CN107021978A - 溴甲纳曲酮及其中间体的一种新的制备方法 - Google Patents
溴甲纳曲酮及其中间体的一种新的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107021978A CN107021978A CN201610063235.4A CN201610063235A CN107021978A CN 107021978 A CN107021978 A CN 107021978A CN 201610063235 A CN201610063235 A CN 201610063235A CN 107021978 A CN107021978 A CN 107021978A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- methyl
- acid
- dichloromethane
- methylnaltrexone bromide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- IFGIYSGOEZJNBE-LHJYHSJWSA-N (3s,4r,4as,7ar,12bs)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-3-ium-7-one;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C([N@@+]1(C)[C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@@H]3[C@]4([C@@]2(O)CCC3=O)CC1)C1CC1 IFGIYSGOEZJNBE-LHJYHSJWSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229960002834 methylnaltrexone bromide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- AEILLAXRDHDKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethylcyclopropane Chemical compound BrCC1CC1 AEILLAXRDHDKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 halomethyl cyclopropane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)silicon Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)C(C)C ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopropane Chemical compound C1CC1 LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KTQKOGBTMNDCFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(diphenyl)silicon Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KTQKOGBTMNDCFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 31
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 22
- DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N naltrexone Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CCC5=O)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229960003086 naltrexone Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 15
- INAXVFBXDYWQFN-XHSDSOJGSA-N morphinan Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2[C@]23CCCC[C@H]3[C@@H]1NCC2 INAXVFBXDYWQFN-XHSDSOJGSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001035 methylating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940124636 opioid drug Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGMOBVGABMBZSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)C(Cl)=O DGMOBVGABMBZSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl trifluoromethansulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F OIRDBPQYVWXNSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002921 methylnaltrexone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 241001044369 Amphion Species 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000003840 Opioid Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000137 Opioid Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008499 blood brain barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001218 blood-brain barrier Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- ZVTQWXCKQTUVPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylcyclopropane Chemical compound ClCC1CC1 ZVTQWXCKQTUVPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002086 displacement chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JVLBPIPGETUEET-WIXLDOGYSA-O (3r,4r,4as,7ar,12bs)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-3-ium-7-one Chemical compound C([N@+]1(C)[C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@@H]3[C@]4([C@@]2(O)CCC3=O)CC1)C1CC1 JVLBPIPGETUEET-WIXLDOGYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- AXFDDKKRVFMVHY-OFAZKWMESA-N (4r,4as,7s,7ar,12bs)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxyspiro[2,4,5,6,7a,13-hexahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,5'-imidazolidine]-2',4'-dione Chemical group N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CC[C@]25C(NC(=O)N2)=O)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 AXFDDKKRVFMVHY-OFAZKWMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNENVASJJIUNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tricyclohexyloxy-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OB1OB(OC2CCCCC2)OB(OC2CCCCC2)O1 GNENVASJJIUNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxine Chemical compound C1OOCC=C1 JHUUPUMBZGWODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013954 Dysphoria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000022120 Jeavons syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010027336 Menstruation delayed Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061876 Obstruction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000006278 bromobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- CRIVIYPBVUGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical class CC(C)[SiH2]Cl CRIVIYPBVUGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQPUVGUSDNXNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane;cyclopropane Chemical compound ClC.C1CC1 BOQPUVGUSDNXNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125722 laxative agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PKAUVIXBZJUYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydroiodide Chemical compound C.I PKAUVIXBZJUYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZXGXYBOQYQXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CZXGXYBOQYQXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000051367 mu Opioid Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000003887 narcotic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940127240 opiate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000945 opiatelike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008855 peristalsis Effects 0.000 description 1
- IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl chloride Chemical group ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005985 stomach dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003491 tear gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHYGQXWCZAYSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-chloro-diphenylsilane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MHYGQXWCZAYSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及溴甲纳曲酮及其中间体的一种新的制备方法。所述方法包括以下步骤:氯硅烷保护起始物料Ⅲ的3位酚羟基得到中间体Ⅳ,然后与溴甲基环丙烷缩合得到中间体Ⅴ,再甲基化得到中间体Ⅵ,中间体Ⅵ脱保护得到中间体Ⅶ,最后通过离子交换得到溴甲纳曲酮。本发明制备方法路线短,副产物少,产品纯度高,所用原料易得,价格较低,产品成本低,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物化合物的制备方法,具体涉及制备溴甲纳曲酮中间体及溴甲纳曲酮新的制备方法。
背景技术
阿片类药物是临床常用止疼药,在临床上有着广泛的应用,它通过与中枢神经系统内大脑和脊髓µ阿片受体特异性作用而缓解疼痛。但使用阿片类药物常常伴有副作用,其中副作用包括恶心、呕吐、烦躁不安、肠蠕动减慢及胃排空的延迟等。溴甲纳曲酮是纳曲酮的衍生物,其结构式见式Ⅰ;
溴甲纳曲酮于上世纪70年度由美国芝加哥大学学者首次合成,其后,美国惠氏Wyeth制药公司和Progenics Pharmaceuticals公司联合进行了后续研究和后续推广,于2008年3月28日首次获得加拿大上市批准,2008年4月24日获得FDA批准,同日,欧盟EMEA接受了CHMP对溴甲纳曲酮上市推荐的积极意见,并于2008年7月2日批准上市;
溴甲纳曲酮是阿片样物质拮抗剂纳曲酮的季胺衍生物,其作为盐存在,由于甲基基团的加入,使其比纳曲酮具有更大的极性和更小的脂溶性,同时,由于它的离子电荷,不能穿过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统,这个特征使其更难通过血脑屏障,其更多作用于外周而不是中枢神经,只能与外周的阿片受体作用,具有良好的外周阿片受体阻断作用,不会影响阿片类药物对中枢神经系统的止疼效果,因而能够为服用阿片类药物所引起的便秘的晚期疾病患者极大地减轻痛苦。此外,溴甲纳曲酮不但可以降低源自阿片样物质镇痛治疗的副作用,而且能降低由单独内源性阿片样物质所介导的副作用,包括胃肠蠕动抑制,手术后胃肠功能紊乱,特发性便秘和其他病症;
溴甲纳曲酮是目前唯一一个用于治疗一般泻药无效的阿片类药物导致的便秘的上市药品,用于皮下注射,治疗阿片类药物引起的便秘而使用轻泻药又无效的情况。但其禁忌用于已知或疑有机械性胃肠道阻塞患者。由于溴甲纳曲酮无依赖性,为非管控药品,这进一步方便了该药的使用,为阿片类药物导致的便秘患者带来了希望。因此在国内开发本品具有相当的临床意义和经济效益;
通过检索现已公开的专利和文献资料,目前制备溴甲纳曲酮主要有以下几种合成路线:
路线一:专利US4176186和WO2004043964等报道的路线,该路线以纳曲酮为起始物料,经过甲基化和离子交换两步得到溴甲纳曲酮,合成路线如下:
该路线起始原料不易得,价格昂贵,原料纳曲酮在反应过程中不易溶解,导致反应不完全;由于纳曲酮结构3位酚羟基存在,故会发生酚烷基化副反应,易得到副产物碘甲基纳曲酮-3-酚甲醚,导致产品纯度低,多次精制,收率低,因此不适合工业大规模生产;
路线二:专利CN101208344报道的路线,该路线也是以纳曲酮为起始物料,以异丁酰氯对纳曲酮-3-酚羟基进行保护,再用碘甲烷甲基化,氢溴酸水解,最后经过溴离子交换树脂得到溴甲纳曲酮。合成路线如下:
该路线起始原料不易得,价格昂贵,用异丁酰氯酯化收率不高,中间体需要过柱纯化;甲基化反应需密闭压力容器条件下进行;差相异构体杂质S-溴甲纳曲酮的含量较高,文献报道需多次精制纯度才达到99.5%以上,收率偏低,不适合工业化生产;
路线三:专利CN101516892报道的路线,该路线也是以纳曲酮为起始物料,以溴苄保护酚羟基,硫酸二甲酯进行甲基化,钯炭氢化脱苄,碳酸钠碱化后成甲基纳曲酮自身两性离子对盐析出,最后用氢溴酸酸化得到溴甲基纳曲酮。合成路线如下:
该路线优点有:采用高沸点甲基化试剂,克服了溴甲烷或碘甲烷等低沸点甲基化试剂在温度高时容易溢出的缺点;首次报道了利用溴甲纳曲酮自身两性离子对盐去除甲基化反应中带来的甲基硫酸根离子,无需进行溴离子交换。该路线主要问题有:使用溴苄具有催泪性,对环境极不友好,而且需用价格昂贵的钯碳来脱保护,成本较高,另外还使用剧毒试剂硫酸二甲酯,且产品中差向异构体杂质S-溴甲纳曲酮的含量较高,需多次精制,产品才能合格,收率低,成本高;
路线四:专利WO2008138383、WO2008138605等报道的路线,该路线仍以纳曲酮为起始物料,以氯甲酸乙酯保护酚羟基,再以硫酸二甲酯或三氟甲磺酸甲酯或对甲苯磺酸甲酯进行甲基化,然后氢溴酸水解,经过溴离子交换树脂得到溴甲纳曲酮。合成路线如下:
该路线起始原料不易得,价格昂贵。虽然有效避免了溴甲纳曲酮-3-酚甲醚的生成。该路线主要问题是采用的氯甲酸乙酯,硫酸二甲酯或三氟甲磺酸甲酯均为剧毒试剂,不利于环境保护;
路线五:专利CN101845047报道的路线,该路线仍以纳曲酮为起始物料,以叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷对纳曲酮-3-酚羟基进行保护,再用碳酸二甲酯甲基化,氢溴酸水解得到溴甲纳曲酮。合成路线如下:
该路线起始原料不易得,价格昂贵。优点是3位副产物较少,主要问题是用碳酸二甲酯来甲基化反应转换率不高,收率偏低;
路线六:专利CN101607963报道的路线,该路线仍以纳曲酮为起始物料,以乙二醇保护6位羰基,叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷保护3位酚羟基,再甲基化,氢溴酸水解,离子交换得到溴甲纳曲酮。合成路线如下:
该路线起始原料不易得,价格昂贵。该路线的优点是能将原料纳曲酮反应完全,避免3位酚甲醚副产物等。主要问题是步骤较长,收率偏低;
归纳以上合成路线均是以纳曲酮(其化学名称为:17-环丙甲基-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮,化学结构式见式Ⅱ)为起始物料,通过以下三种方法来制备溴甲纳曲酮:
(1)纳曲酮直接与甲基化试剂反应来制备,此种方法在其结构3位易发生烷基化副反应,生成杂质,不好纯化,收率较低,因此不适合工业化生产。甲基化试剂主要有溴甲烷、碘甲烷、磷酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯等;
(2)在纳曲酮结构的3位羟基用保护试剂将其保护,使其不发生3位烷基化副反应,再与甲基化试剂反应来制备溴甲纳曲酮,3位保护试剂主要有酰基或硅烷基,如异丁酰氯、氯甲酸乙酯、硅烷保护基(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基硅烷基、三异丙基硅烷基等),再通过水解除去保护基团得到溴甲纳曲酮。这种方法是目前工业上普遍采用的方法;
(3)是在前面方法(2)的基础上,进一步将6位羰基进行保护,主要是发生缩酮反应来保护羰基,保护剂主要是乙二醇等。这种方法在方法(2)增加了一步反应,降低了总收率,成本较高。通过其结构分析在6位羰基发生副反应的可能性较小,没必要增加此步保护;
以上方法制备溴甲纳曲酮最主要问题是纳曲酮不易得,国内目前主要靠进口,而且价格昂贵,导致最后溴甲纳曲酮的成本很高。
发明内容
针对上述工艺的不足,基于质量源于设计,环境友好,易于工业化生产的理念,为了降低原料成本,我们重新设计了一条新的工艺路线,并经过大量试验探索,完善了工艺条件,找到了一种原料成本更低、更加环保、更加适合工业化生产的合成方法;
本发明提供了一种溴甲纳曲酮的制备方法,进一步地,还提供了每一步中间体的制备方法;
本发明所述工艺路线如下:
本发明以(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮(Ⅲ)为起始物料,先用羟基保护剂将3位酚羟基保护起来,避免后面甲基化产生副反应,其中3位保护基包括烃基、酰基或硅烷基的羟基保护基或氢,优选硅烷基,更优选叔丁基二甲基硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基硅烷基或三异丙基硅烷基,最优选叔丁基二甲基硅烷基,得到中间体Ⅳ。然后与卤甲基环丙烷缩合得到中间体Ⅴ,卤甲基环丙烷优选氯甲环丙烷或溴甲环丙烷,优选溴甲环丙。再与甲基化试剂甲基化得到中间体Ⅵ,甲基化试剂选至硫酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯、三氟甲磺酸甲酯、对甲苯磺酸甲酯、溴甲烷或碘甲烷,优选溴甲烷或碘甲烷,最优选碘甲烷。再在酸性条件下脱去保护基团得到中间体Ⅶ,酸性溶液选至硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、甲酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、氢氟酸、氢氯酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸,或上述任意两种或两种以上酸的任意比混合液,优选氢氯酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸溶液,最优选氢溴酸溶液,溶剂选用水、醇,或水和醇的任意比混合溶液。最后用溴离子交换酸根离子,得到溴甲纳曲酮(Ⅰ);
本发明所述的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)起始物料(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮(Ⅲ)在偶极非质子溶剂中,在缚酸剂作用下与羟基保护剂氯硅烷反应来保护3位酚羟基生成中间体Ⅳ;
(2)中间体Ⅳ在偶极非质子溶剂中,在缚酸剂作用下与卤甲基环丙烷缩合得到中间体Ⅴ;
(3)中间体Ⅴ用碘甲烷甲基化得到中间体Ⅵ;
(4)中间体Ⅵ用氢溴酸水解得到中间体Ⅶ;
(5)中间体Ⅶ通过离子交换得到溴甲纳曲酮(Ⅰ)
进一步,其中步骤(1)中所述起始物料Ⅲ与氯硅烷摩尔数比是1:1~5 ,优选1:1~2,偶极非质子溶剂选至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮、乙腈、二氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯,或以上溶剂两种或两种以上任意比混合溶剂,优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷。缚酸剂选至咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶,或以上溶剂两种或两种以上任意比混合溶剂,优选三乙胺,起始物料Ⅲ与三乙胺摩尔数比是1:1~5 ,优选1:2~3。反应温度为10~80℃,优选20~60℃;
步骤(2)中所述反应是在缚酸剂作用下,与溴甲基环丙烷或氯甲基环丙烷发生缩合反应,中间体Ⅳ与卤甲环丙烷的摩尔比是1:1~3。缚酸剂选至碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶,或以上两种或两种以上试剂任意比混合试剂,优选碳酸氢钠、三乙胺。反应溶剂是二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和乙腈等,优选二氯甲烷和四氢呋喃。反应温度为10~100℃,优选40~85℃;
步骤(3)中所述反应是在有机溶剂中回流状态下进行,有机溶剂选至丙酮、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙腈;
步骤(4)中所述反应是中间体Ⅵ在酸性条件下水解得到中间体Ⅶ,优选氢溴酸,反应溶剂包括水、甲醇或乙醇,优选甲醇和水的混合溶剂,反应温度范围为10~100℃,优选60~90℃;
步骤(5)中所述反应是在强碱溴离子交换树脂条件下进行,用纯化水洗涤,减压蒸馏,在甲醇或丙酮中析晶,得到溴甲纳曲酮(Ⅰ)
本发明原材料易得,用价格低廉的起始物料Ⅲ替代价格昂贵的纳曲酮,大幅降低了原料成本,利于工业化大规模生产;本发明同前面三种方法相比,减少了副反应发生,提高了产品质量;甲基化时立体选择性强,脱保护后生成S-异构体很少,不需要精制多次就能除去,提高了产品收率,降低了成本;
具体实施方式;
下述实施例仅用于进一步说明本发明,并不限制本发明,所有在本发明范围内或等同本发明范围内的改变均被本发明包含;
例1 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃制备;
向干燥的反应瓶中加入28.7g起始物料(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮,再加入250ml二氯甲烷,搅拌溶清后,加入15.1g叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷和13.6g咪唑,升温回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮≤0.5%为止)。降温至20~30℃,缓慢加入310ml水,加毕,继续搅拌半小时。分层,水层用二氯甲烷约150ml×2提取,合并二氯甲烷液,减压蒸馏,蒸干得油状物,加入100ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌4小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约20ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃干品32.8g。收率81.8%,纯度99.1%;
例2 3-[(叔丁基二苯基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃制备
向干燥的反应瓶中加入28.7g起始物料(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮,再加入200mlN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,搅拌溶清后,加入41.3g叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷和三乙胺25.3g,于20~30℃搅拌反应,用HPLC中控(直至(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮≤0.5%为止)。缓慢加入250ml水和200ml乙酸乙酯,加毕,继续搅拌半小时。分层,水层用乙酸乙酯约150ml×2提取,合并乙酸乙酯液,减压蒸馏,蒸干得油状物,加入100ml丙酮,搅拌4小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约20ml丙酮洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二苯基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃干品40.6g。收率77.2%,纯度99.5%;
例3 3-[(三异丙基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃制备
向干燥的反应瓶中加入28.7g起始物料(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮,再加入250ml1,4-二氧六环,搅拌溶清后,加入38.6g三异丙基氯硅烷和23.7g吡啶,升温至50~60℃反应,用HPLC中控(直至(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮≤0.5%为止)。减压蒸馏至断流,降温至20~30℃,缓慢加入300ml水和150ml二氯甲烷,加毕,继续搅拌半小时。分层,水层用二氯甲烷约200ml×2提取,合并二氯甲烷液,减压蒸馏,蒸干得油状物,加入100ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌4小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约20ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(三异丙基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃干品37.1g。收率83.6%,纯度99.3%;
例4 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃制备
向干燥的反应瓶中加入100ml二氯甲烷、10g 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃、4.2g碳酸氢钠和3.4g溴甲基环丙烷,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃≤0.5%为止)。降温至10~15℃加入80ml纯化水,搅拌10分钟后分层,水层用二氯甲烷约80ml×2提取,合并二氯甲烷液,减压蒸馏,蒸干得油状物,加入60ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌5小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃干品10.1g。收率88.9%,纯度98.4%;
例5 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃制备
向干燥的反应瓶中加入80ml乙腈、10g 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃、4.6g三乙胺和6.8g氯甲基环丙烷,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃≤0.5%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,降温至10~15℃加入80ml纯化水和100ml二氯甲烷,搅拌10分钟后分层,水层用二氯甲烷约80ml×2提取,合并二氯甲烷液,减压蒸馏,蒸干得油状物,加入60ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌5小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃干品9.7g。收率85.5%,纯度98.8%;
例6 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃制备
向干燥的反应瓶中加入100ml四氢呋喃、10g 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃、7.6g三乙胺和5.8g溴甲基环丙烷,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃≤0.5%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,降温至10~15℃加入80ml纯化水和100ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌10分钟后分层,水层用乙酸乙酯约80ml×2提取,合并乙酸乙酯液,减压蒸馏,蒸干得油状物,加入60ml丙酮,搅拌5小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml丙酮洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃干品10.6g。收率93.4%,纯度98.1%;
例7 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物制备
向洁净干燥的反应瓶中加入80ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮和9.6g3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃,搅拌溶解后,加入9.0g碘甲烷,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃≤2%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,加入50ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌4小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于55±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物干品10.2g。收率81.6%,纯度89.1%;
例8 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物制备
向洁净干燥的反应瓶中加入100ml乙腈和9.6g3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃,搅拌溶解后,加入14.8g碘甲烷,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃≤2%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,加入50ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌4小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于55±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物干品10.8g。收率86.4%,纯度91.3%;
例9 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物制备
向洁净干燥的反应瓶中加入120ml丙酮和9.6g 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃,搅拌溶解后,加入28.2g碘甲烷,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃≤2%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,加入50ml乙酸乙酯,搅拌4小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤至干,于55±5℃减压干燥,得3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物干品10.5g。收率84.0%,纯度88.6%;
例10 (5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴/碘化物制备
向洁净的反应瓶中加入80ml乙醇和10.0g 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物,搅拌溶解后,加入20.7g20%氢溴酸溶液,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物≤0.5%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,加入80ml丙酮/纯化水(体积比1:1)混合溶液,搅拌6小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml丙酮/纯化水(体积比1:1)混合溶液洗涤,抽滤至干,于60±5℃减压干燥,得(5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴/碘化物干品6.7g,纯度98.2%;
例11 (5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴/碘化物制备
向洁净的反应瓶中加入60ml甲醇和10.0g 3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物,搅拌溶解后,加入40.1g10%氢溴酸溶液,升温搅拌回流反应,用HPLC中控(直至3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5α-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃碘化物≤0.5%为止)。减压蒸馏至干,加入80ml丙酮/纯化水(体积比1:1)混合溶液,搅拌6小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml丙酮/纯化水(体积比1:1)混合溶液洗涤,抽滤至干,于60±5℃减压干燥,得(5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴/碘化物干品6.4g,纯度98.9%;
例12 溴甲纳曲酮制备
将6.2g(5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴/碘化物溶解在70ml纯化水中,通过强碱型溴离子交换层析柱,随后用400ml纯化水洗柱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,在剩余物中加入60ml丙酮,搅拌析晶6小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml丙酮洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得(5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴化物干品5.5g,纯度99.6%;
例13 溴甲纳曲酮制备
将6.2g(5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴/碘化物溶解在80ml纯化水中,通过强碱型溴离子交换层析柱,随后用450ml纯化水洗柱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩,在剩余物中加入40ml甲醇,搅拌析晶6小时,控温内温在0~10℃下析晶2小时。抽滤,滤饼用约10ml甲醇洗涤,抽滤至干,于50±5℃减压干燥,得(5α,17R)-17-(环丙甲基)-4,5-环氧-3,14-二羟基-17-甲基-6-氧代吗啡喃溴化物干品5.2g,纯度99.8%;
1HNMR δ9.49(1H), δ6.67(2H), δ6.36(1H), δ4.91(1H), δ4.06(1H), δ3.90(1H) ,δ3.66(3H),δ3.50(1H),δ3.32(1H),δ3.05(1H),δ2.99(1H),δ2.90(1H),δ2.74(2H),δ2.06(2H), δ1.58 (1H), δ1.54(1H),δ1.22 (1H),δ0.76 (1H),δ0.67(1H),δ0.61 (1H),δ0.35(1H);
13CNMR δ207.58 (1C), δ143.62 (1C), δ140.47 (1C), δ127.79 (1C), δ120.34(1C), δ119.84(1C), δ118.16(1C), δ88.56(1C), δ71.77(1C), δ70.88(1C), δ70.81(1C), δ56.68(1C), δ52.87(1C), δ48.42(1C), δ34.91(1C), δ32.07(1C), δ27.32(1C),δ24.44(1C), δ5.75(1C), δ3.87(1C), δ2.79(1C)。
Claims (9)
1.3-[(叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基]-4,5-环氧基-14-羟基-6-氧代吗啡喃(Ⅳ)。
2.权利要求1中的化合物,3位保护基为硅烷基。
3.权利要求2中的化合物,3位硅烷保护基为叔丁基二甲基硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基硅烷基或三异丙基硅烷基。
4.一种制备溴甲纳曲酮的新方法,其合成路线如下:
包括以下步骤:
(1)起始物料(-)-4,5-α-环氧基-3,14-二羟基吗啡喃-6-酮(Ⅲ)在偶极非质子溶剂中,在缚酸剂作用下与氯硅烷反应来保护3位酚羟基生成中间体Ⅳ;
(2)中间体Ⅳ在偶极非质子溶剂中,在缚酸剂作用下与卤甲基环丙烷缩合得到中间体Ⅴ;
(3)中间体Ⅴ用碘甲烷甲基化得到中间体Ⅵ;
(4)中间体Ⅵ用氢溴酸水解得到中间体Ⅶ;
(5)中间体Ⅶ通过离子交换得到溴甲纳曲酮(Ⅰ)。
5.权利要求4中步骤(1)中所述起始物料Ⅲ与氯硅烷摩尔数比是1:1~5 ,优选1:1~2,偶极非质子溶剂选至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮、乙腈、二氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯,或以上溶剂两种或两种以上任意比混合溶剂,优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷,缚酸剂选至咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶,或以上溶剂两种或两种以上任意比混合溶剂,优选三乙胺,起始物料Ⅲ与三乙胺摩尔数比是1:1~5 ,优选1:2~3,反应温度为10~80℃,优选20~60℃。
6.权利要求4中步骤(2)中所述反应是在缚酸剂作用下,与溴甲基环丙烷或氯甲基环丙烷发生缩合反应,中间体Ⅳ与卤甲环丙烷的摩尔比是1:1~3,缚酸剂选至碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶,或以上两种或两种以上试剂任意比混合试剂,优选碳酸氢钠、三乙胺,反应溶剂是二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃和乙腈等,优选二氯甲烷和四氢呋喃,反应温度为10~100℃,优选40~85℃。
7.权利要求4中步骤(3)中所述反应是在有机溶剂中回流状态下进行,有机溶剂选至丙酮、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙腈。
8.权利要求4中步骤(4)中所述反应是中间体Ⅵ在酸性条件下水解得到中间体Ⅶ,优选氢溴酸,反应溶剂包括水和甲醇或乙醇,优选甲醇和水的混合溶剂,反应温度范围为10~100℃,优选60~90℃。
9.权利要求4中步骤(5)中所述反应是在强碱溴离子交换树脂条件下进行,用纯化水洗涤,蒸馏后析晶,得到溴甲纳曲酮(Ⅰ)。
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CN114702372A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-05 | 台州市前进化工有限公司 | 一种制备高纯度4-(2-甲氧基)乙基苯酚的方法 |
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US20090163717A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-25 | Erik Heinz Lauterbach | Demethylation of 14-hydroxy substituted alkaloid derivatives |
CN103626782A (zh) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-12 | 山东新华制药股份有限公司 | 溴甲纳曲酮的制备方法 |
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US20090163717A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-25 | Erik Heinz Lauterbach | Demethylation of 14-hydroxy substituted alkaloid derivatives |
CN103626782A (zh) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-12 | 山东新华制药股份有限公司 | 溴甲纳曲酮的制备方法 |
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CN111777617A (zh) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 华润三九医药股份有限公司 | 一种溴甲纳曲酮的精制方法 |
CN114702372A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-05 | 台州市前进化工有限公司 | 一种制备高纯度4-(2-甲氧基)乙基苯酚的方法 |
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