，其中将所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料各自以其第一表面层压在一起，
·同时且优选地全面地(在整个面积上)用单一的等离子体处理所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料两者的第一表面，并且更优选地以这样的方式，使得等离子体从层压辊隙前方方开始连续地作用在两个第一表面上直至所述层压辊隙，
·层压辊隙由触压元件(加压元件)和反向加压装置形成，该反向加压装置产生反向压力，
·优选地，触压元件和反向加压装置的至少一个圆周表面(壳表面，)或两个装配有电介质，
其特征在于，
两个第一表面/幅面状材料中没有一个被引导通过等离子体发生装置的放电区域。
根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案，所述触压元件或所述反向加压装置被配置成辊；更优选地，触压元件和反向加压装置同时被配置成辊。
所述触压元件还可被配置成刮刀或触压板。
所述反向加压装置还可为基底。
通过避免等离子体发生装置的放电区域与第一表面之间的接触容许在等离子体的余辉中的温和的处理。在已知的等离子体发生装置中，等离子体在此从来自放电区域的气流被吹出，从而这些还被称作等离子体喷嘴。
相对于其中幅面状材料穿过等离子体发生装置的放电区域的已知方法，对幅面的第二表面进行等离子处理在此是不存在风险的。在放电区域中，即使在极小的气体体积中，在反面上也发生这种反面处理，并且是难以避免的。例如，如果反面被防胶粘性地装配，则该装配物将被损坏。
任选地，从放电区域分离的活化的等离子体(“余辉”)在层压辊隙的方向上例如由气流携带，并且因此由辊和衬垫(底衬Unterlage)打开的层压辊隙被激活的气体填充。因此，可置换大气气体，并且可减少活化的表面(特别是与大气氧气)的不期望的反应。使用单一的等离子体发生装置的优点在此体现出来，因为这种装置更易于被引入层压辊和衬垫之间的辊隙内的狭窄的结构空间中并且相应地被对齐。
因此，两个第一表面的处理优选地以这样的方式进行，使得等离子体从所述层压辊隙前方开始连续地作用在两个第一表面上直至所述层压辊隙，即两个第一表面彼此接触所在的线(Linie)处。
连续地作用在此处意指基底幅面通过等离子体区域的幅面运动保持连续。等离子体本身也可为脉冲的，例如在本领域技术人员已知的约1Hz至最高达10MHz的频率范围内。
所述第一幅面状材料具有胶粘剂层，将所述胶粘剂层以这样的方式布置在所述第一幅面状材料中，使得其形成所述第一幅面状材料的第一表面。
优选的等离子体发生装置的原理基于：使气流(空气、气体、气体混合物)通过放电区域，并且仅将经活化的气流带(施用)至处理位点。这种等离子体喷嘴中的“放电区域”是指其中根据结构等离子体可被足够的电场强度点燃的空间。
等离子体发生装置的制造者提供合适的等离子体喷嘴几何结构，其可处理层合间隙，但根据现有技术原则上仅用于特定的界面(间隙(狭缝)、面、三维的(立体的))。
Plasmatreat公司的合适的喷嘴的实例包括孔式喷嘴、狭缝式喷嘴(Schlitzdüsen)、旋转式喷嘴。这种喷嘴以在喷嘴内部操作(运作)的电弧放电或电晕放电运作。喷嘴出口通常接地，使得这种结构形式相对于基底以无电势的方式运作。这种喷嘴类型通常称作等离子体射流。
在图6中可看到下列喷嘴。
1孔式喷嘴：具有低的处理宽度但集中(密集)处理的点状等离子体流(等离子体流束)
2环状排放式喷嘴：固定的圆形等离子体流
3旋转式喷嘴：具有宽的处理宽度的旋转式点状等离子体流；
(还参见WO 01/43512 A1)
4旋转式喷嘴：具有较小的处理宽度的旋转式点状等离子体流，取决于在旋转喷嘴中同心设置的排放口的排放角度
5狭缝式喷嘴：排放口呈狭缝状，并且可具有不同的幅宽
旋转式喷嘴上的排放角度会影响处理宽度。图7中示出了两种旋转式喷嘴，其对同心设置的孔式喷嘴具有不同的排放角度。因此，喷嘴可适用于特定的层压角度(尖锐的、平的)。
此外，钟摆式喷嘴也是已知且合适的。
对于这种喷嘴类型，喷嘴头通过高频率的钟摆运动来偏转。结果是，在层压间隙前方可实现更高的处理宽度或更长的处理路径。钟摆式喷嘴的实例可在DE 20 2008 013 560U1中找到，并且示于图5中。
已知且合适的另外的喷嘴类型，例如得自Acxys公司的等离子体幕(参见图8)。
在此，其为线状喷嘴或孔式喷嘴的多重布置(等离子体射流)，其通过流的几何形状以等离子体幕的形式被带至处理面。该幕可以湍流或层流来施加，由于表面被集中地预处理并且周围气氛被有效地置换。
Tantec公司的SpotTEC如下所示(参见图9)：
该单元的原理是：通过用压缩空气或其它气体/气体混合物的吹扫在基底方向上引起两个弓形电极(Bügelelektroden)之间的丝状等离子体(电晕)。通过合适的气体流确保预处理深入到预处理辊隙中。这种类型的等离子体喷嘴被称作“吹扫电晕”。相对于基底产生了电势，使得在金属基底的情况下易于发生闪络。
最终，等离子体喷嘴主要适合用于层压辊隙。如果预处理单元布置有多个彼此相邻的单元，则宽的层压间隙的处理是可能的。
Tigres公司为此提供了解决方案，其中对于较大的处理宽度使用两个孔式喷嘴(等离子体射流)(参见图10)，或者Tantec公司(参见图11)，其中使用了平行电晕弓形电极。
优选地，在整个面积上处理第一表面。然而，对于某些应用，部分面积上的处理也可以是有意义的，例如以在幅面方向上的条的形式，其由相应地彼此以一定距离布置的等离子体喷嘴产生。例如，凭借等离子体的脉冲或挡片掩膜(Shuttermasken)，横向于幅面方向的条也是可能的。
第一和第二幅面状材料优选地以相同的幅面方向运行进入层压辊隙。
因为优选地形成等离子体直至层压辊隙，所以第一幅面状材料和第二幅面状材料各自以其第一表面在等离子体中被层压在一起。
根据本发明的另外的优选的实施方案，第一幅面状材料和/或第二幅面状材料的经等离子体处理的表面上的任意点移动经过从等离子体处理开始直至层压辊隙的路径的时间段小于2.0s、优选地小于1.0s、更优选地小于0.5s。根据本发明，小于0.5s、优选地小于0.3s、更优选地小于0.1s的时间也是可行的。
根据本发明的一个变型，将第三幅面状材料如此引导至层压辊隙，使得第二幅面状材料位于所述第一和第三幅面状材料之间。在这种情况下，有利地，在各自的情况下用等离子体喷嘴处理幅面对(Bahnenpaar)。特别有利地，对于用单一的等离子体喷嘴处理的所有四个待处理的表面，可通过将等离子体喷嘴布置在幅面的侧面来实现。除此之外，另外的等离子体喷嘴也可布置在幅面的另一侧上。
第三幅面状材料的幅面方向与第一和第二幅面状材料所显示的幅面方向相同。
在本发明的另外的变型中，除了第一和第二幅面状材料之外，还将多种另外的幅面状材料引导至层压辊隙，其中这样来进行引导，使得各幅面状材料在第一和第二幅面状材料之间进入层压辊隙。如此选择各种另外的幅面状材料，使得在层压辊隙中绝不会将非胶粘性的载体层和第二非胶粘性的载体层彼此直接地层压在一起。
层压辊隙由触压元件(优选地加压辊)和反向加压装置形成，该反向加压装置产生层压所需的反向压力。其优选地为反向压力辊。所述辊优选地在相反的方向上运行，更优选地以相同的圆周速度旋转。
在层压辊隙中，辊的圆周速度和旋转方向与第一和第二幅面状材料的幅面速度和幅面方向相同。任选地，所存在的另外的幅面具有进一步优选的相同的幅面速度和幅面方向。
辊优选地具有相同的直径，所述直径更优选地在50至500mm之间。所述辊的圆周表面优选地是光滑的，并且更特别地是经打磨的。
所述辊的表面粗糙度Ra优选地小于50μm、优选地小于10μm。“Ra”为针对表面光洁度的品质的工业标准的单位，并且表示粗糙度的平均高度，更特别地表示离评估范围内的粗糙度轮廓(曲线)的中心线的平均绝对距离。
触压元件或反向加压装置的圆周表面中的至少一个加衬有(涂覆有，覆盖有)电介质。根据等离子体喷嘴的距离和选择进行选择。对于无电势的等离子体发生装置，也可选择未加衬(未涂覆，未覆盖)的圆周表面，特别是辊；对于并非无电势的装置，加衬有(涂覆有，覆盖有)电介质的圆周表面(辊)是有利的。它们是否实际上是必要的取决于装置相距圆周表面(辊)的距离。
未经电介质覆盖的装置或元件特别是辊的圆周表面可由钢、不锈钢或镀铬钢构成。表面还可镀镍或金。所述表面在等离子体作用下不应表现出任何腐蚀。
此外，可使用油、水、蒸气、电气的或其它热调节介质在-40℃至200℃的优选的范围内冷却或加热一个或两个辊。优选地两个辊均是未加热的。
对于覆盖整个圆周表面(也简称为表面)(即例如在辊的整个圆周上)的电介质的层，优选地选择：陶瓷、玻璃、塑料、橡胶(例如苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁二烯橡胶(BR)、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(NBR)、丁基橡胶(IIR)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶(EPDM)和聚异戊二烯橡胶(IR))或硅酮。
电介质紧紧包围辊，但其也可为可拆卸的，例如以两个半壳的形式。
圆周表面(辊)上的电介质的层的厚度优选地在1至5mm之间。
根据本发明，电介质不是仅以分段的形式(局部地，abschnittsweise)覆盖圆周表面的共同运行的幅面(或仅以分段的形式覆盖例如两个辊的圆周表面的两个共同运行的幅面)。
根据一个优选的变型，形成层压辊隙的辊对中的仅一个辊覆盖有电介质。
根据一个优选的变型，形成层压辊隙的辊对中的两个辊均覆盖有电介质。
等离子处理在接近大气压(+/-0.05巴)或在大气压下进行。
等离子体处理可在不同的气氛中进行，其中所述气氛甚至可包括空气。处理气氛可为不同气体的混合物，其特别地选自N2、O2、H2、CO2、Ar、He、氨、合成气体、O2和H2的气体混合物，其中可另外地混合水蒸气或其它成分。该示例性清单不作任何限制。
根据本发明的一个有利的实施方案，处理气氛由下列纯的或混合的加工气体形成：N2、压缩空气、O2、H2、CO2、Ar、He、氨、乙烯、硅氧烷、丙烯酸和/或溶剂，其中可另外地添加水蒸气或其它挥发性成分。优选的是N2和压缩空气。
大气压等离子体可由加工气体的混合物形成，其中所述混合物优选地包含至少90体积％的氮气和至少一种惰性气体，优选地氩气。
根据本发明的一个优选的实施方案，混合物由氮气和至少一种惰性气体组成，并且更优选地，所述混合物由氮气和氩气组成。
原则上，还可以气体(例如乙烯)或液体(雾化为气溶胶)的形式将涂层或聚合的成分混入气氛中。对合适的气溶胶几乎不存在限制。根据本发明的在余辉中处理的方法尤其合适于气溶胶的使用，因为在此不存在污染电极的风险。
然而，其比例应该不超过5体积％。
为了将丝或由放电分离出的活化等离子体(“余辉”)带至层合间隙，常用的气体流量为10至500l/分钟。
原则上所有上述喷嘴类型都适合用于产生等离子体并且作用在幅面状材料上，只要同时地处理两个第一表面。
等离子体处理的一个可行的变型是使用固定的等离子体射流(feststehendePlasmastrahl)。
同样可行的等离子体处理使用更多个喷嘴的布置，如果需要的话，将其偏置以在充分的宽度下用于无缝的、部分重叠的处理。
原则上，可使用旋转或不旋转的喷嘴。
线状喷嘴是特别合适的，其有利地沿着层压辊隙的整个长度延伸。
更优选地，它们在层压辊隙的整个长度上具有恒定的相对于层压辊隙的距离。
根据本发明的另一个有利的实施方案，等离子体发生装置至层压辊隙的距离为1至100mm、优选地3至50mm、更优选地4至20mm。
更优选地，等离子体发生器可垂直于平面(所述平面又垂直于由辊轴限定的平面)在高度上(垂直地)移动，优选地同时在高度上(垂直地)和在相对于层压辊隙的距离上移动。
更优选地，将幅面引导进层压辊隙的速度为0.5至200m/分钟、优选地1至50m/分钟、更优选地2至20m/分钟，在各自的情况下包括所给范围的边界值。
根据本发明的一个有利的实施方案，第一、第二、第三或其它幅面的幅面速度是相同的。
第一幅面状材料具有胶粘剂层，以这样的方式将所述胶粘剂层布置在所述第一幅面状材料中，使得其形成第一幅面状材料的第一表面。
第一幅面状材料可为双面胶带，其由第一胶粘剂层、载体材料、和第二胶粘剂层组成，其任选地还用所谓的衬垫来覆盖(加衬)以进行保护。
衬垫(剥离纸、剥离膜)不是胶带或标签的组件，而仅是用于其制造、存储或通过冲压以进行进一步加工的辅助手段。此外，不同于胶带载体，衬垫不与胶粘剂层固定地(牢固地)连接。
所述第一幅面状材料优选地为“转移胶带”，即没有载体的胶带。单层的、双面的自胶粘带(所谓的转移带)被如此构造，使得形成单一的层的压敏胶粘剂层不含载体，并且仅用相应的剥离材料例如硅烷化的剥离纸或剥离膜覆盖。
特别优选地，所述第一幅面状材料具有压敏胶粘剂、或由压敏胶粘剂所组成，即如下胶粘剂，其容许在相对弱的施压力力下就已能够与几乎所有的基底持久地粘接，并且在使用后可基本上无残留地从基底再次分离。在室温下，压敏胶粘剂是永久粘性的，因此具有足够低的粘度和高的接触粘性，使得其在低的施加压力下就已能润湿相应的粘结基底的表面。胶粘剂的可粘结性基于其粘附性质，以及可再次分离的性质基于其内聚性质。
压敏胶粘剂层优选地基于天然橡胶、合成橡胶、或聚氨酯，其中压敏胶粘剂层优选地由纯的丙烯酸酯或主要由丙烯酸酯组成。
为了改善胶粘剂性质，压敏胶粘剂可与增粘剂共混。
作为增粘剂(还称作增粘树脂)，原则上所有已知的化合物种类都合适。增粘剂为例如烃树脂(例如基于不饱和的C5或C9单体的聚合物)，萜烯-酚醛树脂，基于原料例如α-或β-蒎烯的聚萜烯树脂，芳族树脂例如苯并呋喃-茚树脂、或基于苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的树脂例如松香及其衍生物(例如歧化的、二聚化的或酯化的松香，例如与乙二醇、丙三醇或新戊四醇的反应产物)，仅举而言。优选的是，不具有可易于氧化的双键的树脂例如萜烯-酚醛树脂，芳族树脂，并且更优选地通过氢化制造的树脂例如氢化的芳族树脂、氢化的聚环戊二烯树脂、氢化的松香衍生物或氢化的聚萜烯树脂。
优选的树脂是基于萜烯-酚醛和松香酯的那些。同样优选的是具有大于80℃的软化点(根据ASTM E28-99(2009))的增粘树脂。特别优选的树脂为基于萜烯-酚醛和松香酯的、具有大于90℃的软化点(根据ASTM E28-99(2009))的那些。典型的使用量为10至100重量份，基于胶粘剂的聚合物。
为了进一步改善线缆相容性胶粘剂配制物可任选地与光稳定剂或主和/或辅老化抑制剂共混。
为了改善加工性质，胶粘剂配制物可进一步与常见的加工助剂例如消泡剂、除气剂、润湿剂或流平剂共混。合适的浓度在0.1至最高达5重量份的范围内，基于固体。
幅面状材料在宽度和高度方面在其尺寸上受到限制，并且在它们的长度上是未经定义的。长度是宽度和高度的倍数，通常是两者的运动范围(尺寸)的至少10倍。还包括了高厚度或三维几何形状的幅面，例如挤出的型材。
更优选地，第二幅面状材料为载体材料。
当前优选地使用聚合物膜或膜复合材料作为载体材料。这种膜/膜复合材料可由所有常见的用于膜制造的塑料组成，举例而言，但不限于，可提及以下：
聚乙烯、聚丙烯(尤其是通过单轴或双轴拉伸而产生的定向聚丙烯(OPP))、环状烯烃共聚物(COC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酯(尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN))、乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚醚砜(PES)或聚酰亚胺(PI)。
如果第一幅面状材料中存在载体材料，则这些材料还优选地用作第一幅面状材料中的载体层。
在本发明意义上的载体材料特别地包括所有片状(面状)结构，实例为在二维上延伸的膜或膜部段、具有延伸的长度和有限的宽度的带。
根据本发明的另一个优选的变型，第二幅面状材料是粘弹性的。
粘弹性的聚合物层可被视为粘度非常高的液体，其在压力负荷下显示出流动(还称作“蠕变”)性能。这种粘弹性的聚合物或这种聚合物层在一定程度内具有在缓慢的力的作用下松弛(弛豫，relaxieren)作用于其上的力的能力。它们能够将力消解成振动和/或变形(其特别地还可(至少部分地)为可逆的)，并且因此“缓冲”所作用的力，并且优选地避免由所作用的力导致的机械破坏，但有利地至少减少这种破坏或至少延缓破坏发生的时间点。在非常快的作用力的情况下，粘弹性聚合物通常显示出弹性性能，即完全可逆的变形的性能，其中超过聚合物的弹性容量的力可造成断裂。与此相对的是弹性材料，其即使在缓慢的力的作用下也显示出所述的弹性性能。通过掺混物、填料、发泡剂等，这种粘弹性的物料还可在其性质上发生极大的改变。
由于粘弹性聚合物层的弹性成分(其反而对具有这种粘弹性载体层的胶带的胶粘技术上的性质做出显著贡献)，张力例如拉伸应力或剪切应力不能被完全松弛。这通过弛豫率来表示，其定义为：((应力(t＝0)-应力(t)/应力(t＝0))*100％。粘弹性载体层典型地显示出大于50％的松弛率。
特别优选地，膨胀的微球用于发泡。
微球为具有热塑性聚合物壳的弹性的空心球。这些球填充有低沸点的液体或液化气。特别地，所使用的壳材料为聚丙烯腈、PVDC、PVC或聚丙烯酸酯。特别地，合适的低沸点的液体为低级烷烃的烃，例如异丁烷或异戊烷，其以液化气的形式在压力下被封入聚合物壳中。
第二幅面状材料还可为胶粘剂或包括胶粘剂。
更优选地，第三幅面状材料包括胶粘剂层或由胶粘剂层所组成，并且更优选地，胶粘剂为压敏胶粘剂。
作为(压敏)胶粘剂，可使用所有如以上所提及的胶粘剂。
根据本发明的一个特别有利的实施方案，将三层产物层压在一起。在胶粘性的或非胶粘性的基于丙烯酸酯的泡沫体载体(第二幅面状材料)的两侧上层压压敏胶粘剂(第一和第三幅面状材料)。
根据本发明不排除参与所述方法的部分或整个表面已经经受第一物理预处理(任选地也为等离子体处理)。
最后，本发明不排除如下情况：在第一幅面状材料的第二表面和/或第二幅面状材料的第二表面和/或第三幅面状材料的第二表面以及两个辊的圆柱表面之间引导一个另外的或两个另外的幅面，其任选地是可重复使用的。这些另外的幅面用于减少对第一和/或第二和/或第三幅面状材料的损伤。
任选地，从放电区域分离的活化的等离子体(“余辉”)在层压辊隙的方向上例如由气流携带，并且因此由辊和衬垫打开的层压辊隙被激发的气体填充。因此，可置换大气气体并且可减少活化的表面(特别地与大气氧气)的不期望的反应。层压辊隙将填充有激发的气体的区域密封起来，使得层压在余辉气氛中进行。因此，存在没有事先预期到的对粘结强度的显著提升，其即使通过单独的预处理也是无法实现的。
所述方法能够通过宽范围的压敏胶粘剂和载体材料实现层之间的粘结强度的提升。
所述方法是稳健的，并且不依赖于对各胶粘剂的最优化的处理和/或对各载体材料的最优化的处理。
由所教导的方法产生的效果是协同的，即大于载体材料或胶粘剂的处理的单独效果(个体效果)的总和。
通过本发明，可在胶带中结合以下期望的性质：
·高的剥离强度
·高的初始粘附力
·高的耐剪切力
·高的耐温性
·对具有低表面能(LSE)的载体材料的适用性
在本发明的一个变型中，第二幅面状材料通常为基底，例如以第一幅面状材料层压至其上的基底的形式。
层压辊隙由触压元件和基底形成，其产生反向压力。
在层压辊隙中，将第一幅面状材料层压至基底。
同时且优选地在整个面积上用等离子体处理第一幅面状材料的第一表面和基底的表面，且优选地以这样的方式，使得等离子体从所述层压辊隙前方开始连续地作用在两个表面上直至进入层压辊隙。
触压元件的圆周表面装配有电介质，或基底由电介质材料制成或覆盖有电介质。
第一表面/第一幅面状材料或基底均没有被引导通过等离子体发生装置的放电区域。
多个附图示出了本发明的方法的有利的变型，但不希望以此造成任何限制。
图1中示出了没有根据本发明的方法，其中不存在喷嘴。如下的层压辊隙被示出，其由加压辊11和反向加压辊12形成，所述辊产生层压所需的反向压力。相同大小的辊11和12以相反的方向但是以相同的圆周速度运转。
在加压辊11上存在电介质111的层。
由于在辊11、12间的电压32，等离子体31在层压辊隙中形成。
将第一幅面状材料21和第二幅面状材料22连续地并且以相同的幅面方向引导至层压辊隙。在该层压辊隙中，将第一幅面状材料21和第二幅面状材料22各自以其第一表面层压在一起以形成层压体23。
第一幅面状材料21为胶粘剂的层，第二幅面状材料22为载体。
在等离子体区域中用等离子体31/用等离子体发生装置同时处理第一幅面状材料21和第二幅面状材料22的两个第一表面，并且以这样的方式，使得等离子体31从层压辊隙前方开始连续地作用在两个第一表面上直至到达层压辊隙处。两个第一表面均没有根据本发明在放电区域内被处理，并且因此位于辊之间的电场内，该场的强度足以在大气压力下点燃等离子体。这种直接的等离子体影响可导致幅面的损伤，例如由于电场内的击穿。还可能是在幅面和辊之间夹杂气体的情况下的第二表面的不期望的处理。
图2示出了根据本发明的方法，其中在各情况下仅显示辊11、12的四分之一。两个辊的表面分别装配有电介质111、121。
由于在喷嘴内点燃等离子体的电压32，由本发明提供的等离子体喷嘴33产生等离子体31。等离子体从喷嘴由气流34驱动并被输送至辊隙区域中。两个第一表面/幅面状材料均没有被引导通过位于喷嘴内或在喷嘴尖端处的等离子体发生装置的放电区域。
图3中示出了层压辊隙，其由加压辊11和基底12组成，所述加压辊用于产生层压所需的压力。在加压辊11上存在电介质111的层。
由于在等离子体喷嘴33内的电压32，等离子体31在喷嘴中形成，其从喷嘴由气流34驱动并被输送至辊隙区域中。两个第一表面均没有被引导通过等离子体发生装置的放电区域。
在层压辊隙中，将由胶粘剂的层组成的幅面状材料21层压在基底12上。
用等离子体31在整个面积上处理(幅面状材料21和基底12的)两个第一表面，并且以这样的方式，使得等离子体31从喷嘴处开始连续地作用在表面上直至到达层压辊隙处。
加压辊11与等离子体喷嘴33一起以连续的(持续的)速度在箭头所指的方向上沿着基底表面移动。相反地，基底的移动也是可能的。
图4与图3的不同之处在于，使用具有半圆柱形的层压面的触压板11形式的触压元件来取代加压辊11。

Claims (21)

1.提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法，其中
将所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料连续地并且以相同的幅面方向引导至层压辊隙，其中将所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料各自以其第一表面层压在一起，
同时且优选地在整个面积上用单一的等离子体处理所述第一幅面状材料和所述第二幅面状材料两者的第一表面，而且优选地以这样的方式，使得等离子体从所述层压辊隙前方开始连续地作用在两个第一表面上直至所述层压辊隙，
所述层压辊隙由触压元件和反向加压装置形成，该反向加压装置产生反向压力，
优选地所述触压元件和所述反向加压装置的至少一个圆周表面或两个圆周表面装配有电介质，
其特征在于，
两个第一表面/幅面状材料中没有一个被引导通过等离子体发生装置的放电区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第一幅面状材料和/或所述第二幅面状材料的用等离子体处理的表面上的任意点移动经过从等离子体处理开始直至所述层压辊隙的路径的时间段小于2.0s、优选地小于1.0s、更优选地小于0.5s。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，
其特征在于，
将第三幅面状材料以这样的方式引导至所述层压辊隙，使得所述第二幅面状材料位于所述第一幅面状材料和所述第三幅面状材料之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
除了所述第一和第二幅面状材料之外，还将多种另外的幅面状材料引导至所述层压辊隙，其中以这样的方式进行引导，使得各幅面状材料在所述第一和第二幅面状材料之间进入所述层压辊隙，并且以这样的方式选择各另外的幅面状材料，使得在所述层压辊隙中绝不会将非胶粘性的载体层和第二非胶粘性的载体层彼此直接地层压。
5.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述触压元件或所述反向加压装置被配置成辊，优选地，触压元件和反向加压装置同时被配置成辊。
6.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述触压元件被配置成刮刀或触压板。
7.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述反向压力装置为基底。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述辊具有在50至500mm之间的直径。
9.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
对于所述电介质，选择塑料、橡胶或硅酮的层。
10.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
辊上的电介质的层的厚度在1至5mm之间。
11.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
等离子体在一个或多个喷嘴和辊之间产生，优选地在用压缩空气或N2操作时产生。
12.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
等离子体通过具有气体排放口的线状电极产生，优选地沿着所述层压辊隙的整个长度延伸的线状电极，并且进一步优选地在所述层压辊隙的整个长度上具有恒定的相对于该层压辊隙的距离的线状电极。
13.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
等离子体发生装置至所述层压辊隙的距离为1至100mm、优选地3至50mm、更优选地在4至20mm。
14.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述等离子体发生器能垂直于平面在高度上移动，所述平面又垂直于由辊轴限定的平面，优选地同时在高度上和在相对于层压辊隙的距离上移动。
15.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
将幅面引导进所述层压辊隙的速度在0.5至200m/分钟之间、优选地在1至50m/分钟之间、更优选地在2至20m/分钟之间。
16.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第二幅面状材料为载体材料。
17.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第三幅面状材料具有胶粘剂层，所述胶粘剂层以这样的方式布置在所述第三幅面状材料中，使得其形成所述第三幅面状材料的外表面并且与所述第二幅面状材料层压在一起。
18.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述第一幅面状材料为基于天然橡胶、合成橡胶或聚氨酯的压敏胶粘剂层，其中所述压敏胶粘剂层优选地由纯的丙烯酸酯组成或主要由丙烯酸酯组成(具有热交联剂体系和/或热熔体和/或UV交联的和/或UV聚合的)。
19.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述压敏胶粘剂层形成无载体的、单层的、双面胶带。
20.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
将所述压敏胶粘剂层施加在载体上，优选地施加在膜、泡沫体、非织造物和/或织造物上，尤其有利地施加在粘弹性载体上。
21.根据前述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述压敏胶粘剂层或由其形成的胶带的厚度为≥20μm、优选地≥100μm、非常优选地≥300μm和/或最大值≤2500、优选地≤1500μm、更优选地≤1000μm。
CN201580056972.5A 2014-09-05 2015-09-07 提高第一幅面状材料的第一表面和第二幅面状材料的第一表面之间的粘附力的方法 Pending CN107073922A (zh)

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PCT/EP2015/070353 WO2016034738A1 (de) 2014-09-05 2015-09-07 Verfahren zur erhöhung der adhäsion zwischen der ersten oberfläche eines ersten bahnförmigen materials und einer ersten oberfläche eines zweiten bahnförmigen materials

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