CN107027759A - 一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂及其制备方法,该新型复合防霉保护剂原料以重量百分比计为纳他霉素0.001~0.003%,DBNPA 0.001~0.002%,脱氢醋酸钠0.025~0.04%,余量为去离子水,本发明提供的复合防霉剂利用各组分的协同增效作用,大幅提高了其防霉抗菌性能,同时对膜元件的性能无影响,解决了当前膜元件使用的防霉保护剂抗菌效果不明显、制备复杂、成本高等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及湿式反渗透膜元件的安全保存技术领域,具体涉及一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
反渗透技术是目前较为先进和节能的膜分离技术,其对水中的胶体、微生物、溶解盐类的去除率高达97%,已被广泛应用在化工、医疗、食品、海水淡化及物质浓缩分离等领域;反渗透膜元件分为干膜和湿膜,由于真空包装过程中的包装质量不合格及运输及存放的外界环境不良,常引起湿式膜元件投入系统应用之前发霉,引起膜元件发霉的微生物的种类繁多,且不同品种的微生物对药物的敏感性也不一样,某些药物对不同品种的微生物具有一定的专一性,因此,单纯依靠一种药物来解决湿式反渗透膜元件的霉腐问题是不能真正解决膜元件的发霉问题。现有的一些防霉技术亦存在着使用原料多、制备工艺复杂、防霉抗菌效果差等特点。
如CN106215706A公开了一种抗有机物污染的反渗透膜阻垢剂及其制备和应用方法,其是由如下重量百分比的原料制成的:10~40%的有机磷、5~20%的磺酸基共聚物、1~20%的羧酸类聚合物、5~30%的异噻唑啉酮、1~5%的浓硫酸、5~20%的DBNPA和10~40%的去离子水;制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)依次向反应釜中加入去离子水、有机磷、磺酸基共聚物和羧酸类聚合物,控制反应釜内的温度为30~45℃,搅拌混合30分钟;(2)向反应釜中缓慢滴加浓硫酸,使得反应釜内的混合溶液的PH值小于4,滴加时控制反应釜内的温度为40~45℃;(3)将反应釜内的温度降至25~30℃,依次向反应釜中加入异噻唑啉酮和DBNPA,搅拌混合15~30分钟后,放料、过滤即得。该方法制备的原料中使用了有毒的有机磷,增加了制备过程中的危险系数,而且浓硫酸;同时原料种类较多,生产制备工艺要求较高,且步骤繁琐,生产成本较高。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其配方由纳他霉素、DBNPA、脱氢醋酸钠、去离子水组成,各组分以重量百分比计为纳他霉素0.001~0.003%,DBNPA0.001~0.002%,脱氢醋酸钠0.01~0.04%,余量为去离子水。
优选的,以重量百分比计为纳他霉素0.001~0.002%,DBNPA0.001~0.0015%,脱氢醋酸钠0.01~0.02%,余量为去离子水。
最佳的,以重量百分比计为纳他霉素0.002~0.003%,DBNPA0.0015~0.002%,脱氢醋酸钠0.02~0.04%,余量为去离子水。
所述的纳他霉素为食品卫生级。
所述的DBNPA为工业级固体粉末。
所述的脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
纳他霉素(Natamycin)是一种由链霉菌发酵产生的天然抗真菌化合物,属于多烯大环内酯类,既可以广泛有效的抑制各种霉菌、酵母菌的生长,又能抑制真菌毒素的产生,可广泛用于食品防腐保鲜以及抗真菌治疗。纳他霉素--近白色或奶油黄色结晶粉末。是一种无臭、无味,低剂量且安全性高的食品防腐剂。纳他霉素(Natamycin),是由纳他链霉菌受控发酵制得一种白色至乳白色的无臭无味的结晶粉末,通常以烯醇式结构存在。它的作用机理是与真菌的麦角甾醇以及其他甾醇基团结合,阻遏麦角甾醇生物合成,从而使细胞膜畸变,最终导致渗漏,引起细胞死亡。在焙烤食品用纳他霉素对面团进行表面处理,有明显的延长保质期作用。
DBNPA是一种广谱高效的工业杀菌剂,用来防止细菌和藻类在造纸、工业循环冷却水、金属加工用润滑油、纸浆、木材、涂料和胶合板中的生长繁殖,同时可做粘泥控制剂,广泛用于造纸厂纸浆和循环冷却水系统。作为广谱高效的杀生剂,能迅速穿透微生物的细胞膜,并作用于一定的蛋白集团,使细胞的正常氧化还原中止,从而引起细胞死亡。同时,它的分支还可以选择性的溴化或氧化微生物的特殊酶代谢物,最终导致微生物死亡。本品具有良好的剥离性能,使用时无泡沫,液体产品与水可任意比互溶,低毒。
脱氢乙酸钠是继苯甲酸钠、尼泊金、山梨酸钾之后又一代新的食品防腐保鲜剂,对霉菌、酵母菌、细菌具有很好的抑制作用,广泛应用与饮料、食品、饲料的加工业,可延长存放期,避免霉变损失。其作用机理是有效渗透到细胞体内,抑制微生物的呼吸作用,从而达到防腐防霉保鲜保湿等作用。
脱氢乙酸钠盐具有广谱的抗菌能力,对霉菌和酵母的抗菌能力尤强,脱氢乙酸钠盐对引起食品腐败的酵母菌、霉菌作用极强,抑制有效浓度为0.05%-0.1%,一般用量为0.03%-0.05%。
主要用于腐乳、酱菜、果酱(最大用量0.3g/Kg);汤料、糕点和干酪、奶油、人造奶油等(最大用量0.5g/Kg);在盐渍蔬菜中最大用量为0.3g/Kg(参见GBP70)。
脱氢乙酸钠耐光耐热效果好,而且在食品加工过程中不会分解和随水蒸气蒸发,且脱氢醋酸钠几无毒副作用,安全性高,在食品中使用也不产生不正常的异味,所以近年来脱氢醋酸钠普遍受到食品企业的欢迎,在奶油、汤料(调味料、速食汤料)、面包、蛋糕、糕点、蛋黄派、腐乳酱菜、果浆、浓缩果浆、月饼、馅料、豆沙、莲蓉等广泛应用。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明制备的新型复合型防霉保护剂,通过一定的配比,利用了纳他霉素、DBNPA、脱氢醋酸钠各组分间的协同作用,大幅提高了膜元件的防霉抗菌性能,同时对膜元件的性能无影响,在使用的时候,只需要使用制备好的新型复合型防霉保护剂浸泡膜元件30min,然后沥干封装即可,操作简便,可大批量操作,本发明使用原料简单、制备方法简便,具有生产成本低,防霉抗菌效果好的特点,具有良好的应用价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述,但要求保护的范围并不局限于所述。
实施例1
配方:0.001%,DBNPA 0.001%,脱氢醋酸钠0.015%,去离子水99.983%。
使用的纳他霉素为食品卫生级,DBNPA为工业级固体粉末,脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
制备方法为:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例2
配方:纳他霉素0.0015%,DBNPA 0.0012%,脱氢醋酸钠0.023%,去离子水99.9743%。
使用的纳他霉素为食品卫生级,DBNPA为工业级固体粉末,脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
剂制备方法:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例3
配方:纳他霉素0.002%,DBNPA 0.0015%,脱氢醋酸钠0.028%,去离子水99.9685%。
使用的纳他霉素为食品卫生级,DBNPA为工业级固体粉末,脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
剂制备方法:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例4
配方:纳他霉素0.003%,DBNPA 0.002%,脱氢醋酸钠0.04%,去离子水99.955%。
使用的纳他霉素为食品卫生级,DBNPA为工业级固体粉末,脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
制备方法:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例5
配方:纳他霉素0.001%、DBNPA0.001%、脱氢醋酸钠0.01%,去离子水99.988%。
使用的纳他霉素为食品卫生级,DBNPA为工业级固体粉末,脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
制备方法:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
对相同的两个膜元件分别编号为1#、2#,使用上述防霉保护剂进行浸泡处理30min,比较处理前后防霉保护剂对膜元件性能的影响。
表1防霉保护剂处理前后对膜元件性能的影响
从上表的数据可以看出,处理前后膜通量、NaCl去除率基本没有变化,表明该防霉保护剂对膜元件的性能无影响。
实例6
防霉保护剂配方:纳他霉素0.002%、DBNPA0.0015%、脱氢醋酸钠0.025%,去离子水99.9715%。
使用的纳他霉素为食品卫生级,DBNPA为工业级固体粉末,脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
制备方法:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;在向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀即得。
1防霉抗菌实验
选择两个麦芽汁琼脂培养基,分别编号为1#、2#,1#加上防霉保护剂,2#无其他处理,在相同条件下作对照,培养14d,比较处理前后该防霉保护剂的防霉抗菌效果。
表2防霉保护剂防霉抗菌效果对比
结果显示,用本发明的保护剂处理过的培养基抗霉菌生长可以长达2周以上,没有处理过的培养基3天后长出许多霉菌。
2对膜元件性能影响的实验
对相同的两个膜元件分别编号为1#、2#,使用上述防霉保护剂进行浸泡处理30min,,比较处理前后防霉保护剂对膜元件性能的影响。
表3防霉保护剂处理前后对膜元件性能的影响
从上表的数据可以看出,处理前后膜通量、NaCl去除率基本没有变化,表明该防霉保护剂对膜元件的性能基本无影响。
3处理后膜元件防霉抗菌效果实验
将2中处理后的两个膜元件与未经防霉处理的膜元件(编号为3#)置于室内相同环境下14d进行对比,观察其防霉抗菌效果。
表4处理后膜元件防霉抗菌效果
从上表可以看出,膜元件处理前后其防霉抗菌效果有极大的改善,未经处理时放置3d后出现了大量的霉菌,放置8d后膜元件大部分出现了霉菌,14d时已布满霉菌,而经过处理后的膜元件放置8d后才出现极小的菌落,实验结束时菌落大小为0.4-0.5cm,相比具有明显的防霉抗菌效果,表明将纳他霉素、DBNPA、脱氢醋酸钠、去离子水按一定的比例,经一定的加工方法制成后各组分发挥了协同效果,具有极强的抗菌性。
Claims (8)
1.一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:原料包括纳他霉素、DBNPA、脱氢醋酸钠、去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:原料以重量百分比计为纳他霉素0.001~0.003%,DBNPA0.001~0.002%,脱氢醋酸钠0.01~0.04%,余量为去离子水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:原料以重量百分比计为纳他霉素0.001~0.002%,DBNPA0.001~0.0015%,脱氢醋酸钠0.01~0.02%,余量为去离子水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:原料以重量百分比为纳他霉素0.002~0.003%,DBNPA0.0015~0.002%,脱氢醋酸钠0.02~0.04%,余量为去离子水。
5.根据权利1所述的反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:所述的纳他霉素为食品卫生级。
6.根据权利要求1所述的反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:所述的DBNPA为工业级固体粉末。
7.根据权利要求1所述的反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂,其特征在于:所述的脱氢醋酸钠为食品卫生级。
8.根据权利要求1所述的反渗透膜的新型复合防霉保护剂制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:在容器中依次加入所述比例的去离子水、纳他霉素及DBNPA,搅拌均匀;再向容器中加入所述比例的脱氢醋酸钠,搅拌均匀得到的溶液即为本发明的新型保护剂。
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