CN107056290B - 一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法 - Google Patents

一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法 Download PDF

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CN107056290B
CN107056290B CN201610965050.2A CN201610965050A CN107056290B CN 107056290 B CN107056290 B CN 107056290B CN 201610965050 A CN201610965050 A CN 201610965050A CN 107056290 B CN107056290 B CN 107056290B
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霍仁杰
李飞
魏晓勇
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法,属于电子陶瓷材料技术领域。针对对象为无铅(1‑x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‑x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3(BZT‑xBCT,x=0.3‑0.6),针对此配方组分添加0.25at.%到2at.%的高纯MnO2。本发明采用传统的固相合成制备方法,得到了一种致密度高的无铅铁电陶瓷。本发明的成分及工艺步骤简单、易于操作、重复性好;主要应用于制动器、换能器和微位移器件等领域。

Description

一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法
技术领域
本发明属于电子陶瓷材料技术领域,具体涉及一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法。
背景技术
铁电陶瓷材料在不同的温度区间具有不同的对称性。从低温低非对称性相往高温中心对称性相的转变温度称之为居里温度。在居里温度以上,因为中心对称,材料没有压电性与铁电性。同样,在该温度以上电场诱导的极化与应变都具有非滞回性,这点对于应用而言十分重要。因为滞回性会导致器件设计的复杂性,同时也会导致该材料内部的能量损耗,甚至在某些程度上导致材料性能的实效。从应用的角度而言,非滞回性的是材料性能设计的一个重要因素。而传统的铁电陶瓷因为要利用其压电性,其居里温度都是高于室温的。这样才能保证我们在室温下获得的材料具有压电性。但是对于制备非滞回电致应变的铁电陶瓷而言,我们需要一种有效的手段控制其居里温度往室温移动。
就目前使用广泛的无铅铁电陶瓷而言,(1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3(BZT-xBCT,x=0.3-0.6),针对其居里温度的调控往往是制备该体系与非铁电陶瓷的固溶体。该方法因其成分复杂,对工艺要求较高,无疑增加了对其居里温度控制的难度。如何有效的控制居里温度称为亟待解决的热点问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法,该方法操作简单,重复性好,能够有效降低居里温度,从而降低铁电陶瓷中极化与应变的滞回性;经该方法制得的无铅铁电陶瓷具有优良的电致应变与极化响应特性,滞回性明显降低。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
本发明公开了一种高致密度无铅铁电陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)称料:按化学式Ba(1-0.3x)Ca0.3x[Zr(0.2-0.2x)Ti(0.8+0.2x)]1-yMnyO3中各元素的配比,取原料BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2及MnO2,其中,x=0.3~0.6,y=0.0025~0.02;
2)球磨:将原料混合后放入球磨罐中,加入球磨溶剂异丙醇和氧化锆球,充分球磨、烘干、研磨、过60目筛;
3)预烧:将步骤2)中研磨、过筛后的粉料于1250℃进行预烧,保温4小时,自然冷却到室温;
4)二次球磨:将步骤3)预烧得到的粉料研磨、过60目筛,装入球磨罐,加入球磨溶剂异丙醇和氧化锆球,二次球磨后、烘干;
5)造粒:将步骤4)烘干的粉料研磨、过筛,加入质量分数为5%~10%的聚乙烯醇,混合均匀,过筛取60~100目之间的粉料;
6)成型:将步骤5)造粒后的粉料静置24小时,再将粉料放入模具中,在80MPa压力下,压成圆柱状坯件;
7)排胶:将步骤6)制得的圆柱状坯体放入马弗炉中,温度由室温升至600℃,保温2小时,进行有机物排除;
8)烧结:将步骤7)中排胶后的坯体放入坩埚中,加盖,用同类粉料做埋料埋烧,在1450℃中烧结,保温4小时,随炉自然冷却至室温,制得陶瓷片;
9)烧电极:将步骤8)烧好的陶瓷片打磨至厚度为0.6mm,自然晾干,在其上下表面涂覆银浆,置于炉中由室温升温至600℃,保温20min,自然冷却至室温,制得致密度无铅铁电陶瓷。
步骤2)中球磨转速和步骤4)中二次球磨转速均为250转/分。
步骤2)中烘干和步骤4)中烘干均是在80℃下进行。
步骤6)是将粉料放入直径为12mm的不锈钢模具中进行压制成型。
步骤7)和步骤9)中的升温速率均为3℃/min。
原料BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2及MnO2为纯度大于99.99%的高纯原料。
本发明还公开了采用上所述方法制得的高致密度无铅铁电陶瓷,该无铅铁电陶瓷的居里温度由365k降低至278k~296k。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明公开的控制无铅铁电陶瓷的居里温度的方法,采用高纯原料(纯度>99.99%)以固相合成方法,以BZT-xBCT为基体,在此基础上添加MnO2制备出一种居里温度在室温附近的无铅铁电陶瓷,本发明成分及工艺步骤简单、易于操作、重复性好、成品率高。通过该方法可以有效的控制无铅铁电陶瓷的居里温度,使无铅铁电陶瓷的居里温度从未掺杂的365K通过掺杂MnO2降低到室温附近(278K-296K),而掺杂含量控制在2at.%以内。
经本发明方法制得的无铅铁电陶瓷致密度高,具有优良的电致应变与极化响应特性,滞回性明显降低。能够应用于制动器、换能器和微位移器件等领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的MnO2掺杂的BZT-xBCT体系样品的介电常数随温度变化关系图;
图2为本发明实施例1的MnO2掺杂的BZT-xBCT体系样品的居里温度随掺杂含量变化的关系图;
图3为本发明实施例1的MnO2掺杂的BZT-xBCT体系样品的极化与应变随电场的变化关系结果图;其中,(a)未掺杂MnO2样品;(b)0.25at.%MnO2掺杂样品;(c)0.5at.%MnO2掺杂样品;(d)1at.%MnO2掺杂样品;(e)2at.%MnO2掺杂样品。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例1
一种高致密度无铅铁电陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称料
按化学式Ba(1-0.3x)Ca0.3x[Zr(0.2-0.2x)Ti(0.8+0.2x)]1-yMnyO3中各元素的配比称取原料BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2及MnO2,其中x=0.5,y=0.0025~0.02;所用原料皆为高纯原料,纯度大于99.99%;
(2)球磨
将称取的原料混合后放入球磨罐中,加入球磨溶剂异丙醇和氧化锆球,球磨6小时,球磨转速为250转/分,再将混合料放入烘箱内80℃烘干,在放入研钵内研磨,过60目筛;
(3)预烧
将步骤(2)中研磨、过筛后的粉料放入坩埚内,加盖,密封:在马弗炉中于1250℃进行预烧,保温4小时,自然冷却到室温,出炉;
(4)二次球磨
在步骤(3)中预烧的粉料在研钵中研磨过60目筛,装入球磨罐,加入球磨介质异丙醇,再次二次球磨,转速为250转/分,将粉料放入烘箱80℃烘干;
(5)造粒
将步骤(4)烘干的粉料在研钵中研细,过筛,加入质量百分比为5%~10%的聚乙烯醇,混合均匀,过筛取60~100目之间的粉料;
(6)成型
将步骤(5)中造粒后的粉料静置24小时,再将粉料放入直径为12mm的不锈钢模具中,在80MPa压力下压成圆柱状坯件;
(7)排胶
步骤(6)中的坯体放入马弗炉中,温度升至600℃,保温2小时,进行有机物排除;
(8)烧结
将步骤(7)中排胶后的坯体放入坩埚中,加盖,用同类粉料做埋料埋烧,在1450℃中烧结,保温4小时,随炉自然冷却至室温;
(9)烧电极
将步骤(8)中烧好的陶瓷片打磨至厚度为0.6mm,自然晾干,在其上下表面涂覆银浆,置于炉中由室温升温至600℃,升温速度为3℃/min,保温20min,自然冷却至室温;
(10)测试制品中的介电性能和电滞回线。
测试结果参见图1,为不同浓度MnO2掺杂的BZT-xBCT体系样品的介电常数随温度变化关系图,介电常数最大值对应温度为居里温度,从该图中可以确定各组分陶瓷样品的居里温度。
图2为不同浓度MnO2掺杂的BZT-xBCT体系样品的居里温度随掺杂含量变化的关系图。横轴为掺杂浓度,纵轴为距离温度。可以看出,随着掺杂含量的提高,该体系的居里温度发生急剧下降,最后稳定在室温(300K)附近及以下。
图3是不同浓度MnO2掺杂的BZT-xBCT体系样品的极化(Polarization)与应变(Strain)随电场(Electric field)的变化关系。其中,(a)未掺杂MnO2样品;(b)0.25at.%MnO2掺杂样品;(c)0.5at.%MnO2掺杂样品;(d)1at.%MnO2掺杂样品;(e)2at.%MnO2掺杂样品。测试频率为0.1Hz。测试温度为室温温度。可以看出,随着掺杂浓度的提高,图中P-E和S-E曲线中的滞回度明显降低。P-E曲线由方型往S型转变,闭回曲线中的面积减少。而S-E曲线也有双蝴蝶曲线往细V型曲线转变,同样闭回曲线中的面积减少。最后2at.%MnO2掺杂的BZT-0.5BCT中闭回曲线面积的增加与该体系中的漏导增加有关。因此最佳掺杂浓度控制为2at.%MnO2

Claims (3)

1.一种调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)称料:按化学式Ba(1-0.3x)Ca0.3x[Zr(0.2-0.2x)Ti(0.8+0.2x)]1-yMnyO3中各元素的配比,取原料BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2及MnO2,其中,x=0.3~0.6,y=0.0025~0.02;
2)球磨:将原料混合后放入球磨罐中,加入球磨溶剂异丙醇和氧化锆球,充分球磨、烘干、研磨、过60目筛;
3)预烧:将步骤2)中研磨、过筛后的粉料于1250℃进行预烧,保温4小时,自然冷却到室温;
4)二次球磨:将步骤3)预烧得到的粉料研磨、过60目筛,装入球磨罐,加入球磨溶剂异丙醇和氧化锆球,二次球磨后、烘干;
5)造粒:将步骤4)烘干的粉料研磨、过筛,加入质量分数为5%~10%的聚乙烯醇,混合均匀,过筛取60~100目之间的粉料;
6)成型:将步骤5)造粒后的粉料静置24小时,再将粉料放入模具中,在80MPa压力下,压成圆柱状坯件;
7)排胶:将步骤6)制得的圆柱状坯体放入马弗炉中,温度由室温升至600℃,保温2小时,进行有机物排除;
8)烧结:将步骤7)中排胶后的坯体放入坩埚中,加盖,用同类粉料做埋料埋烧,在1450℃中烧结,保温4小时,随炉自然冷却至室温,制得陶瓷片;
9)烧电极:将步骤8)烧好的陶瓷片打磨至厚度为0.6mm,自然晾干,在其上下表面涂覆银浆,置于炉中由室温升温至600℃,保温20min,自然冷却至室温,制得居里温度降低的致密度无铅铁电陶瓷;
其中,原料BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2及MnO2为纯度大于99.99%的高纯原料;
所述制得的无铅铁电陶瓷的居里温度通过掺杂MnO2由365k降低至278k~296k;MnO2掺杂含量控制在2at.%以内;
步骤2)中球磨转速和步骤4)中二次球磨转速均为250转/分;
步骤7)和步骤9)中的升温速率均为3℃/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中烘干和步骤4)中烘干均是在80℃下进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的调控铁电陶瓷居里温度的方法,其特征在于,步骤6)是将粉料放入直径为12mm的不锈钢模具中进行压制成型。
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