CN107046859B - 壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法，以野生小风艾植株为材料，采用生根剂促进小风艾根部生长发育，使根系发达，根数量多，为芽诱导提供物质保障。使用促芽剂进行催芽处理，促芽剂CPPU是一种具有很强生物活性物质，通过NAA作用调节愈伤组织形态建成，CPPU具有诱导愈伤组织生长、同时还能促进芽的发育作用，从而增加跟诱导出芽的数量。生根剂中IBA具有诱导出不定根作用，处理过的芽生根率为100%，只是由于各处理的IBA浓度不同，根的数量有差别，苗移栽后的成活率为100%。本方法操作简单，生产成本低；该方法不仅促进小风艾植株的生长，还可获得大量的小风艾种苗，为小风艾人工栽培提供保障，从而缓解小风艾市场需求与野生资源之间矛盾。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物无性繁殖领域，具体是壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法。
技术背景
小风艾中文名长叶阔苞菊，为菊科阔苞菊属多年生植物。其地上部分采收后晒干药用，性微辛、凉，具有祛风止痛、活血调经等功效，用于风湿关节炎、跌打肿痛、月经不调、痛经等症，为壮族民间用药，也是中成药痛肿灵主要成分。
小风艾主要分布于广西南部和云南南部，范围窄，野生蕴藏量少；由于药效显著，为许多跌打类药品的主要成分，市场需求量大，野生资源遭到掠夺式采集，到了濒临灭绝边缘，以该药为主要原料的中成药也面临缺乏原料而被迫停产的尴尬境地。开展人工种植是缓解小风艾原料缺乏的有效解决措施。
人工种植面临的首要问题就是种苗问题，没有种苗，种植就成了“无米之炊”。由于小风艾是菊科的种子比较小，不仅成熟时间不一致、成熟了易洒落等特点，导致种子采集比较困难，通过种子播种繁殖种苗有一定难度。
发明内容
为了解决小风艾人工种植中的种苗问题，本发明以野生小风艾植株为材料，在小风艾生长期以生根液浇灌其根部，增加根的数量和活力。在小风艾地上部分采收之后，将植株挖出，抖掉粘在根部的泥土，将根部浸泡于促芽液中，诱导根长芽。将处理过植株的根部埋于沙子中培养，保持沙子湿润，待小芽长到5 cm以上，将小芽从根部取下，基部浸泡生根液中进行不定根诱导，在沙子中培养，直到芽高为7 cm以上、根数为2条以上，即可出苗。该方法简单易行，可以在短时间内获得大量小风艾种苗，为小风艾人工栽培提供种苗保障。
本发明壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）以野生小风艾植株为材料，在野生环境里，分别在2月、3月、4月、5月晴朗天气的下午，每月1次以生根剂1号液浇灌根部，之后24 h不能浇水；
所述生根剂1号液为：NAA 50～500 mg/L + IAA 100～1000 mg/L + 6-BA 10～50mg/L，pH 7.0；
（2）在10月份，小风艾地上部分采收后，将植株整株挖起，抖去根部的泥土，观察生根剂处理过的根数量和根生长情况，将根部浸泡于促芽剂1号液中2 h，用清水清洗根部，将根部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，保持沙子湿润，环境湿度为80%；12 d～15 d根的表面开始形成突起，18 d～23 d后这些突起陆续长出小芽，观测芽数量和长势；
所述促芽剂1号液为：CPPU 2～20mg/L+NAA 1～5mg/L+3% DMSO，pH 7.0；
（3）当小芽长到5 cm高时，将芽从根部取下，基部浸泡于生根剂2号液中1 h，用清水冲洗，芽基部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，沙子保持湿润，环境湿度为80%，50 d统计，小苗平均根数约为3.1～5.2条，平均高为7.2～7.9 cm，观察苗的长势；
所述生根剂2号液为：IBA 50～300mg/L，pH 7.0。
所述生根剂中，NAA为萘乙酸，IAA为吲哚-3-乙酸，IBA为吲哚丁酸，6-BA为苄氨基嘌呤；所述促芽剂中，CPPU为氯吡苯脲，DMSO为二甲基亚砜；试剂均为分析纯，水为超纯水。
本发明壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法，在将野生小风艾植株移栽到室内沙培过程中发现，在其根上长出一些小芽，每个小芽基部会少量的根系，可以长成独立的植株。所以用生根剂处理小风艾野生植株的根部，增加不定根数量和活力，从而为增加芽的数量提供保障。生根剂1号液中的NAA和IAA调节愈伤组织的形态建成和不定根的形成，6-BA促进细胞分裂，增加不定根的数量和根系活力。小风艾的地上部分采收后，以促芽剂浸泡根部，诱导根上长出大量的芽。促芽剂1号液中的NAA调节愈伤组织的形态建成，CPPU具有诱导愈伤组织生长、促进芽的发育作用，其活性远远高于一般嘌呤类细胞分裂素，DMSO具有极强的渗透性，有助于NAA与CPPU向根细胞中渗透，直接作用于小风艾的根系细胞，促使根诱导出大量的芽。小风艾根上的小芽取下来后，使用生根2号液对芽的基部进行浸泡处理，生根2号液中的IBA具有促进枝芽的不定根发生作用，促进芽基部长根，提高成活率。由于小风艾生长环境的pH值为中性或稍微偏碱性，为了使植株能更好生长，也考虑植物生长调节剂的功效发挥，因此生根剂和促芽剂的pH值为7。
本发明的优点：本方法操作简单，生产成本低；该方法不仅促进小风艾植株的生长，还可获得大量的小风艾种苗，为小风艾人工栽培提供保障，从而缓解小风艾市场需求与野生资源之间矛盾。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明内容作进一步的说明，但不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）以野生小风艾植株为材料，在野生环境里，分别在2月、3月、4月、5月晴朗天气的下午，每月1次以生根剂1号液浇灌根部，以纯净水为对照，之后24 h不能浇水；
所述生根剂1号液为：NAA 50 mg/L + IAA 100 mg/L + 6-BA 10 mg/L，pH 7.0；
（2）在10月份，小风艾地上部分采收后，将植株整株挖起，抖去根部的泥土，观察发现，该生根剂处理过的根数比对照多，但根系不算发达，根较细长，将根部浸泡于促芽剂1号液中2 h，用清水清洗根部，将根部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，保持沙子湿润，环境湿度为80%；15d后，处理过的小风艾根部突起，20 d后陆续长出一些小芽，芽较弱；
所述促芽剂1号液为：CPPU 2 mg/L+ NAA 1 mg/L+3% DMSO，pH 7.0；
（3）当小风艾根上的芽长到为5 cm以上，把芽从根部取下，将芽基部浸泡于生根剂2号液中1 h，用清水冲洗芽基部，将芽基部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，保持湿润，环境湿度为80%以上，50 d时统计，小苗平均根数为3.1条、平均高为7.2 cm，苗较弱；
所述生根剂2号液为：IBA 50 mg/L，pH 7.0。
实施例2
（1）以野生小风艾植株为材料，在野生环境里，分别在2月、3月、4月、5月晴朗天气的下午，每月1次以生根剂1号液浇灌根部，之后24 h不能浇水；
所述生根剂1号液为：NAA 500 mg/L + IAA 1000 mg/L + 6-BA 50 mg/L，pH 7.0；
（2）在10月份，小风艾地上部分采收后，将植株整株挖起，抖去根部的泥土，观察发现，该生根剂处理过的根数量比较多，根系比较发达，但根较粗短，将根部浸泡于促芽剂1号液中2 h，用清水清洗根部，将根埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，保持沙子湿润，环境湿度为80%；14 d根上形成许多小突起，20 d陆续长出小芽，芽较多，较壮；
所述促芽剂1号液为：CPPU 20 mg/L+ NAA 5 mg/L+3% DMSO，pH 7.0；
（3）当小风艾根上的芽长为5 cm时，把芽从根部取下，将芽基部浸泡于生根剂2号液中1 h，用清水冲洗基部，将芽基部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，沙子保持湿润，环境湿度为80%，50 d时统计，小苗平均根数约为4.4条，平均高约为7.5，苗较壮；
所述生根剂2号液为：IBA 300mg/L，pH 7.0。
实施例3
（1）以野生小风艾植株为材料，在野生环境里，分别在2月、3月、4月、5月晴朗天气的下午，每月1次以生根剂1号液浇灌根部，之后24 h不能浇水；
所述生根剂1号液为：NAA 300 mg/L + IAA 500 mg/L + 6-BA 30 mg/L，pH 7.0；
（2）在10月份，小风艾地上部分采收后，将植株整株挖起，抖去根部的泥土，据观察发现，该生根剂处理过的根数量多，根粗细适中，根系发达，将根部浸泡于促芽剂1号液中2h，用清水清洗根部，将根部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，保持沙子湿润，环境湿度为80%；12d根的表面开始形成突起，18 d后这些突起陆续长出小芽，芽数量多，芽较壮；
所述促芽剂1号液为：CPPU 10 mg/L+ NAA 3 mg/L+3% DMSO，pH 7.0；
（3）当小芽长到5 cm高时，将芽从根部取下，基部浸泡于生根剂2号液中1 h，用清水冲洗，芽基部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，沙子保持湿润，环境湿度为80%，50 d统计，小苗平均根数约为5.2条，平均高为7.9 cm，苗壮，叶色青绿；
所述生根剂2号液为：IBA 100 mg/L，pH 7.0。
Claims (1)
1.壮药小风艾以根繁育种苗的方法，其特征是包括以下步骤：
（1）以野生小风艾植株为材料，在野生环境里，分别在2月、3月、4月、5月晴朗天气的下午，每月1次以生根剂1号液浇灌根部，之后24 h不能浇水；
所述生根剂1号液为：NAA 300 mg/L + IAA 500 mg/L + 6-BA 30 mg/L，pH 7.0；
（2）在10月份，小风艾地上部分采收后，将植株整株挖起，抖去根部的泥土，据观察生根剂处理过的根数量和根生长情况，将根部浸泡于促芽剂1号液中2 h，用清水清洗根部，将根部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，保持沙子湿润，环境湿度为80%；12 d～15 d根的表面开始形成突起，18 d～23 d后这些突起陆续长出小芽，观测芽数量和长势；
所述促芽剂1号液为：CPPU 10 mg/L+ NAA 3 mg/L+3% DMSO，pH 7.0；
（3）当小芽长到5 cm高时，将芽从根部取下，基部浸泡于生根剂2号液中1 h，用清水冲洗，芽基部埋于沙子中，在沙床上培养，沙子保持湿润，环境湿度为80%，50 d统计，小苗平均根数为3.1～5.2条，平均高为7.2～7.9 cm，观察苗的长势；
所述生根剂2号液为：IBA 100 mg/L，pH 7.0。
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