CN107047475B - Penaeus vannamei boone breeding method with low bait coefficient - Google Patents
Penaeus vannamei boone breeding method with low bait coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- 108010019160 Pancreatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 241000058338 Macrobrachium nipponense Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone with low bait coefficient, which comprises the following steps of configuring 1 aerator in each mu, installing a laser emitting device in each 300m 2, installing an ultrasonic generating device in each 100m 2, feeding water and controlling the pH value and transparency, putting young penaeus vannamei boone, feeding nutrition enhancing materials in the 1 st to 5 th days after the young penaeus vannamei boone is put, stopping feeding the opening materials in the 6 th days after the young penaeus vannamei boone is put, feeding 20 to 35 days by using body-building materials, uniformly mixing the body-building materials and the meat-enhancing materials according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, feeding the young penaeus vannamei boone for 6 to 10 days, and feeding the young penaeus vannamei boone after the body-building materials and the meat-enhancing materials are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of penaeus vannamei boone cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone with low bait coefficient.
Background
the Penaeus vannamei Boone, named Vanna prawn as a broad-temperature euryhaline tropical shrimp, has the appearance similar to that of Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus margaritae, has an average service life at least longer than 32 months, can reach 24cm as the longest adult, has thin shell, is light grey in normal body color, has no speckle in the whole body, is chalk-like in step, is called white shrimp, has delicious meat quality and has high economic value.
At present, the culture of south America white shrimps cultured in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei province or autonomous regions is gradually promoted, the south America white shrimps cultured in Yangtze Staphyla town in Tianjin city are famous in the world, and the south America white shrimps are called as villages of Chinese fishes and shrimps, wherein the technology of the south America white shrimps is the most mature.
The penaeus vannamei boone has delicious meat quality, the meat yield can reach 67 percent, the suitable temperature range is wide, the penaeus vannamei boone can grow at 18-32 ℃, the suitable salt range is wide, the penaeus vannamei boone can grow under the condition that the salinity is 1-40 per mill, and the penaeus vannamei boone is an excellent desalination culture variety. The penaeus vannamei boone grows fast, and is gradually the main breeding shrimp species in south China, and shrimp seeds, shrimp nauplii or parent shrimps are supplied in Xiamen, North sea, south Ning and Guangzhou and other places in China.
however, in order to seek high yield and shorten the culture period, the bait coefficient of the penaeus vannamei bred to reach the market specification of the macrobrachium nipponensis is generally high, the economic profit is reduced, the pollution of water is caused by a large amount of bait, and adverse influence factors are caused to later-stage re-culture, so that the development of the penaeus vannamei culture method with low bait coefficient is urgently needed.
disclosure of Invention
an object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone with a low bait coefficient, which can significantly reduce the bait coefficient of penaeus vannamei boone and simultaneously effectively increase the survival rate and acre yield, and the penaeus vannamei boone is longer and heavier in individual length within the same breeding time.
in order to achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, a method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone with a low bait factor is provided, which comprises the following steps in parts by weight:
Step one, 1 aerator is arranged in each mu of a pond after disinfection treatment, a laser emitting device is arranged in 2 every 300m, an ultrasonic generating device is arranged in 2 every 100m, water is fed to enable the water depth to be 1-1.5 m, the pH value is adjusted to be 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40 cm;
the laser emitting device comprises a first tripod, a waterproof motor fixed to the top of the first tripod, a cylindrical transparent first shell located right below the waterproof motor, and a laser emitter arranged in the first shell in a sealing mode, wherein the bottom of the first tripod is fixed to the bottom of the pond, the center of the top of the first shell is connected with an output shaft of the waterproof motor and the output shaft is arranged vertically, the distance between the bottom of the first shell and the bottom of the pond is 0.5m, and the distance between the top of the first tripod and the bottom of the pond is larger than 1.8 m;
ultrasonic wave generating device includes the second tripod, fixes the hydro-cylinder at second tripod top, be located cylindric second casing and sealed setting under the hydro-cylinder are in supersonic generator in the second casing, the bottom of second tripod is fixed pond bottom, the vertical setting of axis of second casing, the center department at second casing top with the piston connection of hydro-cylinder, the top of first tripod with the distance of pond bottom is greater than 1.8m, the second casing sets up to: when the pond moves downwards to the terminal point, the distance between the bottom of the pond and the bottom of the pond is 0.4m, and when the pond moves upwards to the terminal point, the distance between the bottom of the pond and the bottom of the pond is 1.2 m;
Step two, putting shrimp seeds with the length of 0.8-1.2 cm into a culture pond with the water temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seeds is 8-12 ten thousand tails per mu;
feeding nutrition enhancing materials 1-5 days after the shrimp seedlings are put in;
Wherein, the nutrition enhancing material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: a. crushing 100 parts of pigskin and 50 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 15-20 min under the condition of a water bath at 90 ℃, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, adding 0.6 part of pancreatin under the condition of the water bath at 37 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 6h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first zymolyte;
b. crushing 50 parts of flower beans, 50 parts of taros and 20 parts of mung beans, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 20-30 min under the condition of boiling water bath, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding 0.8 part of phytase, 0.5 part of neutral cellulase and 0.8 part of amylase under the condition of 45 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 7h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a second zymolyte;
c. crushing 100 parts of bean curd residue, 50 parts of carrot, 20 parts of rice and 100 parts of crucian, sterilizing, inoculating bacillus subtilis, culturing at 37 ℃ for 18 hours, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first fermentation product;
d. uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte and 100 parts of first ferment, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, adding 0.8 part of lipoxidase, placing in a water bath at 25 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, and then sterilizing for 50 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain a nutritional agent;
e. uniformly mixing 100 parts of nutritional agent, 10 parts of water, 0.25 part of carrageenan and 0.25 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of opening material, and uniformly mixing;
step four, stopping feeding the opening material at the 6 th day after the shrimp seeds are put in, and feeding for 20-35 days by using the body building material;
Wherein the body building material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: crushing 100 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of diatom and 10 parts of green algae, adding 5 parts of peanut kernels, adding 100 parts of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-4.5, adding 20 parts of saccharifying enzyme under the water bath condition of 60-65 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 8 hours, cooling, adding 10 parts of monascus and 10 parts of gluconobacter oxydans, culturing for 24 hours under the condition of 30 ℃, and sterilizing to obtain a second fermented product;
II, uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte, 50 parts of the second zymolyte, 5 parts of honey, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of juvenile shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
step five, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and feeding for 6-10 days;
Wherein, the meat-increasing material specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath at 85 ℃, taking out and adding 1000 parts of medium shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
Step six, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and feeding the mixture to salvage to the upper bank;
after feeding a nutrition enhancing material, a health enhancing material or a health enhancing material and a meat enhancing material, starting the waterproof motor and the laser emitter, continuously working for 40-60 s, then closing, waiting for 1-1.5 h, starting the oil cylinder and the ultrasonic generator, and continuously working for 1-3 min, then closing;
starting the waterproof motor and the laser emitter at 4: 00-5: 00 a.m. every day, closing after continuously working for 40-60 s, and starting the oil cylinder and the ultrasonic generator at 10: 00-11: 00 a.m. every day, and closing after continuously working for 1-3 min.
preferably, the rotating speed of the first shell is 60r/min, and the speed of the second shell moving up and down is 0.5 m/s.
Preferably, the distance between the top of the first tripod and the bottom of the pond and the distance between the top of the second tripod and the bottom of the pond are both 2 m.
preferably, the protein content of the starter feed, the shrimp feed, and the shrimp-middle feed is 42%, 40%, and 32%, respectively.
Preferably, the distance between the laser emitting device and the ultrasonic wave generating device is greater than 5 m.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kHz.
preferably, the laser has a wavelength of 1.064 μm.
the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, feeding a nutrition enhancing material, a body building material and a meat enhancing material, and performing laser treatment and ultrasonic treatment in the whole culture process, so that the bait coefficient of the penaeus vannamei boone can be obviously reduced, the survival rate and the acre yield are also effectively improved, and the penaeus vannamei boone is obviously longer and heavier in the same culture time;
secondly, a first zymolyte obtained by enzymolysis of pigskin and leftovers of fishes and shrimps, a second zymolyte obtained by enzymolysis of phaseolus vulgaris, taro and mung beans through phytase and neutral cellulase, bean curd residue, carrots, rice and a first fermentation product obtained by fermentation of crucian through bacillus subtilis are combined to provide comprehensive amino acid types and total amount for the growth of the penaeus vannamei which just enters a culture pond, so that nutrients for enhancing the disease resistance of the penaeus vannamei are provided, and substances obtained by enzymolysis and fermentation are easier to digest and absorb by intestinal tracts of the penaeus vannamei, so that the healthy and rapid growth of the young penaeus vannamei is promoted;
Thirdly, after the soybean meal, the diatom, the green algae and the peanut kernel are subjected to enzymolysis, the red koji and the gluconobacter oxydans are used for fermentation to obtain a second fermentation product, and then the second fermentation product is combined with the first enzymolysis product, the second enzymolysis product and the honey to provide rich nutrient substances for the penaeus vannamei and protect the intestinal tract of the penaeus vannamei, so that the penaeus vannamei can nourish and protect the stomach in the juvenile stage and develop into the intestines and stomach with healthy and strong digestion functions to assist the digestion of the penaeus vannamei on the bait and promote the growth, and trace elements can be provided to improve the resistance of the penaeus vannamei on external diseases and prevent the penaeus vannamei from being ill;
Fourthly, in the rapid meat-growing period of the penaeus vannamei boone, meat enhancing materials are adopted for feeding, the meat enhancing materials are prepared from a first zymolyte, a second zymolyte, compound vitamins and medium shrimp materials, amino acid, calcium and vitamin substances required by the meat-growing period of the penaeus vannamei boone can be synchronously provided, and aiming at the rapid meat-growing period of the penaeus vannamei boone, more food is taken, so that the gastrointestinal load is overweight, the enzymolysis substances are adopted for feeding, the effect of reducing the gastrointestinal load is achieved, the digestion and absorption speed is improved, and the bait coefficient is effectively reduced;
Fifthly, under normal conditions, young prawns can be shelled once every 30-40 hours, medium prawns can be shelled once every 3-5 days, adult prawns can be shelled once every 1-2 weeks, the body length and the body weight of the shelled penaeus vannamei are increased rapidly, the rapid shelling of the penaeus vannamei can be promoted by starting laser irradiation and ultrasonic waves, gaps between the two shelling of the shelled penaeus vannamei can be shortened to a certain degree, and therefore the penaeus vannamei is promoted to grow and gain weight rapidly.
additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical cross-sectional configuration of a pond of the present invention;
Detailed Description
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
it is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
< example 1>
The method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone with low bait coefficient comprises the following steps of:
step one, 1 aerator is arranged in each mu of a disinfected pond 1, one laser emitting device is arranged in each 300m 2, one ultrasonic generating device is arranged in each 100m 2, water is fed to ensure that the water depth is 1m, the pH value is adjusted to 7.8, and the transparency is 30 cm;
the laser emitting device comprises a first tripod 21, a waterproof motor 22 fixed to the top of the first tripod 21, a cylindrical transparent first shell 23 located right below the waterproof motor 22, and a laser emitter 24 arranged in the first shell 23 in a sealing manner, wherein the bottom of the first tripod 21 is fixed to the bottom of the pond 1, the center of the top of the first shell 23 is connected with an output shaft of the waterproof motor 22, the output shaft is vertically arranged, the distance between the bottom of the first shell 23 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.5m, the distance between the top of the first tripod 21 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 2m, the rotating speed of the first shell 23 is 60r/min, and the wavelength of laser is 1.064 μm;
ultrasonic wave generating device includes second tripod 31, fixes hydro-cylinder 32 at second tripod 31 top, is located cylindric second casing 33 and the sealed setting that is in under hydro-cylinder 32 supersonic generator 34 in the second casing 33, the bottom of second tripod 31 is fixed 1 bottom in pond, the vertical setting of axis of second casing 33, the center department at second casing 33 top with the piston connection of hydro-cylinder 32, the top of first tripod 21 with the distance of 1 bottom in pond is 2m, second casing 33 sets up to: when the ultrasonic wave generator moves downwards to the end point, the distance between the bottom of the ultrasonic wave generator and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.4m, when the ultrasonic wave generator moves upwards to the end point, the distance between the bottom of the ultrasonic wave generator and the bottom of the pond 1 is 1.2m, the up-and-down movement speed of the second shell 33 is 0.5m/s, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kHz;
the distance between the laser emitting device and the ultrasonic generating device is 6 m;
step two, putting shrimp seeds with the length of 0.8cm into a culture pond with the water temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seeds is 8 ten thousand per mu;
feeding nutrition enhancing materials 1-5 days after the shrimp seedlings are put in;
Wherein, the nutrition enhancing material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: a. crushing 100 parts of pigskin and 50 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 15min under the condition of a water bath at 90 ℃, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, adding 0.6 part of pancreatin under the condition of the water bath at 37 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 6h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first zymolyte;
b. crushing 50 parts of flower beans, 50 parts of taros and 20 parts of mung beans, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 20min under the condition of boiling water bath, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding 0.8 part of phytase, 0.5 part of neutral cellulase and 0.8 part of amylase under the condition of 45 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 7h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a second zymolyte;
c. crushing 100 parts of bean curd residue, 50 parts of carrot, 20 parts of rice and 100 parts of crucian, sterilizing, inoculating bacillus subtilis, culturing at 37 ℃ for 18 hours, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first fermentation product;
d. uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte and 100 parts of the first zymolyte, adjusting the pH value to 5.5, adding 0.8 part of lipoxidase, placing in a water bath condition at 25 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, and then sterilizing for 50 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain the nutritional agent;
e. uniformly mixing 100 parts of nutritional agent, 10 parts of water, 0.25 part of carrageenan and 0.25 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of opening material, and uniformly mixing;
step four, stopping feeding the opening material at the 6 th day after the shrimp seedlings are put in, and feeding for 20 days by using the body building material;
Wherein the body building material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: i, crushing 100 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of diatom and 10 parts of green algae, adding 5 parts of peanut kernels, adding 100 parts of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 4.0, adding 20 parts of glucoamylase under the condition of 60 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 8 hours, cooling, adding 10 parts of monascus and 10 parts of gluconobacter oxydans, culturing for 24 hours under the condition of 30 ℃, and sterilizing to obtain a second fermentation product;
II, uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte, 50 parts of the second zymolyte, 5 parts of honey, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of juvenile shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
step five, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and feeding for 6 days;
wherein, the meat-increasing material specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath at 85 ℃, taking out and adding 1000 parts of medium shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
step six, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and feeding the mixture to salvage to the upper bank;
The protein contents of the opening feed, the young shrimp feed and the medium shrimp feed are 42%, 40% and 32% respectively;
after the nutrition enhancing material, the health material or the health material and the meat enhancing material are fed each time, the waterproof motor 22 and the laser emitter 24 are started, the machine is closed after continuously working for 40s, the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34 are started after 1h, and the machine is closed after continuously working for 1 min;
starting the waterproof motor 22 and the laser emitter 24 at 4:00 a.m. every day, closing after continuously working for 40s, and starting the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34 at 10:00 a.m. every day, and closing after continuously working for 1 min;
the culture is fished ashore for 62 days
< example 2>
the method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone with low bait coefficient comprises the following steps of:
Step one, 1 aerator is arranged in each mu of a disinfected pond 1, a laser emitting device is arranged in each 300m2, an ultrasonic generating device is arranged in each 100m 2, water is fed to enable the water depth to be 1.5m, the pH value is adjusted to be 8.5, and the transparency is 40 cm;
The laser emitting device comprises a first tripod 21, a waterproof motor 22 fixed to the top of the first tripod 21, a cylindrical transparent first shell 23 located right below the waterproof motor 22, and a laser emitter 24 arranged in the first shell 23 in a sealing manner, wherein the bottom of the first tripod 21 is fixed to the bottom of the pond 1, the center of the top of the first shell 23 is connected with an output shaft of the waterproof motor 22, the output shaft is vertically arranged, the distance between the bottom of the first shell 23 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.5m, the distance between the top of the first tripod 21 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 2m, the rotating speed of the first shell 23 is 60r/min, and the wavelength of laser is 1.064 μm;
ultrasonic wave generating device includes second tripod 31, fixes hydro-cylinder 32 at second tripod 31 top, is located cylindric second casing 33 and the sealed setting that is in under hydro-cylinder 32 supersonic generator 34 in the second casing 33, the bottom of second tripod 31 is fixed 1 bottom in pond, the vertical setting of axis of second casing 33, the center department at second casing 33 top with the piston connection of hydro-cylinder 32, the top of first tripod 21 with the distance of 1 bottom in pond is 2m, second casing 33 sets up to: when the ultrasonic wave generator moves downwards to the end point, the distance between the bottom of the ultrasonic wave generator and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.4m, when the ultrasonic wave generator moves upwards to the end point, the distance between the bottom of the ultrasonic wave generator and the bottom of the pond 1 is 1.2m, the up-and-down movement speed of the second shell 33 is 0.5m/s, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kHz;
the distance between the laser emitting device and the ultrasonic generating device is 10 m;
Step two, putting 1.2 cm-long shrimp seedlings into a culture pond with the water temperature of 30 ℃, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seedlings is 12 ten thousand per mu;
Feeding nutrition enhancing materials 1-5 days after the shrimp seedlings are put in;
wherein, the nutrition enhancing material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: a. crushing 100 parts of pigskin and 50 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 20min under the condition of a water bath at 90 ℃, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, adding 0.6 part of pancreatin under the condition of the water bath at 37 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 6h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first zymolyte;
b. crushing 50 parts of flower beans, 50 parts of taros and 20 parts of mung beans, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 30min under the condition of boiling water bath, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding 0.8 part of phytase, 0.5 part of neutral cellulase and 0.8 part of amylase under the condition of 45 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 7h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a second zymolyte;
c. crushing 100 parts of bean curd residue, 50 parts of carrot, 20 parts of rice and 100 parts of crucian, sterilizing, inoculating bacillus subtilis, culturing at 37 ℃ for 18 hours, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first fermentation product;
d. uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte and 100 parts of the first zymolyte, adjusting the pH value to 6.0, adding 0.8 part of lipoxidase, placing in a water bath condition at 25 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, and then sterilizing for 50 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain the nutritional agent;
e. Uniformly mixing 100 parts of nutritional agent, 10 parts of water, 0.25 part of carrageenan and 0.25 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of opening material, and uniformly mixing;
Step four, stopping feeding the starter at the 6 th day after the shrimp seedlings are put in, and feeding the shrimp seedlings for 35 days by using the body building material;
Wherein the body building material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: i, crushing 100 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of diatom and 10 parts of green algae, adding 5 parts of peanut kernel, adding 100 parts of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 4.5, adding 20 parts of glucoamylase under the condition of 65 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 8 hours, cooling, adding 10 parts of monascus and 10 parts of gluconobacter oxydans, culturing for 24 hours under the condition of 30 ℃, and sterilizing to obtain a second fermentation product;
II, uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte, 50 parts of the second zymolyte, 5 parts of honey, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of juvenile shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
Step five, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and feeding for 10 days;
Wherein, the meat-increasing material specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath at 85 ℃, taking out and adding 1000 parts of medium shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
Step six, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and feeding the mixture to salvage to the upper bank;
the protein contents of the opening feed, the young shrimp feed and the medium shrimp feed are 42%, 40% and 32% respectively;
after feeding nutrition enhancing materials, body building materials or body building materials and meat enhancing materials each time, starting the waterproof motor 22 and the laser emitter 24, continuously working for 60s, then closing the waterproof motor and the laser emitter, waiting for 1.5h, starting the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34, and continuously working for 3min, then closing the waterproof motor and the laser emitter;
starting the waterproof motor 22 and the laser emitter 24 at 5:00 a.m. each day, closing after continuously working for 60s, and starting the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34 at 11:00 a.m. each day, and closing after continuously working for 3 min;
and 5, culturing for 60 days and fishing out of shore.
< example 3>
the method for breeding the penaeus vannamei boone with low bait coefficient comprises the following steps of:
step one, 1 aerator is arranged in each mu of a disinfected pond 1, one laser emitting device is arranged in each 300m 2, one ultrasonic generating device is arranged in each 100m 2, water is fed to ensure that the water depth is 1.2m, the pH value is adjusted to 8.0, and the transparency is 35 cm;
the laser emitting device comprises a first tripod 21, a waterproof motor 22 fixed to the top of the first tripod 21, a cylindrical transparent first shell 23 located right below the waterproof motor 22, and a laser emitter 24 arranged in the first shell 23 in a sealing manner, wherein the bottom of the first tripod 21 is fixed to the bottom of the pond 1, the center of the top of the first shell 23 is connected with an output shaft of the waterproof motor 22, the output shaft is vertically arranged, the distance between the bottom of the first shell 23 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.5m, the distance between the top of the first tripod 21 and the bottom of the pond 1 is 2m, the rotating speed of the first shell 23 is 60r/min, and the wavelength of laser is 1.064 μm;
Ultrasonic wave generating device includes second tripod 31, fixes hydro-cylinder 32 at second tripod 31 top, is located cylindric second casing 33 and the sealed setting that is in under hydro-cylinder 32 supersonic generator 34 in the second casing 33, the bottom of second tripod 31 is fixed 1 bottom in pond, the vertical setting of axis of second casing 33, the center department at second casing 33 top with the piston connection of hydro-cylinder 32, the top of first tripod 21 with the distance of 1 bottom in pond is 2m, second casing 33 sets up to: when the ultrasonic wave generator moves downwards to the end point, the distance between the bottom of the ultrasonic wave generator and the bottom of the pond 1 is 0.4m, when the ultrasonic wave generator moves upwards to the end point, the distance between the bottom of the ultrasonic wave generator and the bottom of the pond 1 is 1.2m, the up-and-down movement speed of the second shell 33 is 0.5m/s, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kHz;
The distance between the laser emitting device and the ultrasonic generating device is 8 m;
Step two, putting 1 cm-long shrimp seedlings into a culture pond with the water temperature of 28 ℃, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seedlings is 10 ten thousand per mu;
feeding nutrition enhancing materials 1-5 days after the shrimp seedlings are put in;
wherein, the nutrition enhancing material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: a. crushing 100 parts of pigskin and 50 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 18min under the condition of a water bath at 90 ℃, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, adding 0.6 part of pancreatin under the condition of the water bath at 37 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 6h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first zymolyte;
b. crushing 50 parts of flower beans, 50 parts of taros and 20 parts of mung beans, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 25min under the condition of boiling water bath, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding 0.8 part of phytase, 0.5 part of neutral cellulase and 0.8 part of amylase under the condition of 45 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 7h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a second zymolyte;
c. Crushing 100 parts of bean curd residue, 50 parts of carrot, 20 parts of rice and 100 parts of crucian, sterilizing, inoculating bacillus subtilis, culturing at 37 ℃ for 18 hours, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first fermentation product;
d. Uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte and 100 parts of the first zymolyte, adjusting the pH value to 5.8, adding 0.8 part of lipoxidase, placing in a water bath condition at 25 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, and then sterilizing for 50 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain the nutritional agent;
e. uniformly mixing 100 parts of nutritional agent, 10 parts of water, 0.25 part of carrageenan and 0.25 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of opening material, and uniformly mixing;
step four, stopping feeding the opening material at the 6 th day after the shrimp seedlings are put in, and feeding the opening material with the body building material for 30 days;
wherein the body building material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: i, crushing 100 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of diatom and 10 parts of green algae, adding 5 parts of peanut kernels, adding 100 parts of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 4.2, adding 20 parts of glucoamylase under the condition of a water bath at 62 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 8 hours, cooling, adding 10 parts of monascus and 10 parts of gluconobacter oxydans, culturing for 24 hours under the condition of 30 ℃, and sterilizing to obtain a second fermentation product;
II, uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte, 50 parts of the second zymolyte, 5 parts of honey, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of juvenile shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
step five, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and feeding for 8 days;
wherein, the meat-increasing material specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath at 85 ℃, taking out and adding 1000 parts of medium shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
Step six, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and feeding the mixture to salvage to the upper bank;
the protein contents of the opening feed, the young shrimp feed and the medium shrimp feed are 42%, 40% and 32% respectively;
after feeding nutrition enhancing materials, body building materials or body building materials and meat enhancing materials each time, starting the waterproof motor 22 and the laser emitter 24, continuously working for 50s, then closing the waterproof motor, the laser emitter 24, waiting for 70min, starting the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34, and continuously working for 2min, then closing the waterproof motor and the laser emitter;
starting the waterproof motor 22 and the laser emitter 24 at 4:30 a.m. every day, closing after continuously working for 50s, and starting the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34 at 10:30 a.m. every day, and closing after continuously working for 2 min;
And 5, culturing for 65 days and fishing out of shore.
< comparative example 1>
The culture method is the same as that of the embodiment 3, wherein the difference is that the waterproof motor 22, the laser emitter 24, the oil cylinder 32 and the ultrasonic generator 34 are not started in the whole culture process, and the water is cultured for 65 days and then fished ashore.
< comparative example 2>
The culture method is the same as that of the embodiment 3, wherein the steps three to six are different, except that the steps three to six are fed with common starter feed, young shrimp feed and medium shrimp feed, and are not fed with nutrition enhancing feed, body building feed and meat enhancing feed, and the feed is cultured for 65 days and fished ashore.
< detection of culture results >
the growth conditions of the penaeus vannamei boone in each pond 1 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 growth parameter table for Penaeus vannamei Boone
as can be seen from table 1, the bait coefficients of the penaeus vannamei boone cultured in the examples 1 to 3 are 0.63 to 0.66, and the bait coefficients of the methods in the comparative examples 1 and 2 are 0.76 and 0.79, respectively, which indicates that the bait coefficients of the penaeus vannamei boone can be significantly reduced by adding the nutrition enhancing material, the body building material and the meat enhancing material and performing laser treatment and ultrasonic treatment in the whole culture process, and the survival rate and the yield per mu are effectively improved, and the penaeus vannamei boone is significantly heavier and larger in individual and has high market acceptance within the same culture time;
compared with the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, the nutrition enhancing material, the body building material and the meat enhancing material can more effectively reduce the bait coefficient of the cultured penaeus vannamei boone and improve the survival rate, and the laser treatment and the ultrasonic treatment can more effectively accelerate the growth of the penaeus vannamei boone.
while embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone with low bait coefficient is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one, 1 aerator is arranged in each mu of a pond after disinfection treatment, a laser emitting device is arranged in 2 every 300m, an ultrasonic generating device is arranged in 2 every 100m, water is fed to enable the water depth to be 1-1.5 m, the pH value is adjusted to be 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40 cm;
the laser emitting device comprises a first tripod, a waterproof motor fixed to the top of the first tripod, a cylindrical transparent first shell located right below the waterproof motor, and a laser emitter arranged in the first shell in a sealing mode, wherein the bottom of the first tripod is fixed to the bottom of the pond, the center of the top of the first shell is connected with an output shaft of the waterproof motor and the output shaft is arranged vertically, the distance between the bottom of the first shell and the bottom of the pond is 0.5m, and the distance between the top of the first tripod and the bottom of the pond is larger than 1.8 m;
ultrasonic wave generating device includes the second tripod, fixes the hydro-cylinder at second tripod top, be located cylindric second casing and sealed setting under the hydro-cylinder are in supersonic generator in the second casing, the bottom of second tripod is fixed pond bottom, the vertical setting of axis of second casing, the center department at second casing top with the piston connection of hydro-cylinder, the top of first tripod with the distance of pond bottom is greater than 1.8m, the second casing sets up to: when the pond moves downwards to the terminal point, the distance between the bottom of the pond and the bottom of the pond is 0.4m, and when the pond moves upwards to the terminal point, the distance between the bottom of the pond and the bottom of the pond is 1.2 m;
step two, putting shrimp seeds with the length of 0.8-1.2 cm into a culture pond with the water temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seeds is 8-12 ten thousand tails per mu;
feeding nutrition enhancing materials 1-5 days after the shrimp seedlings are put in;
wherein, the nutrition enhancing material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: a. crushing 100 parts of pigskin and 50 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 15-20 min under the condition of a water bath at 90 ℃, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, adding 0.6 part of pancreatin under the condition of the water bath at 37 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 6h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first zymolyte;
b. crushing 50 parts of flower beans, 50 parts of taros and 20 parts of mung beans, adding 200 parts of water, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 20-30 min under the condition of boiling water bath, cooling, adjusting the pH value to 6, adding 0.8 part of phytase, 0.5 part of neutral cellulase and 0.8 part of amylase under the condition of 45 ℃ water bath, stirring for enzymolysis for 7h, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a second zymolyte;
c. crushing 100 parts of bean curd residue, 50 parts of carrot, 20 parts of rice and 100 parts of crucian, sterilizing, inoculating bacillus subtilis, culturing at 37 ℃ for 18 hours, and refrigerating at 4 ℃ to obtain a first fermentation product;
d. uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte and 100 parts of first ferment, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, adding 0.8 part of lipoxidase, placing in a water bath at 25 ℃, stirring for 6 hours, and then sterilizing for 50 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain a nutritional agent;
e. uniformly mixing 100 parts of nutritional agent, 10 parts of water, 0.25 part of carrageenan and 0.25 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of opening material, and uniformly mixing;
step four, stopping feeding the opening material at the 6 th day after the shrimp seeds are put in, and feeding for 20-35 days by using the body building material;
wherein the body building material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: crushing 100 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of diatom and 10 parts of green algae, adding 5 parts of peanut kernels, adding 100 parts of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 4.0-4.5, adding 20 parts of saccharifying enzyme under the water bath condition of 60-65 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 8 hours, cooling, adding 10 parts of monascus and 10 parts of gluconobacter oxydans, culturing for 24 hours under the condition of 30 ℃, and sterilizing to obtain a second fermented product;
II, uniformly mixing 100 parts of the first zymolyte, 100 parts of the second zymolyte, 50 parts of the second zymolyte, 5 parts of honey, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath condition at 85 ℃, taking out, adding 1000 parts of juvenile shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
step five, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and feeding for 6-10 days;
wherein, the meat-increasing material specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 100 parts of first zymolyte, 100 parts of second zymolyte, 5 parts of compound vitamin, 0.5 part of carrageenan and 0.5 part of beta-cyclodextrin in a water bath at 85 ℃, taking out and adding 1000 parts of medium shrimp feed, and uniformly mixing;
step six, uniformly mixing the body building material and the meat enhancing material according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and feeding the mixture to salvage to the upper bank;
after feeding a nutrition enhancing material, a health enhancing material or a health enhancing material and a meat enhancing material, starting the waterproof motor and the laser emitter, continuously working for 40-60 s, then closing, waiting for 1-1.5 h, starting the oil cylinder and the ultrasonic generator, and continuously working for 1-3 min, then closing;
starting the waterproof motor and the laser emitter at 4: 00-5: 00 a.m. every day, closing after continuously working for 40-60 s, and starting the oil cylinder and the ultrasonic generator at 10: 00-11: 00 a.m. every day, and closing after continuously working for 1-3 min.
2. the method for cultivating penaeus vannamei boone with a low bait coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating speed of the first shell is 60r/min, and the speed of the second shell moving up and down is 0.5 m/s.
3. The method for cultivating penaeus vannamei boone with a low bait coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the top of the first tripod and the bottom of the pond and the distance between the top of the second tripod and the bottom of the pond are both 2 m.
4. the method for culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone with a low bait index as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protein contents of the starter feed, the young shrimp feed and the medium shrimp feed are 42%, 40% and 32%, respectively.
5. the penaeus vannamei farming method with a low bait coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the laser emitting device and the ultrasonic generating device is more than 5 m.
6. the method for breeding penaeus vannamei boone with low bait coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic waves is 20 kHz.
7. the penaeus vannamei farming method with a low bait coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the laser is 1.064 μm.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3685489A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-08-22 | Ocean Protein Corp | Method of and tank for hatching crustacea |
| GB1335572A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1973-10-31 | Ocean Protein Corp | Method and apparatus for growing crustaceans |
| CN104737953A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 深圳市龙科源水产养殖有限公司 | Synchronous decortication method for lobsters |
| CN104756903A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-07-08 | 莆田市汇丰食品工业有限公司 | Intensified high-efficient cultivating method of prawns |
| CN106561519A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-04-19 | 防城港市鑫润养殖有限公司 | Culturing method for high immunity shrimps |
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2017
- 2017-05-26 CN CN201710386694.0A patent/CN107047475B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3685489A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-08-22 | Ocean Protein Corp | Method of and tank for hatching crustacea |
| GB1335572A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1973-10-31 | Ocean Protein Corp | Method and apparatus for growing crustaceans |
| CN104756903A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-07-08 | 莆田市汇丰食品工业有限公司 | Intensified high-efficient cultivating method of prawns |
| CN104737953A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 深圳市龙科源水产养殖有限公司 | Synchronous decortication method for lobsters |
| CN106561519A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-04-19 | 防城港市鑫润养殖有限公司 | Culturing method for high immunity shrimps |
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