CN107009707B - 复合纺织品 - Google Patents

复合纺织品 Download PDF

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CN107009707B
CN107009707B CN201611060701.XA CN201611060701A CN107009707B CN 107009707 B CN107009707 B CN 107009707B CN 201611060701 A CN201611060701 A CN 201611060701A CN 107009707 B CN107009707 B CN 107009707B
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composite fabric
weight
powder
parts
amino
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CN107009707A (zh
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黄泳彬
李君敏
叶佩宜
李荣哲
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INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
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Abstract

本发明提供一种复合纺织品，包括纺织物基材以及材料层，材料层形成于该纺织物基材之上，该材料层包括一混合物，该混合物包括含胺基的高分子以及粉体，该粉体分散于该含胺基的高分子之中，其中该含胺基的高分子包括聚乙烯亚胺、或聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物，该粉体包括具有掺杂元素的氧化锌、铟锡氧化物、具有掺杂元素的铟锡氧化物或上述的组合，其中以100重量份的该粉体为基准，该含胺基的高分子为0.1至40重量份。

Description

复合纺织品
技术领域
本发明是关于复合纺织品。
背景技术
一般而言，以毛、棉或化学纤维等材质为例，要提升保暖效果，通常需使用经纬密度高的织物或增加织物的厚度，但是这些方式会使得纺织成品的透气性变差且重量增加。因此，发展提升保暖效果的织物，使得使用者穿着相对少量的衣物便能获得足够的保暖效果，提升行动便利性，是时势所趋。
发明内容
本发明揭示一种复合纺织品，包括纺织物基材；以及材料层，形成于该纺织物基材之上，该材料层包括一混合物，该混合物包括，含胺基(amine)的高分子以及一粉体，其中该含胺基的高分子包括聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine)、或聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物，该聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物包括末端具乙氧基(ethoxyl group)的聚乙烯亚胺、末端具羧酸基(carboxylic acid group)的聚乙烯亚胺、末端具异氰酸酯基(isocyanate group)的聚乙烯亚胺或上述的组合，该粉体分散于该含胺基的高分子之中，该粉体包括具有掺杂元素的氧化锌、铟锡氧化物、具有掺杂元素的铟锡氧化物或上述的组合，其中以100重量份的该粉体为基准，该含胺基的高分子为0.1至40重量份。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种复合纺织品，由于复合纺织品包含纺织物基材与形成于纺织物基材之上的材料层，材料层包括一混合物，混合物包括含胺基(amine)的高分子以及粉体，使复合纺织品可具有良好的红外线吸收率与照光温升的功效。
根据本发明实施例，将混合物中的粉体分散于含胺基的高分子与溶剂之中，形成胶体混合物，将胶体混合物涂布在纺织物基材上，经干燥后得到复合纺织品。上述干燥过程可达到减少或去除溶剂。根据本发明实施例，将胶体混合物涂布在纺织物基材上，可以使胶体混合物部分渗入纺织物基材，形成复合层，复合层位于纺织物基材与材料层之间，该复合层包括部分该混合物以及部分该纺织物基材。亦可使胶体混合物几乎不渗入纺织物基材，因此材料层位于纺织物基材的表面。可视需求调整胶体混合物的加工性以形成或不形成复合层。
根据本发明实施例，添加至少一种高分子基质于胶体混合物中，形成混合溶液，将此混合溶液覆盖于离型基材(例如离型纸)上，覆盖的方法例如涂布，经干燥后得到膜材，将膜材转移至纺织物基材上，制得复合纺织品，复合纺织品中组合物位于纺织物基材之上。上述干燥过程可达到减少或去除溶剂。上述转移的方法可以是热压贴合(温度约60℃至150℃)到纺织物基材上。
根据本发明实施例，粉体可以是具有掺杂元素的氧化锌(doped zinc oxide)、铟锡氧化物(indium tin oxide)、具有掺杂元素的铟锡氧化物(doped indium tin oxide)或上述的组合。掺杂元素包括IIIB族元素(例如镓、铝或上述的组合)、铁、或上述的组合，在具有掺杂元素的氧化锌粉体中，以100重量份的氧化锌为基准，掺杂元素约为0.1至20重量份(例如约为1至6重量份)。若掺杂元素太少则可能造成红外线吸收率与照光温升效果不足。粉体的粒径可视需求选择，例如约为10nm至200nm。粉体的使用量可视需求调整，例如以100重量份的纺织物基材为基准，粉体可约为0.1至15重量份(例如约为1至10重量份)，若粉体太多则容易造成复合纺织品中的材料层的耐洗强度降低，若粉体太少则容易造成复合纺织品的红外线吸收率与照光温升效果降低。
根据本发明实施例，含胺基的高分子可以是聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine)或聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物，上述聚乙烯亚胺或聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物的型态可以是线性(linear)、分枝状(branched)、树枝状(dendrimer)或上述的组合。聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物可以是末端具乙氧基(ethoxyl group)的聚乙烯亚胺、末端具羧酸基(carboxylic acid group)的聚乙烯亚胺、末端具异氰酸酯基(isocyanate group)的聚乙烯亚胺或上述的组合。含胺基的高分子的重量平均分子量约为500至100000(例如约为1500至12000)。若重量平均分子量太大则容易造成胶体混合物黏度太高，若重量平均分子量太小则可能造成粉体容易沉降。根据本发明实施例，以100重量份的粉体为基准，含胺基的高分子约为0.1至40重量份(例如约为1至20重量份)。若含胺基的高分子太多，则容易造成胶体混合物黏度太高，若含胺基的高分子太少，则可能造成粉体容易沉降。
根据本发明实施例，溶剂可以使用二甲基乙酰胺(dimethylacetamide)、二甲基甲酰胺(dimethylformamide)二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)、或上述的组合，以100重量份的胶体混合物为基准，溶剂可为20至90重量份。若溶剂太多则胶体混合物中的粉体容易沉降，若溶剂太少则可能影响胶体混合物在涂布过程中的加工性。
根据本发明实施例，胶体混合物的胶体平均粒径约为150nm至390nm，界面电位(zeta potential)约为7mV至20mV。若胶体平均粒径太大则容易造成胶体混合物中胶体的分散不均匀及不稳定。若界面电位太小则容易造成胶体混合物中胶体的分散不稳定。
根据本发明实施例，高分子基质可以使用聚氨酯(polyurethane)、聚丙烯酸酯(polyacrylate)或上述的组合，以100重量份的粉体为基准，高分子基质可为50至10000重量份(例如约为100至1000重量份)。
根据本发明实施例，纺织物基材可以是聚乙烯纤维布、聚丙烯纤维布、聚酰胺纤维布、聚酯纤维布、棉纤维布、嫘萦纤维布、醋酸纤维布、毛纤维布或前述的组合。
根据本发明实施例，复合纺织品对于波长约在780nm以上(例如1,000nm至2,500nm)的红外线具有吸收能力。
在本发明的实施例中，上述复合纺织品还可以透过纺织物基材的选择而具有其他功能，例如抗紫外线、抗菌、抗静电、阳离子可染、高氨价低温可染、异形断面吸湿排汗或中空保暖等功能。
【胶体混合物】
实施例1
将100克掺杂镓的氧化锌(gallium doped zinc oxide)(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于5克聚乙烯亚胺(重量平均分子量约为10000)与400克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为199.5nm，界面电位约为15mV。在室温下观察其稳定性，约可维持溶液态至少2小时，甚至达6小时。
实施例2
将100克掺杂镓的氧化锌(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于5克聚乙烯亚胺(重量平均分子量约为1800)与400克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为310.8nm，界面电位约为11mV。在室温下观察其稳定性，约可维持溶液态至少2小时，甚至达6小时。
比较例1
将100克掺杂镓的氧化锌(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于5克聚丙烯酸(polyacrylicacid)(重量平均分子量约为8000)与400克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为227.7nm，界面电位约为4.8mV。在室温下观察其稳定性，约在2小时内凝聚形成果冻状(gelled)，不利加工。
比较例2
将20克掺杂镓的氧化锌(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于1克油酰基磷酸酯(oleylphosphate)与80克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为493.5nm，界面电位约为2.2mV。在室温下观察其稳定性，约在2小时内凝聚形成果冻状，不利加工。
比较例3
将20克掺杂镓的氧化锌(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于1克油胺(oleylamide)与80克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为642.5nm，界面电位约为5.0mV。在室温下观察其稳定性，约在2小时内凝聚形成果冻状，不利加工。
比较例4
将20克掺杂镓的氧化锌(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于1克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中，粒径分析测得平均粒径约为645.7nm，界面电位约为9.8mV。在室温下观察其稳定性，约在2小时内凝聚形成果冻状，不利加工。
表1
平均粒径(nm) 界面电位(mV) 稳定性
实施例1 199.5 15 可维持溶液态
实施例2 310.8 11 可维持溶液态
比较例1 227.7 4.8 凝聚形成果冻状
比较例2 493.5 2.2 凝聚形成果冻状
比较例3 642.5 5.0 凝聚形成果冻状
比较例4 645.7 9.8 凝聚形成果冻状
由表1可知，添加含胺基的高分子可使胶体混合物的胶体平均粒径约为150nm至390nm，且界面电位约为7mV至20mV，以达到胶体在胶体混合物中比较稳定的效果，有利于加工。
【复合纺织品】
实施例3
将200克掺杂铝的氧化锌(aluminum doped zinc oxide)粉体(Al/Zn＝0.4wt％)分散于6克聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine)(重量平均分子量约为1,800)与800克二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为240nm。测试其界面电位(zeta potential)约为12mV。
将此胶体混合物利用刮刀涂布在聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯纤维布的纺织物基材上，经干燥后，得到复合纺织品，测得掺杂铝的氧化锌粉体约占纺织物基材重量的0.15wt％。将该复合纺织品进行TN-037规范的照光温升试验，其温度高于未涂布胶体混合物的纺织物基材约2.1℃。进行红外线吸收率试验(测试波长约1,000nm至2,500nm)，其吸收率高于未涂布胶体混合物的纺织物基材约9％。其数据如表2所示。
实施例4
将200克掺杂镓的氧化锌(gallium doped zinc oxide)(Ga/Zn＝5.0wt％)分散于20克聚乙烯亚胺(重量平均分子量约为10,000)与800克二甲基乙酰胺(dimethylacetamide)溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为199nm。测试其界面电位约为15mV。
将此胶体混合物利用刮刀涂布在尼龙纤维布的纺织物基材上，经干燥后，得到复合纺织品，测得掺杂镓的氧化锌粉体约占纺织物基材重量的1.5wt％。将该复合纺织品进行TN-037规范的照光温升试验，其温度高于未涂布胶体混合物的纺织物基材约5.7℃。进行红外线吸收率试验(测试波长约1,000nm至2,500nm)，其吸收率高于未涂布胶体混合物的纺织物基材约14％。其数据如表2所示。
实施例5
将100克掺杂镓的氧化锌(Ga/Zn＝0.5wt％)分散于15克聚乙烯亚胺(重量平均分子量约为10,000)与150克二甲基乙酰胺溶液中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为310nm。测试界面电位约为9mV。
混合此胶体混合物、聚氨酯(polyurethane)(胶体混合物与聚氨酯的重量比约为1:4)与二甲基乙酰胺，形成混合溶液，利用滚轮涂布此混合溶液在离型纸上，经干燥后得到膜材，将此膜材以约120℃热压贴合到压克力/尼龙/嫘萦/羊毛混纺(重量比约为61:18:15:6)纤维布的纺织物基材上，制得复合纺织品，测得掺杂镓的氧化锌粉体约占纺织物基材重量的5wt％。将该复合纺织品进行TN-037规范的照光温升试验，其温度高于未贴合膜材的纺织物基材约8.5℃。进行红外线吸收率试验(测试波长约1,000nm至2,500nm)，其吸收率高于未贴合膜材的纺织物基材约18％。其数据如表2所示。
实施例6
将100克掺杂镓的氧化锌(gallium doped zinc oxide)(Ga/Zn＝1.2wt％)分散于20克聚乙烯亚胺(重量平均分子量约为900)与400克二甲基甲酰胺中形成胶体混合物，粒径分析测得胶体平均粒径约为350nm。测试其界面电位约为10mV。
混合此胶体混合物、聚氨酯(胶体混合物与聚氨酯的重量比约为1:4)与二甲基甲酰胺，形成混合溶液，利用滚轮涂布此混合溶液在离型纸上，经干燥后得到膜材，将此膜材以约120℃热压贴合到嫘萦/棉混纺纤维布(重量比约为60:40)的纺织物基材上，制得复合纺织品，其中掺杂镓的氧化锌粉体约占纺织物基材重量的0.15wt％。将该复合纺织品进行TN-037规范的照光温升试验，其温度高于未贴合膜材的纺织物基材约3.2℃。进行红外线吸收率试验(测试波长约1,000nm至2,500nm)，其吸收率高于未贴合膜材的纺织物基材约10％。其数据如表2所示。
表2
照光后温度(℃) 红外线吸收率(％)
实施例3 46.6 59.0
实施例3的纺织物基材 44.5 50.0
实施例4 51.0 66.0
实施例4的纺织物基材 45.3 52.0
实施例5 52.5 66.0
实施例5的纺织物基材 44.0 48.0
实施例6 46.7 59.0
实施例6的纺织物基材 43.5 49.0
由表2可知，本发明复合纺织品，其吸收红外线与照光温升效果良好。在一些实施例中可提升约20％的红外线吸收率，以及可提升约10℃的照光温升。可应用于具有保暖需求的布料，进一步应用于服饰、寝具和睡袋等产品。
虽然本发明是以数个实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本技术领域中具有通常知识者，在不脱离本发明的构思和范围内，当可作任意的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围当视权利要求所界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合纺织品，包括：
一纺织物基材；以及
一材料层，形成于该纺织物基材之上，该材料层包括一混合物，该混合物包括：
一含胺基的高分子，其中该含胺基的高分子包括聚乙烯亚胺、或聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物，该聚乙烯亚胺的衍生物包括末端具乙氧基的聚乙烯亚胺、末端具羧酸基的聚乙烯亚胺、末端具异氰酸酯基的聚乙烯亚胺或上述的组合；以及
一粉体，该粉体分散于该含胺基的高分子之中，该粉体包括具有掺杂元素的氧化锌、铟锡氧化物、具有掺杂元素的铟锡氧化物或上述的组合，其中以100重量份的该粉体为基准，该含胺基的高分子为0.1至40重量份，
其中，该复合纺织品通过如下方法制得：将该混合物中的该粉体分散于该含胺基的高分子与二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)之中，形成胶体混合物，将该胶体混合物涂布在该纺织物基材上，经干燥后得到该复合纺织品；或者，添加至少一种高分子基质于该胶体混合物中，形成混合溶液，将此混合溶液覆盖于离型基材上，经干燥后得到膜材，将膜材转移至该纺织物基材上，制得该复合纺织品。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中该混合物更包含至少一高分子基质。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中以100重量份的粉体为基准，该高分子基质为50至10000重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中该高分子基质包括聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯或上述的组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中该掺杂元素包括IIIB族元素、铁、或上述的组合。
6.如权利要求5所述的复合纺织品，其中该IIIB族元素包括镓、铝、或上述的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中以100重量份的该氧化锌为基准，该掺杂元素为0.1至20重量份。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中该含胺基的高分子的重量平均分子量系500至100000。
9.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中以100重量份的该纺织物基材为基准，该粉体为0.1至15重量份。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合纺织品，其中该纺织物基材包括聚乙烯纤维布、聚丙烯纤维布、聚酰胺纤维布、聚酯纤维布、棉纤维布、嫘萦纤维布、醋酸纤维布、毛纤维布或上述的组合。
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