CN107056305A - 防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆 - Google Patents

防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆 Download PDF

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CN107056305A
CN107056305A CN201710308217.2A CN201710308217A CN107056305A CN 107056305 A CN107056305 A CN 107056305A CN 201710308217 A CN201710308217 A CN 201710308217A CN 107056305 A CN107056305 A CN 107056305A
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inner bag
parts
ceramic liner
electric cooker
internal layer
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孙继旋
张科研
张庆峰
钟恒成
王宁
甘冠蓝
刘浩宇
肖宝
黄叔界
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Qinzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，其特征在于：所述内胆内层由以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO2 10～15份、B2O3 10～20份、纳米TiO2 1～1.5份、MnO2 3～5份。本发明的陶瓷内胆内层具有优越的热传导性能，且其线膨胀系数与金属内胆的线膨胀系数接近，匹配度好，不容易出现开裂。

Description

防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料领域，具体涉及一种防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆。
背景技术
内胆是电饭煲最重要的组成部分，对选购电饭煲起着决定性作用。内胆材质有铝合金、不锈钢、陶瓷。铝合金内胆很薄，外部涂覆不粘锅涂层，随着使用时间的延长，经常出现涂层脱落的现象，而铝本身对人体有伤害，因此不建议使用铝合金内胆。不锈钢内胆价格稍贵，但不会出现涂层脱落的问题，不过清洗不方便。陶瓷内胆则是采用纯天然无机物，避免了涂层和金属内胆在加热过程中对食物的二次污染。陶瓷内胆是应用于电饭煲的新技术，陶晶技术攻克了以往陶瓷表面处理技术中熔点、两种材料结合难、材料不嵌合等技术难关。在电饭煲内胆表面成功涂覆一层陶瓷材料陶瓷内胆经过一千四五百度的高温烧炼，具有稳定的保温性能。然而陶瓷内胆也存在一些劣势，加热慢，导热率低，线膨胀系数与电饭煲内胆其他部件不匹配，容易发生开裂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆。
本发明提供的技术方案是一种防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，所述内胆内层由以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO210～15份、B2O3 10～20份、纳米TiO2 1～1.5份、MnO2 3～5份。
氮化铝烧结温度高达2000℃，难以烧结致密，晶体中存在大量气孔，导致热导率较低，仅为66.74W/m·K。为了降低烧结温度，提高晶体致密度，必须向其中加入助溶剂，氧化钇和氧化镧是常用的助溶剂，Y2O3、La2O3与氮化铝粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成AlYO3、Al2Y4O9和Al5Y3O12等钇铝酸盐相和镧铝酸盐，能够在较低温条件下形成液相，润湿氮化铝晶粒，从而有效促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结。另一方面助溶剂与氮化铝晶格中的氧杂质发生反应生成第二相，使氧杂质由晶粒内部向晶界迁移，使晶格净化，从而提高热导率。
SiO2与氮化铝结构相似，能够形成陶瓷的骨架。Si-O键键力强，骨架完整，热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀性能好。
B2O3具有较小的表面张力和低的弹性模数，可以减少氮化铝晶体表面张力，促进氮化铝晶体长大。B2O3和SiO2四面体相互连接，形成了类似于SiO2的网络结构，增大了结构基团的空间交叉密度，减少了网络结构间隙，从而也可以起到提高热膨胀系数的目的。
氮化铝在烧结初期，质点扩散能力弱，形成的晶核难以长大，纳米TiO2在烧结后期分解的Ti4+和O2-通过扩散迁移到氮化铝晶核表面，颗粒边界的表面能很大，在这种驱动力作用下，小粒子会逐渐扩散、熔合形成大的粒子，从而降低了表面能，小晶粒和大晶粒界面间存在过剩表面能，成为烧结驱动力，推动小晶粒内部质点能越过晶界向大晶粒内部扩散，引起晶界移动，使大晶粒进一步长大，并伴随着小晶粒的兼并和消失，而且也降低了氮化铝的烧结温度。
纳米TiO2分解的Ti4+和O2-的粒子迁移可带动其他助剂与氮化铝晶体表面的氧化铝粉体反应生成的第二相迁移至氮化铝晶界三角处时，减少氮化铝热传导散射，从而提高热传导率。
纳米TiO2的添加量仅为1～1.5份，过多会导致Ti4+和O2-覆盖氮化铝晶粒，阻止晶粒长大；过少会造成表面驱动力不足，影响氮化铝颗粒长大，而且生成的第二相也将无法扩散到晶界三角处，而是停留在晶界处，导致陶瓷内胆热传导率大大降低。
MnO2的Mn填充于SiO2网络中，提高了陶瓷网络结构的致密性，使陶瓷结构空间交叉密度提高，减少了网络结构间隙，因此可以提高热膨胀系数。
上述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500～1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在700～800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。
上述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。
上述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35～40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
上述的防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆内层的制备方法为称取配方量的各原料经经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400～1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆内层。
本发明的电饭煲内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层和内胆内层，其中内胆内层由上述复合陶瓷材料制得。内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层。金属层和普通陶瓷层为现有技术中所应用于内胆制造的材料，这对于本领域技术人员是容易得到的，其制备方法也是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明的陶瓷的烧制温度可降低至1400～1500℃，烧结致密，气孔少，使得陶瓷晶格在振动过程中不容易遇到气孔，振动不会瞬间减弱，避免产生湮没效应，确保平均自由程基本不变，从而保证其热传导性能。
2)本发明的陶瓷烧结达到致密时，氮化铝晶粒较大，其晶界相应较小，在晶格振动过程中，晶界会对振动产生极小的散射，从而增加热传导性能。
3)本发明添加的其他助剂与氮化铝分体表面的氧化铝粉体反应生成的第二相位于氮化铝晶界三角处时，其与氮化铝晶格振动的相干减弱效应显著降低，其热传导性能大幅提高。
4)本发明的复合陶瓷材料制成的内胆内层与现有技术中的金属层以及普通陶瓷层具有很好的相容性，线膨胀系数与金属层以及普通陶瓷层相匹配。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但不作为对本发明的限定。
以下百分数为重量百分数。
实施例1
防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，所述内胆内层由以下以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝50份、Y2O3 1份、La2O3 2份、SiO2 10份、B2O3 10份、纳米TiO2 1份、MnO2 3份。
所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在7000℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
所述内胆内层的制备方法为称取配方量的各原料经经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆内层。
实施例2
防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，所述内胆内层由以下以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝70份、Y2O3 2份、La2O3 3份、SiO2 15份、B2O3 20份、纳米TiO2 1.5份、MnO2 5份。
所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
所述内胆内层的制备方法为称取配方量的各原料经经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆内层。
实施例3
防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，所述内胆内层由以下以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝60份、Y2O3 1.5份、La2O3 2.5份、SiO2 13份、B2O3 15份、纳米TiO2 1.2份、MnO2 4份。
所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1600℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在750℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为38nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
所述内胆内层的制备方法为称取配方量的各原料经经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1450℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆内层。
实施例4
防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，所述内胆内层由以下以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝50份、Y2O3 2份、La2O3 2份、SiO2 15份、B2O3 10份、纳米TiO2 1.5份、MnO2 3份。
所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在700℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
所述内胆内层的制备方法为称取配方量的各原料经经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆内层。
将实施例1～4的陶瓷内胆内层进行以下测试：
组别 导热率W/(m·k) 线膨胀系数25-200℃(℃-1)
实施例1 320.4 10.8×10-6
实施例2 328.9 10.1×10-6
实施例3 319.5 10.6×10-6
实施例4 322.3 11.3×10-6
由上表可知，本申请制得的陶瓷内胆内层具有良好的热扩散效率，热传导效率，线膨胀系数与金属层以及普通陶瓷层相匹配，不易开裂。

Claims (5)

1.防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，该内胆包括内胆外层、内胆中层、内胆内层，所述内胆中层为金属层，内胆外层为普通陶瓷层，其特征在于：所述内胆内层由以下重量份的原料制成：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO2 10～15份、B2O3 10～20份、纳米TiO2 1～1.5份、MnO2 3～5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，其特征在于：所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500～1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在700～800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，其特征在于：所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，其特征在于：所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35～40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
5.根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的防开裂电饭煲陶瓷内胆，其特征在于：所述内胆内层的制备方法为称取配方量的各原料经经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400～1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆内层。
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CN105084905A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2015-11-25 广东伊莱特电器有限公司 一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备的电饭煲内胆
CN105384441A (zh) * 2015-10-27 2016-03-09 合肥龙多电子科技有限公司 一种纳米二氧化钛增韧的高致密度氮化铝-碳化硅复合电路板基板材料及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN105084905A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2015-11-25 广东伊莱特电器有限公司 一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备的电饭煲内胆
CN105384441A (zh) * 2015-10-27 2016-03-09 合肥龙多电子科技有限公司 一种纳米二氧化钛增韧的高致密度氮化铝-碳化硅复合电路板基板材料及其制备方法

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