CN107047984B - High-calcium aromatic biological compound feed, preparation method thereof and feeding method of milch goats - Google Patents
High-calcium aromatic biological compound feed, preparation method thereof and feeding method of milch goats Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047984B CN107047984B CN201710129818.7A CN201710129818A CN107047984B CN 107047984 B CN107047984 B CN 107047984B CN 201710129818 A CN201710129818 A CN 201710129818A CN 107047984 B CN107047984 B CN 107047984B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed, a preparation method thereof and a feeding method of a milch goat, wherein the feed is prepared by crushing and mixing Prunus humilis Bunge pulp, Cedrela sinensis twigs, leaves and corn flour, adding a compound fermentation microbial inoculum, and filling the mixture into a fermentation bag for light-resistant vacuum fermentation; the method of gradually increasing the feeding amount until reaching the saturated feeding amount is adopted for feeding the milch goats; the feed can increase the number of beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts of the milch goats, promote digestion, improve the immunity of livestock, obviously improve the nutritional ingredients of the goat milk, greatly reduce the smell of mutton, and make the taste suitable for more people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feeds, in particular to a high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed, a preparation method thereof and a feeding method of a milch goat.
Background
The Prunus humilis Bunge (Prunus humilis Bunge) also called calcium fruit is perennial deciduous shrub of Rosaceae, and is a wild fruit tree with cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance and salt and alkali resistance. The prunus humilis bunge pulp has strong fragrance, sour and sweet taste and rich nutrition, the content of mineral elements, particularly calcium elements is far higher than that of other fruits, and the prunus humilis bunge pulp is endowed with the reputations of calcium supplement, pecan, anticancer king, marigold reduction and the like. Research shows that each 100 g of fresh cerasus humilis fruits contain 60-90 mg of calcium, which is 4 times of that of mandarin oranges and Chinese dates, 10 times of that of bananas and peaches and 20 times of that of apples and grapes, and the calcium in the cerasus humilis fruits is easy to absorb. In addition, cerasus humilis fruit is rich in various vitamins, amino acids, anthocyanins and trace mineral elements, and 97 natural aromatic substances are detected in the fruit. Therefore, the cerasus humilis has high application value in the fields of food, medicine, appreciation, environmental protection and energy.
Toona sinensis (A.Juss) Roem) is a perennial deciduous tree of the genus Toona sinensis of the family Meliaceae, native to China, and is a unique tree species in China. The cedrela sinensis is bitter in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic and high in medicinal value, and researches show that the content of total flavonoids in the tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis is 3.37 percent, which is higher than the content (2.4-2.8 percent) of flavonoids in ginkgo leaves at the same period. The cedrela sinensis has high nutritive value, is rich in protein, amino acid, various mineral elements and active substances, and the emitted aromatic substances are one of the characteristics of the cedrela sinensis. The cedrela sinensis has good medicinal and health-care functions, and active substances extracted from the cedrela sinensis have antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. People mostly take the tender shoots of the Chinese toons as vegetable delicacies, the scale utilization of the shoots and leaves is relatively weak, and practices show that the branches and leaves of the Chinese toons can be used as excellent feed raw materials for the livestock breeding industry.
In the livestock breeding industry, the milch goat plays an important role in breeding by producing high-nutrition and easily absorbed goat milk. The goat milk is smaller than the cow milk lactose particles, contains a large amount of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and can fully decompose lactose in the goat milk, so that lactose intolerance and anaphylactic reaction can not occur to most Chinese people (more than 60%) who lack lactose decomposition digestive enzyme in vivo when the goat milk is drunk. Although goat milk has high nutritive value, the goat milk is rejected by many consumers due to the special goat odor. In recent years, a great deal of research on the smell of goat milk is carried out, and two theories of external pollution from the source of the smell of goat milk and the smell of goat milk caused by inherent components are put forward. The mutton smell removing technology of the goat milk is also various and comprises physical mutton smell removing such as beta-cyclodextrin embedding, flash evaporation and the like, chemical mutton smell removing by food addition, a chemical method for degrading the mutton smell by adding specific microorganisms into the goat milk and the like. More and more practices show that the feed ingredients of the milch goat have obvious influence on the nutritive value and the goat odor of the goat milk.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed which is rich in nutrition, can improve the quality of cultured livestock and can improve the mouthfeel of goat milk, a preparation method thereof and a feeding method of the goat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed, a preparation method thereof and a feeding method of a milch goat, wherein the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed comprises prunus humilis pulp, Chinese toon fragments, corn flour and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum, and the prunus humilis pulp, the Chinese toon fragments, the corn flour and the compound fermentation microbial inoculum comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of cerasus humilis pulp, 40-60 parts of Chinese toon, 20-30 parts of corn flour and 0.5-2 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum; the compound fermentation inoculant comprises cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and tannin coenzyme; the cedrela sinensis is tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis;
the feed has the characteristics of high calcium content, aromatic smell, rich protein and amino acid, large quantity of beneficial bacteria, promotion of digestion and easy digestion and absorption of livestock, capability of improving the immunity of the livestock and the like; the prepared feed can reduce the incidence rate of mastitis and other diseases when used for feeding the milch goat; can obviously improve the nutrient components of the goat milk, greatly reduce the smell of the goat milk and make the goat milk suitable for more people in taste.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: removing cores of cerasus humilis fruits and crushing; crushing tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis; (ii) a
S2: mixing the cerasus humilis pulp 20-30 parts, the toona sinensis 40-60 parts and the corn flour 20-30 parts in the step S1
Mixing uniformly, adding 0.5-2 parts of composite fermentation inoculant, and fully and uniformly stirring;
s3: adjusting the water content of the mixture obtained in step S2, and filling into a fermentation bag when the water content is controlled to 65-75%
And performing light-resistant vacuum fermentation to obtain the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed.
In step S1, picking is carried out about one week before the cerasus humilis fruits are completely ripe (namely when 10-20% of cerasus humilis fruits are ripe), rotten fruits are removed, and crushing and kernel removing treatment are carried out; collecting annual tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis, removing rotten parts, pest parts and impurities, and crushing; obtaining main raw materials; in the step S2, the raw materials are mixed in time, so that the raw materials are all fresh, the nutrition is not excessively lost, the sugar content of the cerasus humilis fruits is high, the taste of the feed can be improved, and the fermentation speed can be accelerated; the fermentation speed is increased by adding the composite fermentation inoculant; in the step S3, strictly adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65-75%, forming a cluster by pinching with hands, detecting with a silage moisture detector when watermarks exist between fingers but no water drops appear, adjusting the overhigh moisture content by airing in a dark place or increasing the proportion of corns, and adjusting the overlow moisture content by increasing the proportion of cerasus humilis fruits or spraying water; when the green storage bag is bagged and fermented, a certain fermentation and air inflation space is reserved in the fermentation bag, or a silica gel film with adjustable air pressure is used, the air in the bag can be automatically discharged through the silica gel film after reaching a certain pressure value, the outside air cannot enter the bag, the bag is compacted after vacuumizing, the vacuumizing time is prolonged, and the green storage bag has no obvious change; opening of the fermentation bag is prohibited during fermentation.
Preferably, in step S1, the cerasus humilis fruit is crushed and ground into pulp for non-ruminant animal feed, and the cerasus humilis fruit peel is naturally broken for ruminant animal feed; the length of the crushed segment of the Chinese toon is 1-3 cm.
Preferably, the complex fermentation inoculant in the step S2 comprises cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and tannin coenzyme. The composite fermentation inoculant can rapidly decompose cellulose and tannin and accelerate fermentation.
Preferably, in step S3, the fermentation temperature is 23-30 deg.C and the fermentation time is 20-50 days. The fermentation temperature is in the range, the fermentation effect is good, the fermentation effect is poor when the fermentation temperature is lower than or higher than the range, and in the range, the higher the fermentation temperature is, the shorter the fermentation time is.
Preferably, the pH of the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed in the step S3 is 3.5-5.0.
Preferably, the method for feeding the milch goat is as follows:
gradually increasing the feeding amount in a stepwise manner until the saturated feeding amount is reached in the initial feeding; feeding alone or together with other feeds during feeding; the saturated feeding amount of the biological feed for feeding the dairy lambs for 1-2 months is less than 30 percent, and the saturated feeding amount of the dairy lambs after milk production is more than 60 percent.
When the feed is fed, the milch goat needs a period of adaptation process, and the feeding amount needs to be gradually increased; for the milk lambs, the adaptability is poor, so the feeding amount is small, and the feeding amount is gradually increased along with the gradual growth of the lambs; compared with the goat milk fed with green grass or common feed, the goat milk fed with the feed has higher calcium content and less goat odor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feed is processed by utilizing Prunus humilis Bunge fruits rich in calcium elements and Chinese toon which is high in protein and aromatic substances, has high calcium content, aromatic smell, rich protein and amino acid, large quantity of beneficial bacteria, capability of promoting digestion and easy digestion and absorption and can improve the immunity of livestock; the prepared feed can reduce the incidence rate of mastitis and other diseases when used for feeding the milch goat; especially, the ruminant milk goat is fed, so that the mouthfeel of the goat milk can be improved, the mutton smell is greatly reduced, and the mouthfeel is suitable for more people; the contents of protein, calcium and lactose in the goat milk are obviously increased, and the nutritive value of the goat milk is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the first embodiment is as follows: preparation of high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed
Harvesting the cerasus humilis fruits about one week before the cerasus humilis fruits are completely ripe (namely when 10-20% of the cerasus humilis fruits are ripe), removing rotten fruits and performing kernel removal by using a kernel remover; collecting annual tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis, removing rotten parts, pest parts and impurities, and crushing, wherein the length of a crushing section is kept to be 1-3 cm; the corn kernels are ground into powder, 3 raw materials are mixed according to the proportion (100 kg of cerasus humilis bunge: Toona sinensis: corn flour in total: 1: 2: 1), the mixture is stirred uniformly in a stirring machine, and 1.0kg of compound fermentation inoculant is added at the same time. After the mixture is stirred uniformly, a silage moisture detector is used for detecting, the water content of the mixture is adjusted in a mode of shading, airing or spraying water, and the mixture is placed into a fermentation bag for fermentation treatment after the water content is controlled to be 65-75%. Each fermentation bag with the silica gel membrane is packed with 15kg, the fermentation bags are fully vacuumized (the air extraction time is 90 seconds, the sealing is carried out for 4 seconds, and the fermentation bags are cooled for 3 seconds), the fermentation bags are placed in an environment with the average temperature of 23-30 ℃ and are protected from light for 30 days, and the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed is fully fermented to obtain the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed.
The specific sensory evaluation was:
(1) has acidic fragrance and no butyric acid odor;
(2) the color is changed from original green to bright yellow green, and the color becomes light brown after being dried;
(3) the texture is soft, the branches, leaves and fruits are clear, the phenomena of rot and pollution are avoided, and the hand is loose and not sticky when being pinched by hands.
The animal feed is evaluated as high-quality biological feed, and the livestock can be fed, the feeding principle is that the animal feed is unsealed along with the feeding, the animal feed is fed as soon as possible after the unsealing, and the animal feed is placed for deterioration.
Example two: feeding example for milch goats
Selecting 6 milch goats with consistent ages and all in the milk producing period, randomly dividing the milch goats into two groups, feeding green grass and corn flour to the first group according to a conventional method, wherein the weight ratio of the first group to the second group is 9: 00 and 3 in the afternoon: 00 feed every time, 1.5kg of green grass and 0.5kg of corn flour every time. The second group was fed the bio-formulated feed prepared in example one in incremental increments, 9 a.m. daily: 00 and 3 in the afternoon: 00 the feed is fed once, the specific method and the dosage are shown in the following table 1, and the biological feed can be fed completely after 7 days. The two groups of sheep were taken milk on days 1, 7 and 14, respectively, and the milk of 3 milch goats in each group was mixed to prepare test samples, and the differences of the ingredients and the tastes of the goat milk were tested, and the results are shown in table 2.
It is necessary to explain the present example,
(1) according to the feeding method in the table 1, the milch goat can adapt to the biological feed on the 7 th day, and the biological feed has good palatability;
(2) the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed has obvious effects of improving the taste of goat milk and improving nutrition, and calcium, protein and other nutrition in the feed come from plant branches, leaves and fruits, and inorganic substances are not added as nutrition supplements, so the feed has popularization and application values in the period of advocating natural organic health.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
TABLE 1 method for feeding milch goats with gradual increase of biological feed
TABLE 2 goat milk quality test results of two different feeds
Claims (7)
1. A high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding milch goats is characterized in that: the compound fermentation microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of cerasus humilis pulp, 40-60 parts of Chinese toon, 20-30 parts of corn flour and 0.5-2 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum;
the compound fermentation inoculant consists of cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and tannin coenzyme;
the Chinese toon is the twig and leaf of the Chinese toon.
2. A preparation method of a high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding a milch goat is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: removing cores of cerasus humilis fruits and crushing; crushing tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis;
s2: uniformly mixing 20-30 parts of prunus humilis pulp, 40-60 parts of toona sinensis and 20-30 parts of corn flour in the step S1, adding 0.5-2 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum, and fully and uniformly stirring;
s3: and (5) adjusting the water content of the mixture obtained in the step S2, and filling the mixture into a fermentation bag for dark vacuum fermentation when the water content is controlled to be 65-75%, so as to obtain the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed.
3. The high calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding milch goats according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the cerasus humilis pericarp is naturally cracked for ruminant feed; the length of the crushed segment of the Chinese toon is 1-3 cm.
4. The high calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding milch goats according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the compound fermentation inoculant in the step S2 consists of cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and tannin coenzyme.
5. The high calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding milch goats according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the fermentation temperature is 23-30 deg.C, and the fermentation time is 20-50 days.
6. The high calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding milch goats according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the pH value of the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed in the step S3 is 3.5-5.0.
7. A feeding method of a high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed for feeding a milch goat is disclosed, the high-calcium aromatic biological compound feed is composed of Prunus humilis Bunge pulp, Chinese toon fragments, corn flour and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum, and the Prunus humilis Bunge pulp, the Chinese toon fragments, the corn flour and the compound fermentation microbial inoculum comprise the following components by weight: 20-30 parts of cerasus humilis pulp, 40-60 parts of Chinese toon, 20-30 parts of corn flour and 0.5-2 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum; the compound fermentation inoculant consists of cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and tannin coenzyme; the cedrela sinensis is tender branches and leaves of the cedrela sinensis; the method is characterized in that: the method for feeding the milch goats is as follows:
the feeding amount is gradually increased in the initial feeding until the saturated feeding amount is reached; feeding alone or together with other feeds during feeding; the saturated feeding amount of the biological feed for feeding the dairy lambs for 1-2 months is less than 30 percent, and the saturated feeding amount of the dairy lambs after milk production is more than 60 percent.
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| CN108208319A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-06-29 | 浦江县协盈动物饲料技术开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of sheep fermented feed |
| CN108935303A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-07 | 界首市英琪养殖专业合作社 | A kind of captive breeding method improving black goat antioxidant ability of organism |
| CN116076615A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-09 | 深圳市绿苋生物科技有限公司 | Antibiotic-free microbial fermented feed and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN103494013A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-08 | 安徽省瑞森生物科技有限责任公司 | Chinese toon forage for broilers and preparation method thereof |
| CN103652364A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-03-26 | 四川金雨农业股份有限公司 | High-calcium leaf meal feed as well as production method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103494013A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-08 | 安徽省瑞森生物科技有限责任公司 | Chinese toon forage for broilers and preparation method thereof |
| CN103652364A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-03-26 | 四川金雨农业股份有限公司 | High-calcium leaf meal feed as well as production method and application thereof |
| CN105851541A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 五河县居高山羊养殖专业合作社 | Granulated feed for goats at lactation period and preparation method of granulated feed |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 变废为宝的饲料资源;张士权等;《北方牧业》;20101220(第24期);第24页正文第1段 * |
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