CN107049950B - 一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107049950B
CN107049950B CN201611242887.0A CN201611242887A CN107049950B CN 107049950 B CN107049950 B CN 107049950B CN 201611242887 A CN201611242887 A CN 201611242887A CN 107049950 B CN107049950 B CN 107049950B
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李桂英
高玉荣
郭磊
周在帅
高玲玲
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NANJING ZIHONG BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法,包括如下步骤:以壳聚糖接枝环糊精聚合物和苯并咪唑聚己内酯为原料,将CS‑g‑CD和BM‑PCL分别溶于溶剂中,制得溶液;将药物加入到步骤1)中所得的BM‑PCL溶液中搅拌溶解,后将所得的BM‑PCL溶液在搅拌条件下以1~2滴/s的速度滴加到CS‑g‑CD溶液中,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,后蒸馏水透析得到聚合物载药囊泡溶液。本发明的方法制备得到的聚合物囊泡对亲、疏水性药物的载药能力强,可实现药物的高效负载和可控释放;具有空心结构,粒径在100~200nm之间,囊泡的大小可以根据CS‑g‑CD和BM‑PCL两种聚合物的比例调节。

Description

一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物载体的制备方法,尤其涉及一种聚合物囊泡的制备方法,属于药物载体技术领域。
背景技术
癌症是当今医学界所面临的重大难题之一,化学疗法是癌症综合治疗中不可缺少的重要手段,而传统的化疗方法存在毒副作用大、药物生物利用率低、缺乏特异性识别等缺点,限制了其在癌症治疗中的应用与发展。
聚合物囊泡具有许多独特的物理化学性质,在癌症治疗领域具有重大的应用价值。聚合物囊泡是由具有双亲性嵌段或接枝共聚物在水溶液中自组装形成的一类具有双层膜结构的聚集体,具有内容量大、稳定性高、可负载亲、疏水性药物的优点。利用聚合物囊泡作为抗癌药物的运输载体,可实现药物在肿瘤部位的靶向释放,有效地提高药物的生物利用率,减少药物的毒副作用。同时,由于聚合物囊泡的双层膜结构与细胞膜具有良好的相容性,使其作为药物载体既能保持药物的生理活性,又可降低药物的毒性和刺激性,从而达到低毒、高效、控释的目的。
环糊精(CD)是由6-12个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元以α-1,4-糖苷键首尾相连形成的环状低聚糖,具有良好的生物相容性、无毒和易于功能化等特点。由于连接D-吡喃葡萄糖单元的糖苷键不能自由旋转,使环糊精分子具有略呈锥形的中空圆筒环状结构,其外壳具有亲水性,而内空腔由于受到C-H键的屏蔽作用形成了疏水区。利用其特殊的筒状结构,环糊精与疏水性小分子、蛋白质、核酸等形成主-客体包合物,从而对客体分子起到保护、稳定和增溶的作用,在药物载体领域具有重要应用。壳聚糖(CS)是自然界中存在的唯一阳离子天然活性多糖,具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒等优点,已被广泛用于生物医学领域。天然高分子作为药物载体可以有效地延缓或控制药物释放,稳定和保护药物活性成分,促进药物吸收,提高生物利用率。
发明内容
本发明提供一种通过壳聚糖接枝环糊精与苯并咪唑聚己内酯之间的可逆的包结作用制备聚合物载药囊泡的方法。
本发明中各个化合物的名称缩写如下:
壳聚糖接枝环糊精聚合物以CS-g-CD表示,苯并咪唑聚己内酯以BM-PCL表示,壳聚糖以CS表示,苯并咪唑以BM表示,聚己内酯以PCL表示,单-6-对甲苯磺酰-β-环糊精以6-Ts-CD表示。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)以壳聚糖接枝环糊精聚合物和苯并咪唑聚己内酯为原料,将CS-g-CD和BM-PCL分别溶于溶剂中,制得溶液;
2)将药物加入到步骤1)中所得的BM-PCL溶液中搅拌溶解,后将所得的BM-PCL溶液在搅拌条件下以1~2滴/s的速度滴加到CS-g-CD溶液中,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,后蒸馏水透析得到聚合物载药囊泡溶液。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步,步骤2)中所述的药物为5-氟尿嘧啶、阿霉素、布洛芬、萘普生、吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸钠中的一种。
进一步,步骤1)中溶解CS-g-CD的溶剂为冰乙酸水溶液,溶解BM-PCL的溶剂为DMF。
进一步,步骤1)中所得CS-g-CD和BM-PCL溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mg/mL。
进一步,步骤2)中混合过程中控制CS-g-CD与BM-PCL的体积比为1:1~10:1。
进一步,步骤2)中继续搅拌的时间为12~48h。
进一步,步骤2)中蒸馏水透析的时间为4~8小时。
进一步,步骤1)中所述的CS-g-CD由壳聚糖(CS)和单-6-对甲苯磺酰-β-环糊精(6-Ts-CD)经接枝反应制得,步骤1)中所述的BM-PCL由苯并咪唑与己内酯经聚合反应制得。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明的方法制备得到的聚合物囊泡对亲、疏水性药物的载药能力强,载药量可达37%以上,而现有技术报道的载药量大多在10~20%,载药量高的原因是囊泡的壁由β-CD和PCL形成,药物可以负载到囊泡的空腔及β-CD中;
2)可实现药物的可控释放;
3)具有空心结构,粒径在100~200nm之间,囊泡的大小可以根据CS-g-CD和BM-PCL两种聚合物的比例调节;
4)制备工艺简单,易于操作和实现。
附图说明
图1为本发明合成聚合物载药囊泡的过程示意图;
图2为本发明所得聚合物载药囊泡的透射电镜图片;
图3为实施例1的聚合物载药囊泡缓释曲线(实施例1所得载药聚合物囊泡药物释放曲线)。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
本发明实施例中所使用的原料CS-g-CD的制备方法如下:
1)将β-环糊精(β-CD)(20~40g)溶于蒸馏水中,配成浓度为0.1~0.3mol/L的溶液,用恒压滴液漏斗向其中缓慢滴加5~15ml浓度为8~10mo l/L的氢氧化钠溶液,将反应体系置于0℃冰水浴中;
2)取对甲苯磺酰氯5~8g,溶于15~20mL乙腈,然后逐滴加入步骤1)中所得的体系中,反应2~4h,得到单-6-对甲苯磺酰-β-环糊精(6-OTs-CD);
3)将壳聚糖(CS)1~5g溶于80~200mL体积比为1%~5%的冰乙酸溶液中,然后向其中加入含6-OTs-CD(1~5g)的40~100mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液,抽真空,通N2保护,将体系置于90~120℃油浴中回流反应10~15h,得到壳聚糖接枝环糊精共聚物(CS-g-CD)。
本发明实施例中所使用的原料BM-PCL的制备方法如下:
将单体己内酯5~8g溶于适量的甲苯中,然后加入单体摩尔量0.1%~0.5%的催化剂辛酸亚锡,0.1~0.5g的引发剂2-溴乙醇,抽真空、通氮气循环三次,将体系置于110~130℃油浴中,磁力搅拌下反应24~30h,得到聚己内酯(PCL)。将PCL2~5g和苯并咪唑10~20g溶于20~40mL DMF溶液中,加入0.5~2.0g N,N-二异丙基乙胺,抽真空、通氮气循环三次,将体系置于60~90℃油浴中,磁力搅拌下反应24~30h,得到苯并咪唑聚己内酯(BM-PCL)。
其中载药量按照下式计算:载药量=载入囊泡的药物质量/(聚合物囊泡质量+药物质量)×100%。
实施例1:
一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将CS-g-CD溶于10ml的1%(v/v)的冰乙酸溶液(pH=3)中配成浓度为1mg/mL的溶液,将BM-PCL溶于10ml的DMF中制得浓度为0.1mg/mL的溶液;
2)将6.7mg的阿霉素加入到BM-PCL溶液中搅拌溶解,后在搅拌条件下以1-2滴/s的速度滴加到CS-g-CD溶液中,滴加完毕后继续搅拌24h,蒸馏水中透析6小时,得聚合物载药囊泡,载药量为37.8%。
实施例2:
一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将CS-g-CD溶于20ml的1%(v/v)的冰乙酸溶液(pH=3)中配成浓度为0.1mg/mL的溶液,将BM-PCL溶于5ml的DMF中制得浓度为0.1mg/mL的溶液;
2)将1.7mg的萘普生加入到BM-PCL溶液中搅拌溶解,后在搅拌条件下以1-2滴/s的速度滴加到CS-g-CD溶液中混合,滴加完毕后继续搅拌48h,蒸馏水中透析4小时,得聚合物载药囊泡,载药量为39.8%。
实施例3:
一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将CS-g-CD溶于50ml的1%(v/v)的冰乙酸溶液中配成浓度为0.1mg/mL的溶液,将BM-PCL溶于5ml的DMF中制得浓度为0.5mg/mL的溶液;
2)将10.3mg的吲哚美辛加入到BM-PCL溶液中搅拌溶解,后在搅拌条件下以1-2滴/s的速度滴加到CS-g-CD溶液中混合,滴加完毕后继续搅拌12h,蒸馏水中透析8小时,得聚合物载药囊泡,载药量为37.1%。
为了验证本发明所得聚合物载药囊泡的药物控释和缓释效果,我们进行了药物的控释和缓释效果的测试,具体结果如图3所示:
由图2、图3中我们可以看到,囊泡粒径为100nm左右,未负载到聚合物囊泡内的药物2小时内释放100%,而负载到聚合物囊泡的药物在48小时内累积释放量只有68%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种环糊精聚合物载药囊泡的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)以壳聚糖接枝环糊精聚合物和苯并咪唑聚己内酯为原料,将CS-g-CD和BM-PCL分别溶于溶剂中,制得溶液;
2)将药物加入到步骤1)中所得的BM-PCL溶液中搅拌溶解,后将所得的BM-PCL溶液在搅拌条件下以1~2滴/s的速度滴加到CS-g-CD溶液中,控制CS-g-CD与BM-PCL的体积比为1:1~10:1,滴加完毕后继续搅拌,后蒸馏水透析得到聚合物载药囊泡溶液;
所述药物为阿霉素、萘普生或吲哚美辛中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中溶解CS-g-CD的溶剂为冰乙酸水溶液,溶解BM-PCL的溶剂为DMF。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所得CS-g-CD和BM-PCL溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中继续搅拌的时间为12~48h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中蒸馏水透析的时间为4~8小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述的CS-g-CD由CS和6-Ts-CD经接枝反应制得,步骤1)中所述的BM-PCL由苯并咪唑与己内酯经聚合反应制得。
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