CN107012405A - 一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.1‑0.2%,Cr:13‑14%,W:1‑1.5%,Co:3‑4%,V:0.22‑0.28%,Si:0.3‑0.4%,Mn:0.1‑0.3%,Ni:0.2‑0.3%,B:0.006‑0.008%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%和Mo,余料为Fe;其中,满足“Mo=Ni×(Co‑W)×100”的表达式。本发明硬度高,强度高,韧性好,抗疲劳性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钢球技术领域,尤其涉及一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
背景技术
目前现有轴承钢球主要采用高碳轴承钢GCr15作为原料,其具有硬度高,耐磨性能好的优点,但是其冲击韧性较低,容易开裂;人们通常通过降低碳含量,来提高钢球的韧性,但是碳含量较低,会降低钢球的硬度和耐磨性能。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,本发明硬度高,强度高,韧性好,抗疲劳性能好。
本发明提出的一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.1-0.2%,Cr:13-14%,W:1-1.5%,Co:3-4%,V:0.22-0.28%,Si:0.3-0.4%,Mn:0.1-0.3%,Ni:0.2-0.3%,B:0.006-0.008%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%和Mo,余料为Fe;
其中,满足“Mo=Ni×(Co-W)×100”的表达式。
优选地,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,需进行渗碳处理,其中,渗碳处理的温度为940-950℃,渗碳处理的气氛为丙烷,调节碳势为1.3-1.4%,保温3.5-4.5h,调节碳势为0.91-0.95%,保温6-6.5h。
优选地,渗碳的渗层厚度为1.5-1.7mm。
优选地,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,取废钢熔炼,加入碳、铬、钼、钨、钴、钒、硅、锰、镍、硼,粗炼,精炼,出炉浇铸,清洗打磨得到满足上述成分的光滑球形铸锭;取球形铸锭,进行渗碳,一次回火,淬火,深冷,二次回火处理得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
优选地,出炉浇铸的温度为1460-1500℃。
优选地,一次回火温度为480-500℃,一次回火时间为4-6h。
优选地,淬火的具体步骤为:升温至970-990℃,保温40-60min,水淬至室温。
优选地,深冷的具体步骤为:降温至-52至-58℃,保温40-60min,自然放置至室温。
优选地,二次回火的具体步骤为:升温至480-500℃,保温4-6h,降温至220-240℃,保温90-120min,冷却至室温得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
本发明通过增加Cr含量,来增加本发明的硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性;降低C含量,增加本发明的韧性;并通过限定Mo=Ni×(Co-W)×100的关系式,Co、W、Mo协同作用,抑制高温铁素体形成,促进第二相析出并提高第二相的回溶温度,从而提高了钢球内部组织的稳定性,固溶强化和析出强化相互配合,从而大大增加本发明的硬度、强度和耐磨性,并配以Ni平衡Cr当量,抑制高温铁素体,保证淬火、深冷、回火处理后存留合适含量的残余奥氏体,从而在保持本发明硬度的同时,大大增加本发明的韧性;各元素相互配合,使得本发明具有良好的硬度和韧性;熔炼后经合适的渗碳处理,使得钢球从外至内,呈梯度分散碳元素,并经合适的一次回火、淬火、深冷、二次回火工艺,形成碳化物,大大增加本发明的硬度;合适的渗碳处理,使得钢球达到合适的渗层厚度,使得由接触应力产生的最大切应力落在渗层厚度以内,从而大大增加本发明的抗疲劳性;合适的一次回火、淬火、深冷、二次回火工艺,与各元素相互配合,使得钢球内部形成适量的板条状马氏体和残余奥氏体,且残余奥氏体均匀分散在板条状马氏体的条间,从而使得硬度和韧性达到平衡,使得本发明具有良好的硬度、强度,同时也具有良好的韧性。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.15%,Cr:13.5%,W:1.2%,Co:3.5%,V:0.25%,Si:0.35%,Mn:0.2%,Ni:0.25%,B:0.007%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%,Mo:0.575%,余料为Fe。
实施例2
一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.1%,Cr:14%,W:1%,Co:4%,V:0.22%,Si:0.4%,Mn:0.1%,Ni:0.3%,B:0.006%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%,Mo:0.9%,余料为Fe;
其中,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,取废钢熔炼,加入碳、铬、钼、钨、钴、钒、硅、锰、镍、硼,粗炼,精炼,出炉浇铸,清洗打磨得到满足上述成分的光滑球形铸锭,其中,出炉浇铸的温度为1500℃;取球形铸锭,在丙烷气氛中,升温至940℃,调节碳势为1.4%,保温3.5h,调节碳势为0.95%,保温6h,然后调节温度至500℃,保温回火4h,再升温至990℃,保温40min,水淬至室温,接着降温至-58℃,保温40min,自然放置至室温,最后升温至500℃,保温4h,降温至240℃,保温90min,冷却至室温得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
实施例3
一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.2%,Cr:13%,W:1.5%,Co:3%,V:0.28%,Si:0.3%,Mn:0.3%,Ni:0.2%,B:0.008%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%,Mo:0.3%,余料为Fe;
其中,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,取废钢熔炼,加入碳、铬、钼、钨、钴、钒、硅、锰、镍、硼,粗炼,精炼,出炉浇铸,清洗打磨得到满足上述成分的光滑球形铸锭,其中,出炉浇铸的温度为1460℃;取球形铸锭,在丙烷气氛中,升温至950℃,调节碳势为1.3%,保温4.5h,调节碳势为0.91%,保温6.5h,然后调节温度至480℃,保温回火6h,再升温至970℃,保温60min,水淬至室温,接着降温至-52℃,保温60min,自然放置至室温,最后升温至480℃,保温6h,降温至220℃,保温120min,冷却至室温得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
实施例4
一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.12%,Cr:13.8%,W:1.1%,Co:3.7%,V:0.24%,Si:0.37%,Mn:0.15%,Ni:0.27%,B:0.0065%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%,Mo:0.702%,余料为Fe;
其中,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,取废钢熔炼,加入碳、铬、钼、钨、钴、钒、硅、锰、镍、硼,粗炼,精炼,出炉浇铸,清洗打磨得到满足上述成分的光滑球形铸锭,其中,出炉浇铸的温度为1490℃;取球形铸锭,在丙烷气氛中,升温至942℃,调节碳势为1.37%,保温3.8h,调节碳势为0.94%,保温6.1h,然后调节温度至495℃,保温回火4.5h,再升温至985℃,保温45min,水淬至室温,接着降温至-56℃,保温45min,自然放置至室温,最后升温至495℃,保温4.5h,降温至235℃,保温100min,冷却至室温得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
实施例5
一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.18%,Cr:13.2%,W:1.3%,Co:3.3%,V:0.26%,Si:0.33%,Mn:0.25%,Ni:0.23%,B:0.0075%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%,Mo:0.46%,余料为Fe;
其中,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,取废钢熔炼,加入碳、铬、钼、钨、钴、钒、硅、锰、镍、硼,粗炼,精炼,出炉浇铸,清洗打磨得到满足上述成分的光滑球形铸锭,其中,出炉浇铸的温度为1470℃;取球形铸锭,在丙烷气氛中,升温至948℃,调节碳势为1.33%,保温4.2h,调节碳势为0.92%,保温6.3h,然后调节温度至485℃,保温回火5.5h,再升温至975℃,保温55min,水淬至室温,接着降温至-54℃,保温55min,自然放置至室温,最后升温至485℃,保温5.5h,降温至225℃,保温110min,冷却至室温得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
对实施例1-5进行性能测试,结果如下:
由上表可以看出本发明韧性好,表面硬度高,抗疲劳性能好。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,其各组分的重量百分比如下:C:0.1-0.2%,Cr:13-14%,W:1-1.5%,Co:3-4%,V:0.22-0.28%,Si:0.3-0.4%,Mn:0.1-0.3%,Ni:0.2-0.3%,B:0.006-0.008%,S≤0.015%,P≤0.015%和Mo,余料为Fe;
其中,满足“Mo=Ni×(Co-W)×100”的表达式。
2.根据权利要求1所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,需进行渗碳处理,其中,渗碳处理的温度为940-950℃,渗碳处理的气氛为丙烷,调节碳势为1.3-1.4%,保温3.5-4.5h,调节碳势为0.91-0.95%,保温6-6.5h。
3.根据权利要求2所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,渗碳的渗层厚度为1.5-1.7mm。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,在高硬度低碳轴承钢球的制备过程中,取废钢熔炼,加入碳、铬、钼、钨、钴、钒、硅、锰、镍、硼,粗炼,精炼,出炉浇铸,清洗打磨得到满足上述成分的光滑球形铸锭;取球形铸锭,进行渗碳,一次回火,淬火,深冷,二次回火处理得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
5.根据权利要求4所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,出炉浇铸的温度为1460-1500℃。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,一次回火温度为480-500℃,一次回火时间为4-6h。
7.根据权利要求4-6任一项所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,淬火的具体步骤为:升温至970-990℃,保温40-60min,水淬至室温。
8.根据权利要求4-7任一项所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,深冷的具体步骤为:降温至-52至-58℃,保温40-60min,自然放置至室温。
9.根据权利要求4-8任一项所述高硬度低碳轴承钢球,其特征在于,二次回火的具体步骤为:升温至480-500℃,保温4-6h,降温至220-240℃,保温90-120min,冷却至室温得到高硬度低碳轴承钢球。
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