CN107022300B - 一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107022300B
CN107022300B CN201710164254.0A CN201710164254A CN107022300B CN 107022300 B CN107022300 B CN 107022300B CN 201710164254 A CN201710164254 A CN 201710164254A CN 107022300 B CN107022300 B CN 107022300B
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王冠华
陈江韩
梁慧
雷永乾
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Institute Of Testing And Analysis Guangdong Academy Of Sciences Guangzhou Analysis And Testing Center China
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料,包括A组分和B组分,A、B组分的质量比为1~1.3:1;A组分包括以下:锌铝粉总量:20~32wt%,润湿剂:15~25wt%,分散剂:1‑5wt%,纳米SiO2:0.5~1.5wt%;B组分包括以下:有机硅树脂乳液:15~25wt%,去离子水:20~30wt%,缓蚀剂:0.5~1.0wt%,增稠剂:0.05~0.5wt%,附着力促进剂:1‑5wt%,消泡剂:0.05‑0.5wt%,成膜助剂、流平剂和光亮剂总量为:0.05‑0.5wt%;本发明所述涂料中的VOCs含量极低,绿色环保、耐高温、附着力强、耐蚀性好、耐中性盐雾能力≥720h。

Description

一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术:
锌铝涂层(达克罗涂层)的高效防护性能主要依赖涂层中的含量大、毒性强的六价铬,由于六价铬在各国的使用已受到越来越严格的限制,如欧盟在2006年7月明确规定出口欧盟的电子电气设备中禁止使用六价铬,此项规定成为我国产品出口欧盟的技术壁垒。无铬锌铝涂层是一种具有防腐蚀性能的涂层,由于其不含六价铬,实现了清洁生产,因此作为达克罗的替代品已逐渐被广泛接受。目前常用的锌铝涂料是用硅烷偶联剂代替铬酐,用丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂以及酚醛树脂的加入来改善涂料性能,提高涂料耐腐蚀性。
纳米微粒加入到表面涂层中,对于涂层性能的改善有着显著的作用,例如纳米SiO2颗粒加入到不同的材料中可以起到耐老化、增强作用、耐磨作用等。文献《纳米SiO2改性环氧涂层的防腐性能》中发现当涂料中添加含量为2%的纳米颗粒SiO2时,涂层的耐蚀性达到最好。文献《二氧化硅纳米微粒对达克罗涂层性能的影响》中,向其中加入纳米SiO2后涂层的硬度提高了约1H,耐磨性和耐腐蚀性也有一定提高。专利《纳米改性无铬锌铝涂料及其制备方法》中是以聚酰亚胺树脂和钛酸酯偶联剂为粘结剂的水性锌铝涂料体系,向其中加入1wt%以下的纳米SiO2和Al2O3时,可使涂层的致密性及疏水性增强,能明显提高涂层的硬度、耐蚀性及抗磨损能力。
锌铝涂料中常用的片状锌铝粉在高温烘烤时(200℃以上)可与金属基底形成合金层从而提高防腐效果,而常用的粘结剂如丙烯酸树脂、钛酸酯等难以耐高温;硅烷偶联剂系列在水解后短时间内形成硅醇键,可与金属基底可形成致密的-Si-O-M-键,能起到优良的粘结效果,但硅醇键随时间的延长会发生自交联,从而导致粘稠度增加、粘结作用减弱、涂料失效。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料及其制备方法,所述涂料中的挥发性有机物VOCs含量极低,绿色环保、耐高温、附着力强、色泽亮度高、耐蚀性好、耐中性盐雾能力≥720h,耐磨性好,可长期保存。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料,包括A组分和B组分,A、B两组分的质量比为1~1.3:1;按质量百分比计,A组分包括以下成分:锌铝粉总量:20~32wt%,润湿剂:15~25wt%,分散剂:1-5wt%,纳米SiO2:0.5~1.5wt%;按质量百分比计,B组分包括以下成分:有机硅树脂乳液:15~25wt%,去离子水:20~30wt%,缓蚀剂:0.5~1.0wt%,增稠剂:0.05~0.5wt%,附着力促进剂:1-5wt%,消泡剂:0.05-0.5wt%,成膜助剂、流平剂和光亮剂总量为:0.05-0.5wt%。其中A组分锌铝粉中锌粉、铝粉的质量比为3.5~4.5:1,润湿剂为乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二丙二醇、异丙醇中的一种或两种;分散剂为吐温-20、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-10)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)中的一种;B组分有机硅树脂选自苯甲基硅树脂、硅酮树脂中的一种或两种;缓蚀剂为钼酸钠、磷钼酸钠、钨酸钠、磷钨酸钠中的一种;增稠剂为羟乙基纤维素、纤维素醚、缔合型碱溶胀增稠剂、聚氨酯增稠剂中的一种或两种;附着力促进剂为聚氨酯型附着力促进剂;消泡剂为水性有机硅或聚氨酯消泡剂中的一种;成膜助剂为聚氨酯成膜助剂。
特别地,所述锌铝粉呈鳞片状,厚度为0.1~0.3μm,粒径为10~25μm;纳米SiO2粒径为15-20nm。
所述水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料的制备方法包括以下步骤:将A组分中的锌铝粉、润湿剂、分散剂、纳米SiO2按配比混合后倒入研磨机研磨30-60分钟;然后加入B组分中各组分,A、B两组分的质量比为1~1.3:1,机械搅拌5-10小时,制得水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料。
所述水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料在涂覆时将A、B两组分混合即可,在欲防腐的处理过的金属基体材料上浸涂处理所述水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料,烘烤温度250~300℃之间,用二涂二烘工艺,两涂后膜厚≤15μm,耐中性盐雾能力≥720h。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明使用苯甲基硅树脂、硅酮树脂中的一种或两种为粘结剂,可避免铬酐中的重金属铬带来的污染,同时可耐300℃高温、附着力强,解决了采用其他类树脂的高温分解发黄的问题,也解决了硅氧烷粘结剂的不易储存的问题;
(2)本发明纳米SiO2粉末既可做高温粘结剂来填补涂层的空隙,又可提高涂层的硬度和耐磨性;附着力促进剂可提高涂液的附着力;所用的增稠剂可有效防止涂液的分层;
(3)本发明制得的涂液在两涂膜厚≤15μm时,附着力可达1级,耐中性盐雾能力≥720h,性能优于同类别的含铬锌铝防腐涂料或油性锌铝涂料;
(4)本发明提供的水性无铬锌铝涂料不含低沸点有机溶剂,挥发性有机物VOCs含量极低,在涂装过程中对人体及环境危害极小,符合绿色环保涂料的发展趋势。
总之,本发明所述涂料中的VOCs含量极低,绿色环保、耐高温、附着力强、色泽亮度高、耐蚀性好、耐中性盐雾能力≥720h、耐磨性好,可长期保存。
具体实施方式:
以下是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
提供的防腐涂料由A、B两组分混合而成,A、B两组分的质量比为1.17∶1,其中,A组分由锌粉、铝粉、纳米SiO2、润湿剂以及分散剂组成,锌铝粉呈鳞片状,其平均粒径为10~25μm,厚度为0.1~0.3μm;纳米SiO2粉末的粒径为15~20nm,润湿剂为二丙二醇;分散剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-10)。具体组成为锌粉24wt%,铝粉6wt%,润湿剂:18wt%,分散剂:5wt%,纳米SiO2:1wt%。
B组分由有机硅树脂的乳液、去离子水、缓蚀剂、增稠剂、附着力促进剂、消泡剂、成膜助剂组成,其中有机硅乳液为苯甲基硅树脂,加入量为23wt%,去离子水占20wt%,缓蚀剂1.0wt%,增稠剂0.4wt%,附着力促进剂1wt%,消泡剂0.5wt%,成膜助剂、流平剂和光亮剂总量0.1wt%。具体操作步骤:先将锌粉、铝粉、纳米SiO2、润湿剂、分散剂研磨1小时,然后倒入B组分,机械搅拌10小时得到所述水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料。
由本实施例制成的无铬金属防腐涂料不含低沸点有机溶剂,挥发性有机物VOCs含量约为24%,且可耐300℃高温,具有较好的防腐性能,在两涂两烘、膜厚厚度约15μm的条件下,所得涂层的耐中性盐雾能力≥720h。
实施例2:
A、B两组分的质量比为1.02:1,A组分组成成分同实施例1,具体组成成分含量为:锌粉为23wt%,铝粉6wt%,润湿剂:16wt%,分散剂:4wt%,纳米SiO2:1.5wt%。
B组分组成成分同实施例1,其中有机硅乳液为苯甲基硅树脂,加入量为24wt%,去离子水占21.5wt%,缓蚀剂:1.0wt%,增稠剂:0.5wt%,附着力促进剂:1.5wt%,消泡剂:0.5wt%,成膜助剂、流平剂和光亮剂总量0.5wt%。
具体操作步骤同实施例1。
由本实施例制成的无铬金属防腐涂料挥发性有机物VOCs含量约为22%,且可耐300℃高温,具有较好的防腐性能,在两涂两烘、膜厚厚度约15μm的条件下,所得涂层的耐中性盐雾能力≥720h。
实施例3
A、B两组分的质量比为1.27∶1,A组分组成成分同实施例1,具体组成成分含量为:锌粉25wt%,铝粉6.5wt%,润湿剂:19wt%,分散剂:5wt%,纳米SiO2:0.5wt%。
B组分组成为:有机硅树脂乳液:20wt%,去离子水:20wt%,缓蚀剂:1.0wt%,增稠剂:0.5wt%,附着力促进剂:2wt%,消泡剂:0.45wt%,成膜助剂、流平剂和光亮剂总量为0.05wt%。将A组分充分研磨后与B组分混合在一起,机械搅拌5~10小时,即得所述水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料。
由本实施例制成的无铬金属防腐涂料挥发性有机物VOCs含量约为27%,且可耐300℃高温,具有较好的防腐性能,在两涂两烘、膜厚厚度约15μm的条件下,所得涂层的耐中性盐雾能力≥720h。

Claims (3)

1.一种水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料,其特征在于,包括A组分和B组分,A、B两组分的质量比为1~1.3:1;A组分包括以下成分:锌铝粉总量:20~32wt%,润湿剂:15~25wt%,分散剂:1-5wt%,纳米SiO2:0.5~1.5wt%;B组分包括以下成分:有机硅树脂乳液:15~25wt%,去离子水:20~30wt%,缓蚀剂:0.5~1.0wt%,增稠剂:0.05~0.5wt%,附着力促进剂:1-5wt%,消泡剂:0.05-0.5wt%,成膜助剂、流平剂和光亮剂总量为:0.05-0.5wt%;其中A组分锌铝粉中锌粉、铝粉的质量比为3.5~4.5:1,润湿剂为乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二丙二醇、异丙醇中的一种;分散剂为吐温-20、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种;B组分有机硅树脂选自苯甲基硅树脂、硅酮树脂中的一种或两种;缓蚀剂为钼酸钠、磷钼酸钠、钨酸钠、磷钨酸钠中的一种;增稠剂为纤维素醚、缔合型碱溶胀增稠剂、聚氨酯增稠剂中的一种或两种;附着力促进剂为聚氨酯型附着力促进剂;消泡剂为水性有机硅或聚氨酯消泡剂中的一种;成膜助剂为聚氨酯成膜助剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料,其特征在于,所述锌铝粉呈鳞片状,厚度为0.1~0.3μm,粒径为10~25μm;纳米SiO2粒径为15-20nm。
3.一种权利要求1所述水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将A组分中的锌铝粉、润湿剂、分散剂、纳米SiO2按配比混合后倒入研磨机研磨30-60分钟;然后加入B组分中各组分,A、B两组分的质量比为1~1.3:1,机械搅拌5-10小时,制得水性无铬锌铝防腐涂料。
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