CN107011952B - 增效燃料添加剂和含有所述添加剂的燃料 - Google Patents
增效燃料添加剂和含有所述添加剂的燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107011952B CN107011952B CN201710140372.8A CN201710140372A CN107011952B CN 107011952 B CN107011952 B CN 107011952B CN 201710140372 A CN201710140372 A CN 201710140372A CN 107011952 B CN107011952 B CN 107011952B
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- additive
- fuel composition
- carbon atom
- gasoline
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- -1 hydroxy ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 19
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229940060184 oil ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 C*[N+](*(*)*)[O-] Chemical compound C*[N+](*(*)*)[O-] 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Substances CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006612 decyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXMQKONTARQGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (ethoxyamino)oxyethane Chemical compound CCONOCC VXMQKONTARQGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVZRBKATNMXYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyl-n-propyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C CVZRBKATNMXYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHSUFOPAJHIYKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methyl-n-propylnonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCCCCCCCC(C)C XHSUFOPAJHIYKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001356 alkyl thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CENDTHIEZAWVHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 CENDTHIEZAWVHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CO ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940074096 monoolein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UADKBZPCNGDKIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethoxyoctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(OCC)OCC UADKBZPCNGDKIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEKFCJBSYYWXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCC CEKFCJBSYYWXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBLXZSQLBOFHAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylhexan-1-amine Chemical group CCCCCCNCCC WBLXZSQLBOFHAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B51/00—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
- C10L1/1986—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters complex polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
-
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Abstract
本发明公开了增效燃料添加剂和含有所述添加剂的燃料。用于汽油燃料组合物的燃料添加剂、汽油燃料组合物以及降低发动机的汽油输送系统中的磨损的方法。所述燃料添加剂包含(i)N,N‑双(羟基烷基)‑烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的增效混合物,其中,所述增效混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及为燃料组合物提供增效改进的燃料添加剂以及含有该增效添加剂的燃料组合物。特别地,本发明涉及一种汽油燃料添加剂混合物,其包含:(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物,其中,所述添加剂混合物在燃料系统组件磨损和/或低温稳定性方面具有增效性质。
背景技术
为了适应燃料组合物在更新、更先进的发动机(包括直接喷射汽油发动机)中的用途,人们持续地改进用于车辆的燃料组合物,以提高燃料的各种性质。相应地,燃料组合物通常包含涉及需要改进的某些性质的添加剂。例如,向燃料中加入摩擦改性剂,例如脂肪酸酰胺,从而降低发动机的燃料输送系统中的摩擦和磨损。当将此类添加剂加入到燃料而非润滑剂中时,一部分添加剂转移到发动机活塞环区中的润滑剂中,在此处,它可以降低摩擦和磨损,并由此改善燃料经济性。尽管此类添加剂可有益地加入润滑剂而非燃料中,当加入到润滑剂中时,这样的添加剂对于在燃料输送系统中改善润滑和降低磨损而言不起作用。在发动机运行过程中,此类燃料添加剂可能进入油底壳中,因此期望得到一种同样对发动机润滑剂有益的燃料添加剂。然而,在低贮存温度下,某些脂肪酸酰胺在燃料的添加剂包(additive packages)中不稳定,此类脂肪酸酰胺的性能通常达不到期望。
脂肪酸与多元醇的偏酯(例如甘油单油酸酯(GMO))已知作为润滑剂组合物的摩擦改性剂。类似地,二乙醇胺脂肪酸酰胺也是众所周知的摩擦改性剂。当加入到润滑剂中时,尽管GMO和脂肪酸酰胺摩擦改性剂可以改善燃料经济性,但GMO和某些二乙醇胺脂肪酸酰胺在燃料的添加剂包中可能不稳定,或可能导致汽油发动机中的进气阀沉积物增加。而且,当在燃料组合物中使用GMO或某些脂肪酸酰胺时,燃料经济性改善可能达不到期望。相应地,无法将GMO和脂肪酸酰胺摩擦改性剂在无有害且不期望的副作用下有益地加入到燃料组合物中,以改善燃料输送系统的磨损保护。
脂肪胺乙氧基化物同样已知为可减少燃料消耗的燃料添加剂。然而,此类脂肪胺乙氧基化物通常源自天然来源,因此可能随地域和时间而改变。此外,一些脂肪胺乙氧基化物具有高凝固点或在室温下为固体,并且对于贮存和处理而言可能需要加热或使用溶剂。最后,在燃料添加剂组合物中,脂肪胺乙氧基化物通常具有较差的低温相容性。
人们已经尝试了许多其它的摩擦改性剂,然而,仍然存在对如下摩擦改性剂的需求:能够使含有摩擦改性剂的燃料添加剂包在低温下仍然为液体的摩擦改性剂;抗水解的摩擦改性剂;可以容易地配制成燃料添加剂包的摩擦改性剂;提供良好的燃料经济性益处的摩擦改性剂;以及为燃料输送系统提供除了别的特性之外尤其是磨损保护的摩擦改性剂。相应地,持续存在对具有制造成本有效性并且改善燃料的多重特性的燃料添加剂的需求。
发明内容
根据本公开,示例性实施方案提供了一种用于汽油燃料组合物的燃料添加剂,其包含(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的增效混合物,其中,所述增效混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1。
在另一实施方案中,提供了一种用于降低燃料系统组件磨损的汽油燃料组合物。该燃料组合物包含汽油以及(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的燃料添加剂混合物,其中,增效燃料添加剂混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1。
进一步的实施方案提供了一种用于降低汽油发动机磨损的方法。该方法包括:提供汽油,其含有降低磨损添加剂混合物,所述添加剂混合物基本上由(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物组成,其中,所述添加剂混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1;将添加剂混合物与汽油组合,以提供燃料组合物;和,使用所述燃料组合物运行发动机。
如上所述,单独地含有各组分的燃料添加剂组合物在低温下可能不稳定。因此,令人惊讶且相当出人意料的是,上述组分(i)和(ii)的混合物会提供在低温下仍然为液体的稳定添加剂组合物,并且还提供在含有该添加剂混合物的燃料组合物的磨损降低中的增效改进。该添加剂混合物还提供了合适的燃料经济性增值,其至少与由单独的组分提供的燃料经济性增值相当,或者更优。
在进一步的实施方案中,燃料组合物含有约10至约1500重量ppm,例如约40至约750重量ppm,或约50至约500重量ppm,或约50至约300重量ppm的增效添加剂混合物。
本发明公开了下列技术方案:
1.一种用于汽油燃料组合物的燃料添加剂,包含(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的增效混合物,其中,所述增效混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1。
2.根据方案1所述的燃料添加剂,其中,所述N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺包括下式的化合物
其中,R1是具有8至25个碳原子的烃基基团,R2和R3独立地选自含有2至4个碳原子的烃基基团,并且n的范围为1至4。
3.根据方案1所述的燃料添加剂,其中,所述酰胺反应产物是下式的化合物
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自可选自氢以及饱和或不饱和的含有6至30个碳原子的烃基基团,条件是R4和R5中不超过一个是氢,R6是含有1至10个碳原子的二价烃基基团,并且x是1或2。
4.根据方案3所述的燃料添加剂,其中,R4和R5独立地选自含有8至30个碳原子的烃基基团。
5.根据方案1所述的燃料添加剂,还包含一种或多种清净剂和一种或多种载体流体,其中,所述燃料添加剂在-20℃或更低的温度下仍然为澄清液体。
6.根据方案1所述的燃料添加剂,还包含季铵盐清净剂。
7.一种汽油燃料组合物,包含约10至约1500重量ppm的根据方案1所述的燃料添加剂,基于所述燃料组合物的总重量计。
8.根据方案7所述的汽油燃料组合物,其中,所述燃料组合物具有不超过690μm的高频往复试验机(HFRR)磨痕。
9.一种运行燃料喷射汽油发动机的方法,包括在所述发动机中燃烧根据方案7所述的燃料组合物。
10.一种用于降低燃料系统组件磨损的汽油燃料组合物,包含汽油以及(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的燃料添加剂混合物,其中,所述燃料添加剂混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1。
11.根据方案10所述的燃料组合物,其中,所述N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺包括下式的化合物
其中,R1是具有8至25个碳原子的烃基基团,R2和R3独立地选自含有2至4个碳原子的烃基基团,并且n的范围为1至4。
12.根据方案10所述的燃料组合物,其中,所述酰胺反应产物是下式的化合物
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自可选自氢以及饱和或不饱和的含有6至30个碳原子的烃基基团,条件是R4和R5中不超过一个是氢,R6是含有1至10个碳原子的二价烃基基团,并且x是1或2。
13.根据方案10所述的燃料组合物,包含约10至约1500重量ppm的燃料添加剂混合物,基于所述燃料组合物的总重量计。
14.根据方案10所述的燃料组合物,其中所述燃料添加剂混合物还包含一种或多种清净剂和一种或多种载体流体,并且其中,所述燃料添加剂混合物在-20℃或更低的温度下仍然为澄清液体。
15.一种运行燃料喷射汽油发动机的方法,包括在所述发动机中燃烧根据方案10所述的燃料组合物。
16.一种用于降低汽油发动机的燃料输送系统中的磨损的方法,包括:
提供汽油,其含有降低磨损添加剂混合物,所述添加剂混合物基本上由(i)N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物组成,其中,所述添加剂混合物中(i)与(ii)的重量比范围为约1∶5至约5∶1;
将所述添加剂混合物与汽油组合,以提供燃料组合物;和
使用所述燃料组合物运行发动机。
17.根据方案16所述的方法,其中,所述N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺包括下式的化合物
其中,R1是具有8至25个碳原子的烃基基团,R2和R3独立地选自含有2至4个碳原子的烃基基团,并且n的范围为1至4。
18.根据方案16所述的方法,其中,所述酰胺反应产物是下式的化合物
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自可选自氢以及饱和或不饱和的含有6至30个碳原子的烃基基团,条件是R4和R5中不超过一个是氢,R6是含有1至10个碳原子的二价烃基基团,并且x是1或2。
19.根据方案16所述的方法,其中所述燃料组合物包含约10至约500重量ppm的所述添加剂,基于所述燃料组合物的总重量计。
本公开的其它实施方案和优势将部分地阐述在随后的具体实施方式中,和/或可以通过本公开的实践习得。要理解的是,如所请求保护的那样,前述的发明内容以及随后的具体实施方式,均仅为示例性和解释性的,并非限制本公开。
具体实施方式
本公开的增效燃料添加剂混合物可以以次要量用于主要量的燃料中,并且可以直接加入到燃料中或者以添加剂浓缩物的组分的形式加入到燃料中。合适的燃料添加剂混合物可含有约1∶5至约5∶1的组分(i)与组分(ii)的重量比,例如约1∶3至约3∶1,或约1∶2至约2∶1,以及介于其间的所有范围。
如本文中所用,术语“烃基基团”或“烃基”以其常规含义使用,这是本领域技术人员所熟知的。具体而言,它指的是具有直接连接到分子其余部分的碳原子并且具有占主导地位的烃特性的基团。烃基基团的实例包括:
(1)烃取代基,即脂族(例如,烷基或烯基)、脂环族(例如,环烷基、环烯基)取代基,和芳族-、脂族-、和脂环族-取代的芳族取代基,以及其中环通过分子的另一部分来完成的环状取代基(例如,两个取代基一起形成脂环族基团);
(2)经取代的烃取代基,即含有非烃基团的取代基,在本文说明书的上下文中,该非烃基团不改变占主导地位的烃取代基(例如,卤代(尤其是氯代和氟代)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基、氨基、烷基氨基和硫氧基(sulfoxy)、砜基、亚砜基、磺酰基、磺基、磺酸酯基);
(3)杂取代基,即在本说明书的上下文中,尽管具有占主导地位的烃特性,但在除此之外由碳原子构成的环或链中还含有碳以外的原子的取代基。杂原子包括硫、氧、氮,并且涵盖诸如吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基之类的取代基。通常,在烃基基团中,对于每十个碳原子存在不超过两个,或者作为进一步的实例不超过一个的非烃取代基;在一些实施方案中,烃基基团中不存在非烃取代基。
如本文中所用,术语“主要量”应理解为表示大于或等于50重量%,例如约80至约98重量%的量,相对于组合物的总重量计。此外,如本文中所用,术语“次要量”应理解为表示少于50重量%的量,相对于组合物的总重量计。
双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺
N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺通常具有短链(C2-C4)羟基烷基基团和长链(C8-C25)烷基基团。此类的优选化合物是二羟基乙基椰油胺。用作高效摩擦降低剂的化合物具有下列结构:
其中,R1是具有8至25个碳原子,例如约10至20个碳原子,或12至18个碳原子的烃基基团,R2和R3独立地选自直链或支链的含有2至4个碳原子的烃基基团,并且n是范围为1至4的整数。合适的N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺是N,N-双(羟基乙基)正椰油烷基胺,其通常衍生自椰油脂肪酸,由此R1取代基的范围通常为C8至C18,其中C12和C14基团主要以直链为主。
前述化合物可使用本领域中熟知的任何用于制备乙氧基化胺的方法来制备。通常,乙氧基化胺可以通过合适的烃基胺与氧化乙烯的反应来制备,通常经过催化,以形成相应的乙氧基化胺。乙氧基化胺的实例包括,但不限于,二乙氧基化牛脂胺、二乙氧基化油胺、二乙氧基化硬脂胺以及来自豆油脂肪酸的二乙氧基化胺。脂肪胺乙氧基化物可广泛地商购得到。
汽油中羟基烷基-烷基胺(HAAA)添加剂的浓度通常为至少5重量ppm,例如约5至约750重量ppm,通常为约40至约500重量ppm,并且期望为约50至约250重量ppm,基于含有HAAA的汽油组合物的总重量计。
酰胺化合物
与上述双(羟基烷基)烷基胺化合物组合使用的酰胺化合物是下式的化合物
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自可选自氢以及饱和或不饱和的含有6至30个碳原子的烃基基团,条件是R4和R5中不超过一个是氢,并且R6是含有1至10个碳原子的二价烃基基团,且x是1或2。在一个实施方案中,R6含有1至4个碳原子,在另一实施方案中,R6是-CH2-。前述酰胺化合物可以通过使羟基取代的单羧酸与合适的伯胺或仲胺或醚胺反应制得。
酸可以选自乙醇酸、乳酸、3-羟基丙酸、γ-羟基丁酸和2,2-双(HOCH2)2丙酸。内酯,例如β-丙内酯、γ-丁内酯,以及酯类,例如乙醇酸甲酯或乙醇酸乙酯、乳酸甲酯或乳酸乙酯等等可用于替代酸来制备上述酰胺化合物。
根据本公开,任何合适的伯胺或仲胺或醚胺可以用于制备上式的酰胺化合物。代表性的胺包括,但不限于,异己基乙胺、异己基丙胺、2-乙基己胺、2-乙基己基乙胺、2-乙基己基丙胺、辛基/癸基乙胺、辛基/癸基丙胺、异癸基乙胺、异癸基丙胺、异十二烷基乙胺、异十二烷基丙胺、异十三烷基乙胺、异十三烷基丙胺、C12-C15-烷基乙胺、C12-C15-烷基丙胺、C16-C18-烷基乙胺、C16-C18-烷基丙胺,等等。
代表性的醚胺包括,但不限于,异己氧基乙胺、异己氧基丙胺、2-乙基己氧基乙胺、2-乙基己氧基丙胺、辛基/癸基氧基乙胺、辛基/癸基氧基丙胺、异癸氧基乙胺、异癸氧基丙胺、异十二烷氧基乙胺、异十二烷氧基丙胺、异十三烷氧基乙胺、异十三烷氧基聚丙氧基丙胺、异十三烷氧基聚-C2-C4-氧基丙胺、异十三烷氧基丙胺、C12-C15-烷氧基乙胺、C12-C15-烷氧基丙胺、C16-C18-烷氧基乙胺、C16-C18-烷氧基丙胺,等等。
一种或多种其它任选的化合物可以存在于所公开实施方案的燃料添加剂组合物中。例如,燃料添加剂可含有常规量的辛烷值改进剂、腐蚀抑制剂、冷流改进剂(CFPP添加剂)、倾点下降剂、溶剂、反乳化剂、润滑添加剂、其它摩擦改性剂、胺稳定剂、燃烧改进剂、分散剂、清净剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、传导性改进剂、金属钝化剂、载体流体、标记染料、有机硝酸酯点火加速剂、环戊二烯基三羰基锰化合物,等等。在一些方面,本文中所述的添加剂组合物可含有约10重量%或更少,或者在其它方面中,约5重量%或更少的一种或多种上述添加剂,基于添加剂组合物的总重量计。类似地,燃料可含有合适量的常规燃料共混组分,例如甲醇、乙醇、二烷基醚、2-乙基己醇,等等。
在一个实施方案中,燃料添加剂包可含有上述双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和羟基酸与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的增效混合物以及载体流体和选自一种或多种清净剂的其它成分,所述清净剂选自Mannich碱清净剂、聚烷基胺、聚烷基聚胺、聚烯基琥珀酰亚胺和季铵盐清净剂。季铵盐清净剂可选自下式的化合物
其中,R1、R2、R3和R4各自选自含有1至50个碳原子的烃基基团,其中,R1、R2、R3和R4中至少一个且不超过三个是含有1至4个碳原子的烃基基团,并且R1、R2、R3和R4中至少一个是含有8至50个碳原子的烃基基团,M-选自羧酸根、硝酸根、氮化物阴离子、亚硝酸根、连二次硝酸根、酚盐阴离子、氨基甲酸根、碳酸根及其混合,其中羧酸根不为草酸根或甲酸根;烷氧基化季铵盐,其衍生自环氧化物、叔胺和任选的质子化试剂;含有至少一个叔氨基基团的酰胺基胺或酰基化胺与环氧化物的反应产物;烃基取代的酸酐、叔胺与含羟基的环氧化物的反应产物;酯化季铵盐,其衍生自叔胺、环氧化物、质子给体和酸酐;选自C10-C30-烷基或烯基取代的酰胺基丙基二甲基胺和C12-C200-烷基或烯基取代的琥珀酸-羰基二甲基胺(succinic-carbonyldimethylamines)的含有至少一个叔氨基基团的烃基取代化合物与卤素取代的C2-C8-羧酸、酯、酰胺或其盐的反应产物;以及,两种或更多种上述清净剂的混合物。
合适的载体流体可选自任何合适的与汽油相容并且能够溶解或分散添加剂包的组分的载体流体。通常,载体流体是烃基聚醚或烃类流体,例如石油或合成润滑油基料,包括矿物油、合成油例如聚酯或聚醚或其它多元醇,或者氢化裂化基料或氢化异构化基料。可替代地,载体流体可以是汽油馏程中的沸腾馏出物(distillate boiling)。添加剂包中含有的载体流体的量的范围可以为10至80重量%,或20至75重量%,或30至60重量%,基于添加剂包的总重量计。已发现此类含有多羟基烷基醚胺添加剂、清净剂和载体流体的添加剂包甚至在低至-20至-30℃的温度下仍然为澄清流体。
本公开的添加剂混合物,包含用于配制本发明的燃料的上述N,N-双(羟基烷基)-烷基胺和酰胺化合物,以及任选的添加剂,可单独地或者以各种子组合的形式共混到基础燃料中。在一些实施方案中,本申请的增效添加剂混合物可使用添加剂浓缩物同时共混到燃料中,由于这利用了通过组合呈添加剂浓缩物形式时的成分所提供的相互兼容性和便利性的优势。而且,使用浓缩物可以减少共混时间并且降低共混失误的可能性。
本申请的燃料可应用到汽油发动机的运行中。发动机包括固定式发动机(例如,用于发电设施的发动机、用于泵站的发动机,等等)和移动式发动机(例如,在汽车、卡车、道路平整设备(road-grading equipment)、军用车辆中用作原动机的发动机,等等)。
实施例
下列实施例阐释了本公开的示例性实施方案。除非另行指明,在本申请的这些实施例以及其它之处中,所有份数和百分比均按重量计。意图在于,这些实施例仅出于阐释的目的呈现,而无意限制本文中公开的发明的范围。
在下列实施例中,使用E-10汽油燃料进行摩擦测试。所有试验(runs)含有E-10汽油和表中所列用量的添加剂。使用高频往复试验机(HFRR),使用方法ASTM D 6079进行摩擦测试,所述方法经修改以允许在25℃的温度下测试汽油。
表1
上表中的实施例编号1至8提供了基础燃料、基础燃料加清净剂和载体流体,以及基础燃料加清净剂和载体流体加添加剂混合物的每一组分各自的HFRR数据。如所示那样,所有实施例1-8均具有超过690微米的HFRR磨痕。相应地,令人惊讶且相当出人意料的是,实施例9-13的双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的混合物会提供相比单独的组分更低的HFRR磨痕。这样的成分组合的增效效果无法从实施例3-8的数据中预测得到。
本公开的增效燃料添加剂的重要特性是含有上述双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的增效混合物的燃料添加剂包的低温稳定性。在燃料添加剂包而非润滑剂组合物中提供添加剂的优点在于,随着燃料在发动机中燃烧,添加剂持续地得到更新。相比之下,随着润滑剂老化,由润滑剂所提供的添加剂通常随着时间耗尽。相应地,为了向燃料提供充足的添加剂以改善发动机的燃料经济性,含有前述双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的混合物的添加剂包必须稳定,并且在低温下保持稳定以有效用作燃料添加剂。“稳定”意味着经过一段时间,添加剂包在低至-20℃的温度下仍然为澄清液体。
在下列实施例中,将含有双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的增效混合物的汽油燃料添加剂包(实施例编号9-14)的贮存稳定性与仅含有两组分之一的添加剂包(实施例编号1-7)进行对比。实施例8含有实施例3和4的添加剂的非增效混合物。下表中的各个添加剂包含有53.85重量%的常用Mannich碱清净剂和芳族溶剂。各个实施例中的添加剂和芳族溶剂的用量在下表中给出。
表2
如表2中所示,含有双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的增效混合物的燃料添加剂(实施例编号9-14)各自在-20℃的温度下一周后保持澄清明亮(CB),而含有混合物的单独组分的添加剂包(实施例编号1-7)在-20℃下仅一天后即为固体或者浑浊。类似地,非增效混合物实施例8在-20℃下1天后为固体。相应地,双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的组合可以用来改善燃料添加剂组合物的低温贮存稳定性。
修改的序列VI E功率计测试(Sequence VI E Dynamometer Testing)
使用通用汽车3.6L(LY7)V6,4-循环发动机进行修改的序列VIE测试。测试燃料是无铅参比汽油,机油是配制的SAE 0W-20客车发动机油,其含有所有标准发动机油组分,但不含摩擦改性剂。将待测试的摩擦改性剂溶于少量序列VIE机油中,以制成顶级处理添加剂(top-treat)。顶级处理添加剂中摩擦改性剂的浓度使得当将其加入到曲轴箱中时,发动机润滑剂中摩擦改性剂的浓度为0.125重量%。使用基准发动机油在1500rpm,150N-m的扭矩,115℃的油温和109℃的冷却剂温度下运行发动机,直到温度得以稳定。在稳定后大约一小时左右测量制动比燃料消耗率(BSFC)。随后将含有摩擦改性剂的顶级处理添加剂加入到曲轴箱中。一旦加入顶级处理添加剂,BSFC经过大约五分钟的过程即降低。发动机运行直到BSFC得以稳定,此后大约1小时左右随后测量燃料消耗。由加入摩擦改性剂顶级处理添加剂之前和之后的平均BSFC来计算燃料经济性改进。列于表中的燃料经济性增值针对发动机小时数进行调整,并且基于定期测试的参比流体。
表3-燃料经济性增值
如上表所示,与不含增效混合物的基础油组合物相比,双(羟基烷基)烷基胺和酰胺的增效混合物提供了发动机油组合物方面的显著的燃料经济性增值。相应地,除了磨损降低和低温稳定性之外,增效混合物还有效地提供了汽油燃料方面的燃料经济性改进。
应当指出,如本说明书和所附权利要求书中所用,单数形式“一”、“一个/一种”和“该”包括复数指代物,除非明确且不含糊地限于一个指代物。因此,例如,提及“一种抗氧化剂”包括两种或更多种不同的抗氧化剂。如本文中所用,术语“包括”及其语法变型意在为非限制性的,以使得列举中项目的陈述不排除其它能够替代或添加至所列项目的类似项目。
出于本说明书和所附权利要求的目的,除非另行指明,否则在说明书和权利要求中使用的所有表示量、百分比或比例的数字以及其它数值,均应当理解为在所有情况下由术语“约”修饰。相应地,除非有相反的指示,否则在以下说明书和所附权利要求书中列出的数值参数是可以根据通过本公开寻求获得的所需性质变化的近似值。在最低限度,并且不试图限制将等价原则应用至权利要求的范围,各数值参数应当至少按照所报道的有效数字的数值并且通过应用普通的舍入技术来解释。
尽管已描述了特定的实施方案,但申请人或本领域其它技术人员可提出目前未预见到或可能目前未预见到的替代、修改、变型、改进及实质等价物。相应地,所提交且其可修改的所附权利要求意在包括所有这样的替代、修改、变型、改进和实质等价物。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于汽油燃料组合物的燃料添加剂,包含(i)N,N-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的增效混合物,其中,增效混合物中(i)和(ii)的重量比在1:5至5:1之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料添加剂,其中,所述N,N-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺包含下式化合物,
其中,R1是8-25个碳原子的烃基,R2和R3独立选自含有2-4个碳原子的烃基,以及,n在1和4之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料添加剂,其中,所述酰胺反应产物是下式化合物,
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自选自氢及饱和或未饱和的含有6-30个碳原子的烃基,前提是R4和R5至多一个是氢,R6是含有1-10个碳原子的二价烃基,以及x是1或2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃料添加剂,其中,R4和R5独立选自含有8-30个碳原子的烃基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃料添加剂,进一步包含一种或多种清洁剂和一种或多种载体流体,其中,燃料添加剂在-20℃或更低温度下仍为澄清液体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃料添加剂,进一步包含季铵盐清洁剂。
7.一种汽油燃料组合物,包含10至1500ppm重量份的权利要求1所述的燃料添加剂,基于所述燃料组合物的总重量。
8.根据权利要求7所述的汽油燃料组合物,其中,所述燃料组合物的高频往复测试仪(HFRR)磨损痕迹至多为690μm。
9.一种燃料直喷汽油发动机的运行方法,包含:在发动机中燃烧根据权利要求7所述的燃料组合物。
10.一种用于降低燃料系统组件磨损的汽油燃料组合物,包含汽油以及(i)N,N-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物的燃料添加剂混合物,其中,所述燃料添加剂混合物中(i)和(ii)的重量比在1:5至5:1之间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的燃料组合物,其中,所述N,N-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺包含下式化合物,
其中,R1是8-25个碳原子的烃基,R2和R3独立选自含有2-4个碳原子的烃基,以及,n在1和4之间。
12.根据权利要求10所述的燃料组合物,其中,所述酰胺反应产物是下式化合物,
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自选自氢及饱和或未饱和的含有6-30个碳原子的烃基,前提是R4和R5至多一个是氢,R6是含有1-10个碳原子的二价烃基,以及x是1或2。
13.根据权利要求10所述的燃料组合物,包含10至1500ppm重量份的所述燃料添加剂混合物,基于所述燃料组合物的总重量。
14.根据权利要求10所述的燃料组合物,所述燃料添加剂混合物进一步包含一种或多种清洁剂和一种或多种载体流体,其中,燃料添加剂混合物在-20℃或更低温度下仍为澄清液体。
15.一种燃料直喷汽油发动机的运行方法,包含:在发动机中燃烧根据权利要求10所述的燃料组合物。
16.一种降低汽油发动机的燃料输运系统中磨损的方法,包含:
提供汽油,其含有降低磨损添加剂混合物,后者实质上由(i)N,N-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺和(ii)羟基酸、羟基酯或内酯与胺或醚胺的酰胺反应产物组成,其中,所述添加剂混合物中(i)和(ii)的重量比在1:5至5:1之间;
将所述添加剂混合物与汽油混合,以提供燃料组合物;以及
运行使用所述燃料组合物的发动机。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述N,N-双(羟烷基)-烷基胺包含下式化合物,
其中,R1是8-25个碳原子的烃基,R2和R3独立选自含有2-4个碳原子的烃基,以及,n在1和4之间。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述酰胺反应产物是下式化合物,
其中,R4和R5相同或不同,各自选自氢及饱和或未饱和的含有6-30个碳原子的烃基,前提是R4和R5至多一个是氢,R6是含有1-10个碳原子的二价烃基,以及x是1或2。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述燃料组合物包含10至500ppm重量份的所述添加剂,基于所述燃料组合物的总重量。
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