CN107001776A - 生物可降解的聚酯的折断能力改性剂 - Google Patents
生物可降解的聚酯的折断能力改性剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107001776A CN107001776A CN201580057866.9A CN201580057866A CN107001776A CN 107001776 A CN107001776 A CN 107001776A CN 201580057866 A CN201580057866 A CN 201580057866A CN 107001776 A CN107001776 A CN 107001776A
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- weight
- epoxidised
- pla
- product
- oil
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Abstract
本发明涉及制品,其包括单层或多层热塑性材料,所述材料包含(i)38.00至99.95重量%,优选67.00至99.9重量%,更优选57.00至99.85重量%的聚乳酸,(ii)0.05至4.90重量%,优选0.10至2.90重量%,更优选0.15%至2.00重量%,甚至更优选0.2至1.00重量%,最优选0.25%至0.75重量%的环氧化的植物油;(iii)0至60.00重量%,优选0至40.00重量%,更优选0至30.00重量%的另外的添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
Description
目前广泛地将石油基塑料如聚烯烃、苯乙烯系聚合物、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚氯乙烯用于包装应用。取决于应用,所选择的类型的聚合物在成本或技术性质如冲击强度、加工能力、气体阻隔功能等方面具有益处。
然而,关于天然资源和全球变暖讨论使非石油来源及生物可降解的原料在包装工业中越来越受关注。那些生物来源的和更可持续的材料显然是常规包装材料的替代。
在过去,与石油基塑料相比,不同的缺点如成本、可得性和技术限制确实使生物塑料在塑料工业中没有较高的接受性。可持续性的附加价值不能弥补塑料转化器的缺点。特别是对于精密应用如膜挤出和热成型而言,可利用的替代品并不足够。
由于提升可得性和与其它非油基聚合物相比的技术性质如良好的冲击强度,聚乳酸(PLA)在包装应用中已成为替代品并且倾向于取代聚合物如聚苯乙烯和聚乙烯。PLA具有与这些聚合物相当的性质,如透明性和低移动倾向。PLA包装的潜在应用通常是具有挑战性制造方法如挤出的片材的热成型的那些。结果可能是遍及制品的开裂、表面上的划痕和加工材料期间的麻烦。
为防止热塑性塑料受损,广泛使用聚合物改性剂以确保冲击改性和降低脆性。这些改性剂通常为热塑性或非热塑性弹性体(塑性体)或核-壳改性剂。这些由弹性体核和丙烯酸系壳构成。常规的食物包装(例如用于饮料、酸奶或凝乳)通常是热成型的、经挤出的片材,以生产容器如杯和大口杯。通常由PS和PET制成的这些容器可以包括在若干相连的容器的组中(也称为“合装包”),所述容器以刻痕或预切割线分割以具有预定破裂点。该破裂点确保分割以在容器(如杯)在方向上的正确角度和力并且无碎片或切口的破裂。该行为在下文中应被称为“折断能力”。在其它实施方案中,所述容器是边缘对应于全切割线的单一容器。
由聚苯乙烯制成的容器(如杯)几乎不需要用于热成型和预切割容器(如杯)的应用的抗冲改性剂。它们的折断能力可以通过凹口的深度控制而不对大口杯产生任何破坏。
由PLA制成的容器(如杯)可能太脆并且在沿着预切割线切割或分开后边缘不整齐:在边界处形成裂纹和/或在垂直于预切割线的方向上有破裂。存在对于在切割和/或预切割时有清晰并且直的边缘的制品的需要。还存在对于能有良好折断能力的制品的需要。
US-5908918A要求保护可降解的抗冲改性剂和可降解的增塑剂的用途,其提供包装膜的抗冲击改性和柔韧性,同时维持组合物的生物可降解的。然而,这样的配制剂并不提供期望的雾度水平并且试验已显示折断能力不与高水平的抗冲击改性相对应。在一些实施方案中,将环氧化的大豆油用作增塑剂,其量为至少5重量%。
在WO-2008051443A1中,将聚丙交酯树脂与丙烯酸系核-壳橡胶颗粒共混以产生良好的冲击强度和透明性。这采用具有特定Tg和折射率的颗粒的正确分散而实现。然而,这些组合物就其效率而言是广泛已知的,但并非生物来源的并且可能损坏降解性。然而存在对比核-壳化合物更有效率的添加剂的需要。
US-20110082224A1要求保护将具有大于250nm的平均粒度的核-壳抗冲改性剂施加至生物可降解的聚酯。改性的生物可降解的聚酯具有良好的抗冲击性质。然而在一些应用中,需要更具透明性。存在对于比核-壳化合物更有效率的添加剂的需要。
CN-103146160A中公开了一种方法,用于将生物可降解的聚酯共聚。然而这些共聚物是复杂并且昂贵的化合物。存在对便宜并且可实施途径,以将商业上可得的生物可降解的聚酯改性(优选采用包含提供必不可少的性质(如透明性和折断能力改性)的添加剂的母料)的需要。
CN-102321287B满足通过向聚乙烯混合10至30重量%的聚乳酸、至少3重量%的环氧基植物油和增容剂获得的生物可降解的聚乙烯膜的制造方法和组合物。所描述的具有50-100μm的厚度的所述膜不仅具有生物可降解性,但也显出良好的抗拉强度及抗冲改性。
文件US-5798435公开了通过乳酸和环氧化的油共聚获得的共聚物。存在不使这样的共聚成为必要的材料的需要。同时,所述文件在实施例17和18中公开了包含共混在聚乳酸中的0.2%或0.5%的环氧化大豆油的组合物。测试这些组合物的粘度及在注射成型时的挤出黏着。然而,对于这些组合物并不考虑单层或多层制品,并且未提出其潜在性质。
文件WO-2014/067923描述了基于PLA的多层制品,其包含核/壳聚合物抗冲改性剂。具有如1重量%的抗冲改性剂的制品显出良好折断能力。然而所述核/壳聚合物昂贵并且不是生物基的。存在对更有效的添加剂(在类似浓度下提供增加效果和/或在较低浓度下提供同等效果)的需要。同时,核/壳聚合物型抗冲改性剂导致不透明的制品。存在可以为透明的制品的需要。
存在对处理至少一个上述需要或问题的化合物和制品的需要。另外,存在对提供生物基的允许在聚乳酸片材中的良好折断能力的添加剂的需要。
以提供最小抗冲击改性效果的浓度使用的常规抗冲改性剂通常导致不能破裂和太软的片材。
此外,需要仍提供透明性并且为生物基的改性剂。
本发明涉及制品,其包括单层或多层热塑性材料的,所述材料包含
(i)38.00至99.95重量%,优选67.00至99.90重量%,更优选57.00至99.85重量%的聚乳酸,
(ii)0.05至4.90重量%,优选0.10至2.90重量%,更优选0.15%至2.00重量%,甚至更优选0.20至1.00重量%,最优选0.25%至0.75重量%的环氧化的植物油;
(iii)0至60.00重量%,优选0至40.00重量%,更优选0至30.00重量%的另外的添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,
所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
本发明还涉及制品,其包括单层或多层热塑性材料,所述材料由以下组成或基本上由以下组成:
(i)38.00至99.95重量%,优选67.00至99.90重量%,更优选57.00至99.85重量%的聚乳酸,
(ii)0.05至4.90重量%,优选0.10至2.90重量%,更优选0.15%至2.00重量%,甚至更优选0.20至1.00重量%,最优选0.25%至0.75重量%的环氧化的植物油;
(iii)0至60.00重量%,优选0至40.00重量%,更优选0至30.00重量%的另外的添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,
所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
便利地,如果存在所述另外的添加剂,则其0.01至60.00重量%,优选0.1至40.00重量%,更优选0.25至30.00重量%的量存在,基于所述单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量(100%)计。
定义
在本申请中,非发泡的聚乳酸(PLA)材料是指基本上耗尽正好在所述PLA中或在包埋于所述PLA中的微球中的气体内含物的聚乳酸。非发泡的PLA典型地具有高于1.2的密度。非发泡的PLA也被称为“致密的PLA”。
在本申请中,经发泡的聚乳酸(PLA)材料是指包含气体内含物(优选正好在所述PLA中,典型地与在包埋于所述PLA中的微球中的气体内含物截然不同)的聚乳酸。经发泡的PLA典型地具有至多1.2,优选小于1.2,优选至多1.1的密度。
在本申请中,“添加剂”是指可被添加至聚乳酸或其它热塑性材料中的产物。
在本申请中,“总拉伸比”是指在制品开口的表面(对应于片材的热成型区域)与经生长的热成型部分的表面(对应于与模具接触的塑料表面)之间的比例。
在本申请中,“局部拉伸比”或“局部牵引比”是指在热成型部分的局部区域的拉伸比。局部拉伸比可以通过将所述热成型部分的局部厚度除以在热成型前的初始厚度估算。非热成型的部分(如凸缘)典型地具有该初始厚度。
在本申请中,折断能力(折断力)是指在弯曲诱导(flexural solicitation)下,所述制品的一部分沿着预切割线或凹口可分开的能力。例如,特别良好的折断能力允许在不多于二次弯曲诱导中,优选在一次弯曲诱导中,沿着预切割线或沿着凹口破裂,其中所述预切割线或凹口具有包含所述凹口或预切割线的片材的总厚度的小于75%,优选小于65%的最小(预切割)深度。
已发现,天然来源的环氧化的油,优选环氧化的植物油在用作热成型的PLA片材中的改性剂时,提供如前文定义的有利的折断能力和高透明性。
在一个方面,本发明涉及环氧化的植物油作为在任选热成型的聚乳酸片材中的折断能力改性剂的用途。
聚乳酸(PLA)是由可再生来源制成的热塑性聚合物。其具有明显的生物可降解性。通常将PLA塑料片材用于制备热成型的容器。
已知PLA由于其单体单元乳酸的手性特性而以多种不同形式存在。本文中使用的PLA包括均聚物聚(L-乳酸),其中乳酸的结构单元是L-乳酸;均聚物聚(D-乳酸),其中乳酸的结构单元是D-乳酸;聚(DL-乳酸),其中乳酸的结构单元是不同比率的L-乳酸和D-乳酸的混合物。
在本发明中,PLA可以通过本领域中已知的任何方法获得。典型地使用的方法包括丙交酯单体的开环聚合、乳酸的直接缩聚和乳酸的脱水缩合。
聚乳酸的重量平均分子量优选在约50,000至500,000道尔顿,更优选100,000至300,000道尔顿范围内。
通常将植物油定义为来自甘油的酯(所谓的甘油三酸酯),其从植物或植物种子提取。甘油三酸酯可以衍生自具有C6至C22链长的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸酯。环氧化的植物油在本发明的意义上例如是环氧化的大豆油(ESBO)、环氧化的豆油脂肪酸甲酯MSO、环氧化的亚麻籽油、环氧化的妥尔油、环氧化的花生油、环氧化的蓖麻油、环氧化的椰子油、环氧化的棕榈油、环氧化的玉米油、环氧化的红花油或其混合物。最优选的环氧化的植物油是ESBO。ESBO可由大豆油制造,所述大豆油由大豆种子提取。
在本发明的意义上,环氧化的植物油是指不与乳酸共聚的化合物。另外,在本发明的单层或多层热塑性材料中,聚乳酸和环氧化的植物油是共混物并且不彼此共聚。
环氧化的植物油典型地以产生良好的折断能力、冲击强度和/或透明性的量使用。优选地,在任选热成型的聚乳酸片材中用作折断能力改性剂的环氧化的植物油的量在0.05至4.90重量%之间,优选在0.10至2.90重量%之间,更优选在0.15至2.00重量%之间,甚至更优选在0.20至1.00重量%之间,最优选在0.25至0.75重量%,相对于所述任选热成型的聚乳酸片材的总重量计。
环氧化的植物油可以是母料形式,其中将其分散在聚合物基质(典型地为热塑性基质,例如PLA或烯属不饱和单体的聚合物如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)中。基质在本文中并无资格作为添加剂。这样的母料可以包括例如5重量%至90重量%的聚合物基质,优选10重量%至60重量%。这样的母料可以包括另外的添加剂,例如下位详述的添加剂。在特别的实施方案中,除所述基质和天然来源的环氧化的油以外,母料不含另外的添加剂和/或填料。
在特定实施方案中,所述材料包括以下或由以下组成或基本上由以下组成:
(i)88.00至99.85重量%的聚乳酸,
(ii)0.15至2.00重量%的环氧化的植物油;
(iii)0至10.00重量%的另外添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,
所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及多层制品,其包括(A)至少一个非发泡的聚乳酸的层和(B)至少一个经发泡的聚乳酸的层,其中(A)或(B)或者(A)和(B)包含环氧化的植物油,优选其量为0.05至4.90重量%,优选0.10至2.90重量%,更优选0.15至2.00重量%,甚至更优选0.20至1.00重量%,最优选0.25至0.75重量%,相对于包含所述环氧化的植物油的一个或多个层的重量计。
在本申请中,经发泡的层可以通过发泡剂,优选放热型发泡添加剂(也称为起泡剂)发泡。合适的发泡剂是公知的那些,例如偶氮二甲酰胺类、亚硝基化合物、酰肼类和柠檬酸和柠檬酸衍生物、它们的盐和酯、碳酸氢钠或其使用时的混合物。最普遍地,使用所谓的经改性的偶氮二甲酰胺,其为与发泡催化剂如ZnO、硬脂酸锌的结合的偶氮二甲酰胺。也可能是与有机物质如酸和碱的组合。
便利地,如果使用发泡剂,则以0.1至3重量%,优选0.25至2.5重量%的量使用,相对于经发泡的层的总重量计。
要提及的是,聚乳酸材料可以包括典型地在聚合之后添加的交联剂,如过氧化物。在最优选的实施方案中,聚乳酸材料不包含这样的交联剂。已令人惊讶地发现这样的交联剂是无用的。
可以母料形式添加添加剂,其中将添加剂分散在聚合物基质,例如PLA或烯属不饱和单体的聚合物如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中。
包括经发泡和非发泡的层的制品可以是片材或膜的形式。其典型地具有厚度e。其典型地具有两个其它维度如长度l和宽度b。典型地,其它维度l和b二者是厚度的至少10倍,优选至少100倍。塑料片材或膜可以典型地具有0.1mm至5mm,优选0.5mm至2mm,优选0.6mm至1mm的厚度。厚度实例为0.5mm、或0.7mm、或0.8mm、或0.9mm、或1mm。宽度可以典型地为20cm至200cm。长度可以为至少200cm。塑料片材可以以卷的形式存在。
在另一实施方案中,制品包括热成型的部分。
所述制品可以包括单层或多层。其可由2个或3个层构成。其可以例如是双层材料(层A)-(层B)。其可以是三层材料(层A)-(层B)-(层C)。其可以是三层材料(第一层A)-(层B)-(第二层A)。第一层A和第二层A可以相同或不同。它们优选是相同的。制品优选包括至少19重量%,优选至少38重量%的层B。
沿着制品厚度,按厚度计的层的量可以对应于以下属性:
-一个或多个层A:10%至75%,
-层B:25至90%,
总和为厚度的100%。
在优选的实施方案中,沿着制品厚度,按距离计的层的量可以对应于以下厚度属性:
-第一层A:5%至37.5%,
-层B:25至90%,
-第二层A:5至37.5%,
总和为厚度的100%。
按层的重量计,层的量可以为如下:
-一个或多个层A:12.4%至93%,
-层B:19%至68.4%,
总和为100重量%。
在优选的实施方案中,按重量计的量为如下:
-第一层A:6.2%至46.5%,
-层B:19%至68.4%,
-第二层A:6.2%至46.5%,
总和为100重量%。
在优选的实施方案中,经发泡的聚乳酸材料具有0.5至1.2,优选0.75至1.1的密度。可对此选择发泡添加剂及其量。在优选的实施方案中,经发泡的聚乳酸材料包含0.1至5重量%,优选地1重量%至4重量%的经膨胀的微球。在优选的实施方案中,制品(包括全部的层)具有0.75至1.2,优选0.75至低于1.2或至低于1.0的密度。
经成型的部分优选具有至少2.5,优选至少3,优选至少4,优选至少5的拉伸比。所述制品可以包括不经受任何拉伸的部分,所述部分在本文中被认为是非热成型的部分。制品可以典型地通过使材料中的塑料片材热成型而获得。
热成型是本领域技术人员已知的方法。其典型地包括在加热塑料材料如片材下拉伸,这典型地通过在型腔中施加机械手段如插入和/或通过抽吸进行。所述机械手段可以任选通过在压力下施加气体而增强。
制品的热成型的部分可以具有在50μm至2mm,优选60μm至800μm,优选70μm至400μm范围内的厚度。
所述材料和方法在呈现如附图2、3和4中所示的以下特征的至少一个或几个的制品中特别令人感兴趣:
-所述制品是容器(1),其具有中空本体(2)和任选的至少一个凸缘(10),所示中空本体限定所述热成型的部分,所述中空本体配备有开口(8);
-所述中空本体(2)至少部分地被封条覆盖;
-所述中空本体(2)包括:
●与所述开口(8)相反的底部(3),
●呈现至少一部分,优选下部(13)的侧壁(2a),其未被封条(18)覆盖;
-所述开口(8)是通常圆形的开口并且所述底部(3)具有通常圆形的外边缘;
-所述侧壁(2a)具有高度h2的通常圆柱形的上部(12)和高度h1的从所述上部向所述底部(3)以曲线方式锥化的下部(13),所述上部和所述下部在圆周交叉线处交叉和相连;
-所述底部(3)是平坦的底部,并且其中所述圆周交叉线与所述平坦的底部相隔基本上恒定的距离,具有高度h1的下部(13)对应于所述容器(1)的高度H的小部分;
-所述上部(12)的高度h2是恒定的,比例h2/H在3:5与6:7之间,并且优选地在2:3与4:5之间;
-比例h2/H低于或等于3:4;
-所述侧壁(2a)具有厚度属性,从而使得所述下部(13)的平均厚度大于所述上部(12)的平均厚度;和/或
-所述开口(8)具有小于所述容器(1)的高度H并且大于所述下部(13)的高度h1的内径。
要提及的是,具有未被封条覆盖的下部的制品是对于制造、均匀性和/或机械性质具有特别挑战性的制品,其中发现使用矿物填料特别有利。
如图2和3所示,所述制品优选为具有热成型的部分(其典型地呈中空本体2的形式)和任选的一个或多个凸缘(例如环状凸缘10)的容器1。所述中空本体2为热成型的部分,其优选配备有连续圆弧截面,优选圆形截面。每个凸缘10典型地为非热成型的部分。在特别的实施方案中,所述中空本体12包括环状侧壁2a,其代表未被封条18或类似的装饰性条状物覆盖的至少一个部分。
所述制品可以由具有例如大于300μm,优选至少500μm,优选至少750μm,优选750至1500μm的厚度的片材热成型。所述凸缘如果存在于所述制品中的话,则典型地具有这样的厚度。
参见图2、3和4,所述容器1的中空本体2具有由底部3沿着纵轴X延伸直到开口端的侧壁2a。所述本体2的侧壁2a是管状的并且适合在与轴向开口18相邻的上部区域A中被封条,优选圆柱形封条或贴纸覆盖。在图示的非限制性实施方案中,该轴向开口是圆形开口8。更一般地,应理解的是,所述纵轴X在此是所述本体2和所述开口8的中心轴。所述封条18的固定以已知的方式进行。
在此,所述容器1包括与所述本体2整合并且与所述本体2顶端连接的通常平坦的环状凸缘10。所述凸缘10在限定所述开口8的内边缘与限定所述凸缘10外围的外边缘之间径向延伸。所述本体2的侧壁2a具有直接与所述凸缘10连接的通常圆柱形的上部12和由所述上部12向所述底部3以曲线方式(如图2和图4中显而易见的)锥化的下部13。
可以看出,所述上部12和下部13在圆周交叉线(在此是圆形的)处交叉和相连。在所述凸缘10的基本上圆形的接合处与同样基本上圆形的圆周交叉线之间,上部区域A限定用于接受所述封条18的通常圆柱形的表面。所述封条18可以通过模内贴标签方法等添加。在侧壁2a上在圆周交叉线处可以存在或不存在适合用于维持装饰性条状物的小梯阶或台肩。这样的梯阶从通过所述上部12限定的圆柱形表面凸出不多于约0.5mm。
如图4显而易见的是,所述圆周交叉线与所述平坦底部3隔开并且处于基本上恒定的距离,和所述下部13的高度h1对应于所述容器1的高度H的小部分。可以意识到的是,所述容器1的高度H大于所述中空本体2的较大尺寸。优选地,所述上部12的高度h2并不明显大于所述圆柱形上部12的外径D并且可能小于该外径D,例如如图2和4的实施例中那样。根据围绕所述容器1的任意视线,可见到上部区域A近似正方形,所述上部12的高度h2稍微小于(与最大值差15%),等于或不超过所述开口8的内径和/或所述本体2的外径D或类似表观宽度的大于10-15%。采用这样的布置,所述上部12对于显示信息而言特别有用并且典型地被矩形封条或呈袖状标签形式的类似形状的条状物覆盖。
因此,所述本体2高于宽度,这基本上是因为所述下部13的明显高度h1。由于该高度h1是明显的并且例如在14与24mm之间(所述高度H例如为不大于约65或75mm),所以接近所述底部3的圆形外观是清楚明显的。所述下部13在此从所述底部3直到圆周交叉线是连续圆曲线的。
参见图2、3和4,用于贴合封条18的确定区域A可以具有高度b1,其不大于所述上部12的高度h2。因此在所述凸缘10与所述封条的上边(在此是直线边缘)之间可能存在任选的小间隙。在此,与所述凸缘10的距离b2可以仅为约1-4mm。在图示的实施方案中,所述封条18的下边缘不延伸至所述圆周交叉线下方以致所述下部13仍未被覆盖。
在此为固定的所述上部12的高度h2(当然所述高度h2为采用h2=H-h1获得)可占所述高度H的至少等于0.6并且不大于0.86的分数。所述下部13的高度h1因此小于所述高度H的约2/5的分数。比例h1/H因此可能在0.14与0.4之间。比例h2/H因此可能在2:3与4:5之间,并且可以选择优选小于或等于3:4。结果是,获得具有软性过渡(soft transition,即如图2中所示的具有大的弯曲半径R)的所述下部13的圆弧化并且在没有使邻近所述底部3的区域中有任何特定的厚度增加下所述底部3附近的机械性质是良好的。所述良好机械性质(尤其是如抗压缩性)允许使用邻近底部3的相对低厚度(在未覆盖的下部13中)。包括(i)、(ii)和任选的(iii)的材料特别有效地形成具有低厚度范围的热成型部分。
在食物包装工业中,可以将塑料容器1彼此上下堆叠从而形成可以在托盘上分层的叠堆。托盘上的负重可以远大于500kg。这样的叠堆允许处于底部的包装物品承受上方的包装制品的压缩负荷。因此,特别令人感兴趣的是,所述未覆盖的下部13(不以任意方式强化)可承受高压缩。有利地,所述下部13的截面如图2上方显示而是圆形的。更一般地,所述中空本体2可以配备有圆形截面,具有外径D的上部12。
仍参见图2、3和4,当使用0.25-0.27或0.27-0.29或0.29-0.31的比例h1/H时,获得上部12的高度与下部13的高度之间良好折衷(尤其是用于节省塑料材料)。大于0.2的比例h1/H对于在所述下部32与所述底部3之间的接合处具有较不明显的角度是优选的。比例h1/H不大于0.32对于具有足够的上部区域A也是优选的。另外,至少因为基本上在此可在本体2的上部30中获得厚度减少,所以具有相对大的上部区域A是有利的。
现在参见图3和4,所述底部3可以配备有凹陷或朝向外部的凹面的凹处。在该凹处周围限定的所述底部3的环状部分的直径小于在本体2的顶部限定的圆形开口8的直径。配备有这样的凹处(优选单一中心的凹处)的底部3具有较高强度以更好地支持压缩负荷。当然,所述底部3仍可以被认为是通常平坦的底部3,这至少因为所述底部3具有平面形状并且当所述底部3与水平基础载体接触时(纵轴X是垂直的),所述容器1适合保持垂直。当然,所述凹处的高度优选非常小,例如约0.5mm。
参见图2,可以看出所述上部12为圆柱形,因此限定高度h2的基本上垂直的壁。基本上垂直被理解为与垂直相比具有5°的容许角度。在所示的实施例中,不能认为所述上部12在所述本体2的顶部明显较大,因为小于2°并且例如仅约1°的角度相对所述纵轴X的垂直方向来限定。该角度是如此小以致使用者将自然地解释所述上部12为圆柱形。也可以意识到,所述上部12的外径D可被认为是恒定的,因为该角度典型地小于2°并且所述上部12的高度h2典型地小于50-70mm。因此要理解的是,D也代表所述圆周交叉线的外径。
参见图2和3,所述本体2的侧壁2a在所述上部12和所述下部13的横截面中具有通常圆形的截面。在所述上部12中,通常圆形被理解为包括圆形和横截面的大尺寸与横截面的小尺寸的比例小于1.1的椭圆形。
现在参见图2和4,可以看出,所述上部12决定虚构的筒(在此是虚构的圆柱体),其围绕所述纵轴X纵向延伸并且具有外径D。因为锥化的下部13的曲线形状,所以本体2的底部3具有变圆的外边缘,其与所述虚构的筒径向地分隔开,以限定在所述变圆的外边缘与所述虚构的筒之间的基本上恒定的径向距离e。获得具有相对大的弯曲半径R的所述下部13的曲线形状,从而使得所述径向距离e明显小于所述底部3的直径d的一半。因此,所述底部3足够宽,以在容器1放置在水平载体上时为其提供良好垂直稳定性。优选地,满足以下关系0.8<d/D<0.9以具有稳定的底部3。比例e/h1在1/6与1/3之间并且优选在1/5与3/10之间(并且更优选小于0.29)。采用这样的构型,获得下部13的轻微弯曲并且下部12提供另外的表面以正确地夹住容器1。将要注意的是,当具有相对薄的侧壁2a(尤其是在所述上部12中)时,增加侧壁2a的拉伸比并非易事。
参见图2,为了具有下部13中的良好机械性质并且使容器1具有足够的稳定性,所述径向距离e可以在3与7mm之间。
容器
所述制品可以是容器,例如用作乳制品容器,如酸奶杯的容器1。本发明还涉及容器1,其填充有食物或非食物产品,优选乳制品,优选基于乳(乳是动物乳或植物乳代替品如豆浆或米乳)的产品,优选发酵乳制品,例如酸奶。所述容器1可以具有酸奶杯形状,例如具有正方形截面或带有圆角截面的正方形或圆形截面。所述容器1可具有锥化的底部,优选锥化的圆底。所述容器1具有壁(垂直于所述截面),典型地为管状侧壁2a,其可以配备元件如贴纸或封条18。元件如封条18可有助于再次强化所述容器的机械抗性。
填充有食物或非食物产物的容器1可包括封闭元件以密封所述开口8。凸缘10限定用于封闭元件与所述容器1的容纳部分贴合的支持表面。所述封闭元件保持在所述侧壁2a上方一定距离。密封薄膜或薄箔(其任选地适合与食物接触)可形成所述封闭元件。当所述容器1配备有凸缘10时,所述封闭元件可以具有与所述凸缘相同的通用切口。
所述容器1可以是例如50ml(或50g)至1L(或1kg)的容器,例如50ml(或50g)至80ml(或80g),或80ml(或80g)至100ml(或100g),或100ml(或100g)至125ml(或125g),或125ml(或125g)至150ml(或150g),或150ml(或150g)至200ml(或200g),或200ml(或200g)至250ml(或250g),或250ml(或250g)至300ml(或300g),或300ml(或300g)至500ml(或500g),或500ml(或500g)至750ml(或750g),或750ml(或750g)至1升(或1kg)的容器。
方法
本发明还涉及制造如前文所描述的制品的方法,其包括以下步骤:在加热至150至250℃的温度下于挤出机中混合聚乳酸、环氧化的植物油和任选的另外的添加剂并且挤出或共挤出混合物。
热塑性材料可在形成单层或多层制品之前或在形成所述制品期间制备。热塑性材料如PLA可以以粉末、丸粒或粒料形式引入。
如果一个层包含若干种成分的混合物,则可在形成制品时混合这些成分,典型地在挤出机中。可以制造添加剂母料以待与热塑性材料混合。在另一实施方案中,可以使用预混合的配混物,其典型地为粉末、丸粒或粒料形式。有用的方法典型地包括混合聚乳酸、若干种成分和发泡剂的步骤和加热以活化所述发泡剂的步骤。加热温度可以例如为150℃至250℃,优选150℃至200℃。可以在混合步骤期间或在另外的步骤中进行加热。混合和/或加热可以于挤出机中在挤出步骤中进行。在形成多层热塑性材料的优选的实施方案中,将所述层共挤出,典型地从熔化形式的各材料流共挤出。共挤出方法是本领域已知的。这些方法典型地包括将单独的流通过并排分开的模口挤出。在所述模口之后,所述流冒出并且形成至少一个界面。双层制品具有一个界面并且三层制品具有两个界面。然后将材料冷却以形成固体制品。可以在共挤出之后进行适当处理,从而获得期望的产品,例如片材或膜。处理步骤例如为压制处理、压延或拉伸。这些处理步骤的参数如温度、压力、速度、处理次数可以适应于获得期望的产物,例如片材。在一个实施方案中,所述制品为通过包括共挤出和压延的方法制备的片材。
在一个实施方案中,制品是由塑料片材获得的热成型的容器。热成型的制品优选通过以下获得:
1)挤出单层片材或具有至少层A和层B的多层片材以获得多层塑料片材,和
2)将所述塑料片材热成型以获得容器。
热成型是已知操作。可以将片材热成型以获得期望形状的最终产品。要提及的是,一些拉伸在热成型时发生。热成型可以例如利用Form Fill Seal(FFS)热成型生产线进行。所述热成型可以包括以下步骤:
-在导引链(即钉或钳口)上引导片材;
-通过加热接触板加热片材;
-利用阴模,通过成型柱塞和空气压力来辅助而成型。所述模可以包括或可以不包括标签。
在Form Fill Seal热成型生产线中,在所述热成型之后典型地进行以下步骤:
-将所产生的成型品用产品填充,然后用盖膜热密封,
-最后,将它们切割并且任选地通过机械修剪工具预切割。
本发明的另外的细节或有利之处在以下非限制性实施例中可以显而易见。
实施例
使用以下材料实施实施例。除非另外指明,否则百分比意指重量%。
PLA:
由NatureWorks销售的2003D-包括96.3%的L-丙交酯单元和3.7%的D-丙交酯单元的聚乳酸。
ESBO:
由HOBUM Oleochemicals GmbH销售的ESBO
MB1:
75重量%的PLA和25%的ESBO的母料。
MB2(对比):
50重量%的PLA和50%的150(基于丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物的核壳添加剂)的母料
化学发泡剂(CFA-MB):
80重量%的PLA和20%的柠檬酸的母料。
致密的(非发泡的)PLA片材:
根据以下程序制备的各种单层PLA塑料片材。
程序:
采用具有45mm内径和24D长度的挤出机将材料(PLA和MB1或MB2)挤出。沿着所述螺杆的温度为180与200℃之间。将熔化的PLA经过温度在185与195℃之间的模口挤出以制造致密的片材。然后将片材在温度为约40℃的3个辊上压延以控制所述片材厚度。
片材厚度:0.75mm。
发泡的PLA片材:
根据以下程序制备三层PLA膨胀塑料片材。
通过共挤出制造具有一个发泡的PLA内层和两个致密PLA外层的多层结构。
所述发泡的PLA内层的材料(PLA、CFA和MB1或MB2)采用具有45mm内径和24D长度的Fairex挤出机挤出。采用CFA,沿着所述螺杆的温度属性在165与230℃之间。
所述两个致密外层的材料(PLA及MB1或MB2)采用一台具有30mm内径和26D长度的挤出机挤出。然后,将所获得的熔融的塑料材料在进料区块中分成两道不同的流以形成两个致密外层。沿着螺杆的温度在165与195℃之间。在挤出机之后,将不同材料流经过通过两个薄平面隔开不同通道(模口)进料至进料区块通道。在所述隔开平面末端,所述三个流冒出并且形成两个界面,并且经过温度在185与195℃之间的模口挤出片材。然后将片材在具有温度约40℃的3个辊上压延。第一与第二压延辊之间的压力保持至0以使泡体结构稳定化并且避免膨胀的结构的任何塌陷。
片厚度:0.95mm。
致密PLA酸奶杯:
根据以下程序将致密塑料片材热成型成酸奶杯。然后分析并且评价所述杯。
程序:
将片材引入F.F.S.热成型生产线,然后采用以下参数热成型成125g杯:
-加热板温度:90℃;
-利用6个加热步骤逐渐加热片材,每个加热箱具有140ms的关闭时间;
-所述热成型步骤采用常规的毡成型柱塞进行;
-模型温度固定在20℃以冷却所述PLA材料;
-成型空气压力:4.5巴;
-发泡时间:450ms;
-机械速度:30冲程/分钟;
-模型底部与柱塞最低点之间的距离:3mm;
-杯形状:如图1a和图1b所示;
-封条:无。
将所述酸奶杯以两排排列成4个相连的杯的包装(所述包装也被称为“合装包”)并且被切割成x4相连的杯(称为“合装包”),而在所述4个杯的每一对相邻杯之间有预切割线或类似的接合处。所述预切割线在F.F.S(Form Fill Seal)设备上完成。
发泡的PLA酸奶杯:
根据以下程序将发泡的塑料片材热成型成酸奶杯。然后分析并且评价所述杯。
程序:
将片材引入F.F.S.热成型生产线,然后采用以下参数热成型成125g杯:
-加热板温度:110℃;
-利用6个加热步骤逐渐加热片材,每个加热箱具有140ms的关闭时间;
-所述热成型步骤采用常规的毡成型柱塞进行;
-模型温度固定在40℃以活化标签热熔体和冷却所述PLA材料;
-成型空气压力:4.5巴;
-发泡时间:450ms;
-机械速度:32冲程/分钟;
-模型底部与柱塞最低点之间的距离:5mm;
-杯形状:如图2所示。总拉伸比为5.6。
-封条:有。
将所述酸奶杯以两排排列成4个相连的杯的包装14(所述包装也被称为“合装包”)并且被切割成x4相连的杯(称为“合装包”),而在所述4个杯的每一对相邻杯之间有预切割线15或类似的接合处,如在图3中所示的实施例中那样。所述预切割线15在F.F.S(FormFill Seal)设备上完成。
实施例1:PLA致密体
PLA致密片材结构(每个片材的厚度:0.75mm)
实施例1.1:98.0%PLA+2.0%MB1(0.5%的ESBO)
实施例1.2:98.0%PLA+2.0%MB2(对比的1%的Biostrength 150)
评价-折断能力:
折断能力用手测量确定,其中标度等级代表所述杯在弯曲诱导下被分开的能力:
-标度0-在三次诱导时不破裂或不沿着所述预切割线;
-标度1-在三次诱导时破裂并且沿着预切割线;
-标度3-在二次诱导时破裂并且沿着预切割线;
-标度5-在一次诱导时破裂并且沿着预切割线。
然后,比较折断能力与预切割深度以确定获得良好折断能力所需的最小预切割深度。
-所述预切割线的深度通过光学显微镜测量至少3次。
表1:实施例1.1的折断能力结果
预切割深度[%] | 45 | 48 | 54 | 57 | 58 | 62 | 70 | 71 | 76 | 83 |
折断能力 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
需要至少58-63%的预切割深度以获得良好的折断能力。
表2:对比实施例1.2的折断能力结果
预切割深度[%] | 39 | 42 | 45 | 50 | 53 | 62 | 73 | 76 | 90 |
折断能力 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
需要至少约50-55%的预切割深度以获得良好折断能力。
结论:对于实施例1.1和对比实施例1.2而言,获得良好折断能力所需的预切割深度被认为是基本上相等的,然而添加剂的量除以2(在实施例1.1中为0.5%的ESBO,在对比实施例1.2中为1%的150)。等效的试验显示:使用0.5%的150并不导致良好的折断能力(不管预切割深度如何)。
评价-折断能力
表4:实施例2.1的折断能力结果
预切割深度[%] | 32.8 | 34.9 | 37.0 | 40.2 | 41.8 | 42.3 | … | 62.9 |
折断能力 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | … | 5 |
需要至少35-40%的预切割深度以获得良好的折断能力。
表5:实施例2.2的折断能力结果
需要至少40-45%的预切割深度以获得良好的折断能力。
实施例3:抗冲击性
PLA致密-注射拉伸骨架
-实施例3.1:98.0%PLA+2.0%MB1
-实施例3.2(对比):98.0%PLA+2.0%MB2
-实施例3.3(对比):100%PLA
评价-冲击强度
通过Izod缺口方法测量冲击强度。用于测量Izod缺口的样品已在ArburgAlrounder 320M Golden Edition注射成型机上注射成型以产生用于根据EN ISO 179-1/1eA测量的样品。
表6:冲击强度实施例3
已令人惊讶地发现:采用ESBO(与Biostrength 150相反)没有观察关于冲击强度的增强,但ESBO有助于更好地管理折断能力。
实施例4:片材的透明度
PLA致密片材结构(每个片材的厚度:0.75mm)
-实施例4.1:98.0%的PLA+2.0%的MB2(对比的1%的Biostrength 150)
-实施例4.2:98.0%的PLA+2.0%的MB1(0.5%的ESBO)
评价-雾度测量
严格按照标准ASTM D 1003测定雾度水平。
采用Minolta Spektrophotometer CM-3600d(其几何形状符合ASTM D1003Section 8:Procedure B Spectrophotometer)进行测量。用于测定雾度水平的软件是Spectra Magic。
所述标准利用两个不同的CIE标准光源:源A(典型的家用钨丝灯)和C(平均日光)。使用这二者。
表7:
实施例的结论:
以上所示的实施例证实:ESBO(MB1)对于所述应用具有特定性能。即使其不具有经证实的抗冲改性剂功能,但其赋予了与核/壳抗冲改性剂基本上相同的折断能力性能,但采用二分之一那么少的量的添加剂并且赋予更好的透明度。
Claims (16)
1.制品,其包括单层或多层热塑性材料,所述材料包含
(i)38.00至99.95重量%的聚乳酸,
(ii)0.05至4.90重量%的环氧化的植物油;
(iii)0至60.00重量%的另外的添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,
所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述材料包含:
(i)88.00至99.85重量%的聚乳酸,
(ii)0.15至2.00重量%的环氧化的植物油;
(iii)0至10.00重量%的另外添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,
所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制品,其中所述植物油为具有C6至C22链长的饱和或不饱和的脂肪酸酯的甘油三酸酯。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的制品,其中所述环氧化的植物油是环氧化的大豆油、环氧化的豆油脂肪酸甲酯、环氧化的亚麻籽油、环氧化的妥尔油、环氧化的花生油、环氧化的蓖麻油、环氧化的椰子油、环氧化的棕榈油、环氧化的玉米油、环氧化的红花油或其混合物。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的制品,其中所述制品为多层制品,其包括(A)至少一个非发泡的聚乳酸的层A和(B)至少一个发泡的聚乳酸的层B,其中(A)或(B),或者(A)和(B)包含环氧化的植物油。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的制品,其为塑料片材。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的制品,其中所述制品包括热成型的部分,优选具有至少2.5的总拉伸比。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制品,其中所述制品为容器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制品,其为具有中空本体(2)和任选的至少一个凸缘(10)的容器(1),所述中空本体限定所述热成型的部分,所述中空本体配备有开口(8)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制品,其中所述中空本体(2)至少部分地被封条覆盖。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的制品,其中所述容器为合装包形式的杯或单独的杯形式的杯。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的制品,其中所述材料由以下组成:
(i)38.00至99.95重量%的聚乳酸,
(ii)0.05至4.90重量%的环氧化的植物油;
(iii)0至60.00重量%的另外的添加剂,选自抗冲改性剂、增塑剂、交联剂、发泡剂、填料、着色剂、稳定剂、润滑剂及其混合物,
所述重量百分比为相对于单层或多层热塑性材料的总重量计并且加和为100%。
13.用于制造根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的制品的方法,包括以下步骤:在加热至150至250℃的温度下于挤出机中混合聚乳酸、环氧化的植物油和任选的另外的添加剂并且挤出或共挤出混合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括热成型的步骤。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中以母料形式添加所述环氧化的植物油。
16.环氧化的植物油作为折断能力改性剂在任选热成型的聚乳酸片材中的用途。
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EP14003129.5 | 2014-09-10 | ||
EP14003129.5A EP2995448A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2014-09-10 | Snap ability modifier for biodegradable polyesters |
PCT/EP2015/070076 WO2016037918A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2015-09-02 | Snap ability modifier for biodegradable polyesters |
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CN107001776A true CN107001776A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CN107001776B CN107001776B (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
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US (1) | US20170260360A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2995448A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN107001776B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112017004618B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2960744A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2017003119A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2708850C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG11201701816VA (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI745274B (zh) |
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CN112770979A (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-05-07 | Sabic环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于食品包装的多杯布置 |
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WO2014068348A1 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | Sa Des Eaux Minerales D'evian Saeme | Article comprising polylactic acid layers and process of making the same |
WO2019113713A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-20 | University Of Guelph | Biodegradable nanostructured composites |
TWI647002B (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-01-11 | 統一企業股份有限公司 | Food quality evaluation device and method |
USD967716S1 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-10-25 | E. Hofmann Plastics Inc. | Assembly of food containers |
USD1034238S1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2024-07-09 | Compagnie Gervais Danone | Set of pots |
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- 2015-09-02 CN CN201580057866.9A patent/CN107001776B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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BR112017004618B1 (pt) | 2022-03-29 |
EP3191296A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
EP2995448A1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
RU2708850C2 (ru) | 2019-12-11 |
MX2017003119A (es) | 2018-01-26 |
RU2017111682A3 (zh) | 2019-01-31 |
TW201623436A (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
CA2960744A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
BR112017004618A2 (pt) | 2017-12-05 |
WO2016037918A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
TWI745274B (zh) | 2021-11-11 |
RU2017111682A (ru) | 2018-10-10 |
SG11201701816VA (en) | 2017-04-27 |
CN107001776B (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
US20170260360A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
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