CN107021732A - 一种轻质保温砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种轻质保温砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107021732A
CN107021732A CN201710210803.3A CN201710210803A CN107021732A CN 107021732 A CN107021732 A CN 107021732A CN 201710210803 A CN201710210803 A CN 201710210803A CN 107021732 A CN107021732 A CN 107021732A
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王波
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Changle Qiao Tong Industrial Design Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥28‑42份、木屑8‑16份、秸秆4‑10份、粉煤灰5‑10份、凹凸棒石8‑20份、木质纤维素1‑5份、石英砂3‑15份、尼龙纤维0.8‑3份、碳纤维2‑8份、珍珠岩5‑25份、氧化镁3‑6份、生姜3‑10份、污泥2‑11份、石墨6‑13份和橡胶油1.5‑4份。本发明还公布了该保温砖的制备方法。本发明原料来源广泛并且利用各种废弃物，变废为宝，降低了生产成本，制备工艺简单，适用于大规模的工业化生产；本发明中各种组分起协同作用，制备的保温砖密度轻，保温性能和阻燃性能好，抗压强度高，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种轻质保温砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保温材料，具体是一种轻质保温砖。
背景技术
随着我国经济的高速发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对居住环境的要求也越来越高。由于大都市化的建设，人们对装饰材料的质量要求逐步提高，而且随着社会进步，节约能源已成为共识。为了节约土地和能源，提高建筑物的保温、隔热功能，混凝土小型空心砌块已被广泛地应用于墙体砌筑中。近些年，为了进一步增强砌块的保温效果，在砌块的空心中部孔中充填聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料，用这种砌块砌筑墙体，其保温、隔音、防潮效果都得到了大大增强。但这种砌块在制备过程中工人的劳动强度大(人工向砌块预留孔中填保温材料)，同时，因要在空洞中填充保温材料，砌块的体积较大，给墙体砌筑带来不便。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种轻质保温砖，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥28-42份、木屑8-16份、秸秆4-10份、粉煤灰5-10份、凹凸棒石8-20份、木质纤维素1-5份、石英砂3-15份、尼龙纤维0.8-3份、碳纤维2-8份、珍珠岩5-25份、氧化镁3-6份、生姜3-10份、污泥2-11份、石墨6-13份和橡胶油1.5-4份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥34-42份、木屑11-16份、秸秆6-10份、粉煤灰7-10份、凹凸棒石12-20份、木质纤维素2.5-5份、石英砂6-15份、尼龙纤维1.5-3份、碳纤维4-8份、珍珠岩13-25份、氧化镁4-6份、生姜5-10份、污泥7-11份、石墨9-13份和橡胶油2.5-4份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥37份、木屑14份、秸秆8份、粉煤灰9份、凹凸棒石16份、木质纤维素4份、石英砂10份、尼龙纤维2份、碳纤维6份、珍珠岩18份、氧化镁5份、生姜7.5份、污泥10份、石墨11份和橡胶油3份。
所述轻质保温砖的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将陶瓷废泥和污泥在低温烘干至水分低于2%，得到烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥，备用；
步骤二，将木屑、秸秆、凹凸棒石、石英砂、尼龙纤维、碳纤维、珍珠岩、氧化镁、石墨、烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥放入球磨机中并且加入球磨珠，球磨0.5-4小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将生姜洗净并且将生姜粉碎，得到生姜末，将生姜末放入48-75摄氏度压力为0.15-0.26MPa的蒸锅中蒸0.5-2小时，收集油水混合物并且静置，再将油和水分离即可得到生姜油；
步骤四，将粉煤灰和木质纤维素内加入总重量5-9倍的水中，在搅拌器内搅拌5-10分钟，得到第一混合溶液；
步骤五，将生姜油、第一混合物、第一混合溶液、橡胶油和水混合，在双卧轴强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送到全自动砌块成型机中，压制成半成品，将半成品自然晾干至含水量低于12%，输送至窑炉中焙烧；
步骤六，焙烧分为三阶段：第一阶段焙烧的温度为60-220摄氏度，焙烧1.5-4小时；第二阶段焙烧的温度为470-800摄氏度，焙烧4-8小时；第三阶段焙烧的温度为950-1220摄氏度，焙烧3-8小时，烧结后自然冷却，即可得到成品。
作为本发明进一步的方案：步骤二中球磨料和球磨珠的重量之比为1：5-10。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明原料来源广泛并且利用各种废弃物，变废为宝，降低了生产成本，制备工艺简单，适用于大规模的工业化生产；本发明中各种组分起协同作用，制备的保温砖密度轻，保温性能和阻燃性能好，抗压强度高，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥28份、木屑8份、秸秆4份、粉煤灰5份、凹凸棒石8份、木质纤维素1份、石英砂3份、尼龙纤维0.8份、碳纤维2份、珍珠岩5份、氧化镁3份、生姜3份、污泥2份、石墨6份和橡胶油1.5份。
所述轻质保温砖的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将陶瓷废泥和污泥在低温烘干至水分为1.3%，得到烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥，备用；
步骤二，将木屑、秸秆、凹凸棒石、石英砂、尼龙纤维、碳纤维、珍珠岩、氧化镁、石墨、烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥放入球磨机中并且加入球磨珠，球磨1小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将生姜洗净并且将生姜粉碎，得到生姜末，将生姜末放入52摄氏度压力为0.16MPa的蒸锅中蒸0.5小时，收集油水混合物并且静置，再将油和水分离即可得到生姜油；
步骤四，将粉煤灰和木质纤维素内加入总重量7倍的水中，在搅拌器内搅拌8分钟，得到第一混合溶液；
步骤五，将生姜油、第一混合物、第一混合溶液、橡胶油和水混合，在双卧轴强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送到全自动砌块成型机中，压制成半成品，将半成品自然晾干至含水量为10%，输送至窑炉中焙烧；
步骤六，焙烧分为三阶段：第一阶段焙烧的温度为120摄氏度，焙烧2小时；第二阶段焙烧的温度为560摄氏度，焙烧6小时；第三阶段焙烧的温度为970摄氏度，焙烧4.5小时，烧结后自然冷却，即可得到成品。
实施例2
一种轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥34份、木屑11份、秸秆6份、粉煤灰7份、凹凸棒石12份、木质纤维素2.5份、石英砂6份、尼龙纤维1.5份、碳纤维4份、珍珠岩13份、氧化镁4份、生姜5份、污泥7份、石墨9份和橡胶油2.5份。
所述轻质保温砖的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将陶瓷废泥和污泥在低温烘干至水分为1.2%，得到烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥，备用；
步骤二，将木屑、秸秆、凹凸棒石、石英砂、尼龙纤维、碳纤维、珍珠岩、氧化镁、石墨、烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥放入球磨机中并且加入球磨珠，球磨料和球磨珠的重量之比为1：7，球磨2.5小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将生姜洗净并且将生姜粉碎，得到生姜末，将生姜末放入62摄氏度压力为0.20MPa的蒸锅中蒸1.5小时，收集油水混合物并且静置，再将油和水分离即可得到生姜油；
步骤四，将粉煤灰和木质纤维素内加入总重量8倍的水中，在搅拌器内搅拌8分钟，得到第一混合溶液；
步骤五，将生姜油、第一混合物、第一混合溶液、橡胶油和水混合，在双卧轴强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送到全自动砌块成型机中，压制成半成品，将半成品自然晾干至含水量为7.6%，输送至窑炉中焙烧；
步骤六，焙烧分为三阶段：第一阶段焙烧的温度为175摄氏度，焙烧3小时；第二阶段焙烧的温度为640摄氏度，焙烧6小时；第三阶段焙烧的温度为1070摄氏度，焙烧5小时，烧结后自然冷却，即可得到成品。
实施例3
一种轻质保温砖，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥37份、木屑14份、秸秆8份、粉煤灰9份、凹凸棒石16份、木质纤维素4份、石英砂10份、尼龙纤维2份、碳纤维6份、珍珠岩18份、氧化镁5份、生姜7.5份、污泥10份、石墨11份和橡胶油3份。
所述轻质保温砖的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将陶瓷废泥和污泥在低温烘干至水分为1.4%，得到烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥，备用；
步骤二，将木屑、秸秆、凹凸棒石、石英砂、尼龙纤维、碳纤维、珍珠岩、氧化镁、石墨、烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥放入球磨机中并且加入球磨珠，球磨料和球磨珠的重量之比为1：6，球磨3小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将生姜洗净并且将生姜粉碎，得到生姜末，将生姜末放入67摄氏度压力为0.24MPa的蒸锅中蒸2小时，收集油水混合物并且静置，再将油和水分离即可得到生姜油；
步骤四，将粉煤灰和木质纤维素内加入总重量8倍的水中，在搅拌器内搅拌7分钟，得到第一混合溶液；
步骤五，将生姜油、第一混合物、第一混合溶液、橡胶油和水混合，在双卧轴强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送到全自动砌块成型机中，压制成半成品，将半成品自然晾干至含水量为8.6%，输送至窑炉中焙烧；
步骤六，焙烧分为三阶段：第一阶段焙烧的温度为210摄氏度，焙烧3.5小时；第二阶段焙烧的温度为740摄氏度，焙烧7小时；第三阶段焙烧的温度为1180摄氏度，焙烧7.5小时，烧结后自然冷却，即可得到成品。
对实施例1-3的产品和现有产品进行性能测试，测试结果见表1。
表1
从表1中可以看出，实施例1-3的产品在密度上大大轻于现有产品，保温性能和抗压强度均优于现有产品，阻燃性能好。
凹凸棒石、石英砂、尼龙纤维、碳纤维、石墨、橡胶油和生姜油的配合，制备的骨料具有重量轻、抗压强度高、导热系数低、耐火度高，化学性能稳定和耐腐蚀性好的特点，木质纤维素作为保温辅料，由于木质纤维素质轻，而且疏松多孔，具有优良的吸热保温作用。该产品的焙烧分为三个阶段，有利于缓慢提高焙烧温度，确保产品的质量。本发明采用大量各种废弃物，不仅有利于提高资源利用率，变废为宝，还能减少占用土地，保护和净化环境，节省能源，降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (5)

1.一种轻质保温砖，其特征在于，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥28-42份、木屑8-16份、秸秆4-10份、粉煤灰5-10份、凹凸棒石8-20份、木质纤维素1-5份、石英砂3-15份、尼龙纤维0.8-3份、碳纤维2-8份、珍珠岩5-25份、氧化镁3-6份、生姜3-10份、污泥2-11份、石墨6-13份和橡胶油1.5-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻质保温砖，其特征在于，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥34-42份、木屑11-16份、秸秆6-10份、粉煤灰7-10份、凹凸棒石12-20份、木质纤维素2.5-5份、石英砂6-15份、尼龙纤维1.5-3份、碳纤维4-8份、珍珠岩13-25份、氧化镁4-6份、生姜5-10份、污泥7-11份、石墨9-13份和橡胶油2.5-4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻质保温砖，其特征在于，由以下组分按照重量份组成：陶瓷废泥37份、木屑14份、秸秆8份、粉煤灰9份、凹凸棒石16份、木质纤维素4份、石英砂10份、尼龙纤维2份、碳纤维6份、珍珠岩18份、氧化镁5份、生姜7.5份、污泥10份、石墨11份和橡胶油3份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的轻质保温砖的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
步骤一，将陶瓷废泥和污泥在低温烘干至水分低于2%，得到烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥，备用；
步骤二，将木屑、秸秆、凹凸棒石、石英砂、尼龙纤维、碳纤维、珍珠岩、氧化镁、石墨、烘干的陶瓷废泥和烘干的污泥放入球磨机中并且加入球磨珠，球磨0.5-4小时，得到第一混合物；
步骤三，将生姜洗净并且将生姜粉碎，得到生姜末，将生姜末放入48-75摄氏度压力为0.15-0.26MPa的蒸锅中蒸0.5-2小时，收集油水混合物并且静置，再将油和水分离即可得到生姜油；
步骤四，将粉煤灰和木质纤维素内加入总重量5-9倍的水中，在搅拌器内搅拌5-10分钟，得到第一混合溶液；
步骤五，将生姜油、第一混合物、第一混合溶液、橡胶油和水混合，在双卧轴强制式搅拌机中搅拌，搅拌均匀后输送到全自动砌块成型机中，压制成半成品，将半成品自然晾干至含水量低于12%，输送至窑炉中焙烧；
步骤六，焙烧分为三阶段：第一阶段焙烧的温度为60-220摄氏度，焙烧1.5-4小时；第二阶段焙烧的温度为470-800摄氏度，焙烧4-8小时；第三阶段焙烧的温度为950-1220摄氏度，焙烧3-8小时，烧结后自然冷却，即可得到成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的轻质保温砖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中球磨料和球磨珠的重量之比为1：5-10。
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