CN106998068A - 电动汽车的充电站的负荷控制 - Google Patents

电动汽车的充电站的负荷控制 Download PDF

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CN106998068A
CN106998068A CN201710049019.9A CN201710049019A CN106998068A CN 106998068 A CN106998068 A CN 106998068A CN 201710049019 A CN201710049019 A CN 201710049019A CN 106998068 A CN106998068 A CN 106998068A
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charging station
power plant
physics
power
charging
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温弗雷·摩尔
弗兰克·梅林
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Bender GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67—Controlling two or more charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/52—Wind-driven generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • H02J7/0021—
    • H02J7/0027—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于控制充电站提供给电动汽车的电功率的方法，充电站由生成可再生能源的电厂供电，该电厂设置在距离充电站足够近的位置，以使得作用在电厂位置处并确定电厂生成的功率的物理和气象参数值与充电站的位置处的参数值基本相等。在充电站的位置处测量物理和气象参数，并通过根据测得的物理和气象参数改变充电电流的方式控制充电站提供的电功率。此外，本发明还涉及采用上述的控制供电功率的方法的电动汽车的充电站。

Description

电动汽车的充电站的负荷控制
技术领域
本发明涉及控制充电站提供给电动汽车的电功率的方法，充电站由生成可再生能源的电厂供电，该电厂设置在距离充电站足够近的位置，以使得作用在电厂的位置处并决定电厂生成的功率的物理和气象参数值与充电站的位置处的参数值基本相等。
本文，术语“控制”在包括“闭环控制”的广义上使用。
此外，本发明还涉及实施上述控制供电功率的方法的电动汽车的充电站。
背景技术
已知，电动汽车的电能存储装置在充电站定期充电。充电站可以设置在家庭范围内，也可以是公共或者半公共使用的充电站。所述公共/半公共的充电站通常装备有充电控制器，充电控制器根据充电电网设施预先设定的最大功率并根据与车辆的车载充电装置相连的电能存储装置可吸收的功率控制充电电流。
随着电动车辆数量的增加，目前的情况是，同时连接到充电站进行充电的能量存储装置的数量不断增加。这转而导致负荷信息的波动和难以预测，并导致供电网络中的高峰值负荷。特别是对于用于生成可再生能源的电厂，存在在高电力需求的阶段电力短缺的风险，反之，在低需求和高电力供给的时间，由于馈入电网的功率超过需求的功率，因此可能发生电网超负荷。后一种情况下，可以在馈入管理期间由电厂操作者在馈入侧减小用于生成可再生能源的电厂的输出。
然而，在负荷侧，关于在可预测和安排的安全操作的意义上如何保障充电稳定性，以及在供电安全意义上如何高度可靠地保持充电网络的质量，目前现有技术中尚没有任何经济上合理的措施。尽管可以想象，对于未来的电动汽车中的受控直流充电，可以通过万维网接口远程减小充电电流，并且这在技术上也是可行的，但是这种方式的负荷控制需要充电站具有可通信的联网。然而，以充电站的高级负荷管理为目的的这种联网似乎相当复杂，并且由于当前消耗的总(充电)功率仍然相对很低，目前也尚未实现。
随着可再生能源的大势所趋，分散的地区性的太阳能或风能电厂提供的能量不断增加，产生的电能也被紧邻发电厂的地区消耗。
在这些电厂中，生产能力高度依赖于电厂位置处的物理和气象条件，例如，对于光伏电厂依赖于太阳光的辐射，对于风能电厂则依赖于风速。从地域的角度说，本发明目前是基于此类电厂设置在距离充电站(负荷)足够近——以至于决定电厂产生的功率的物理和气象参数值与在电厂的位置处和与在充电站的位置处至少是近似相等——这一假设。例如，这适用于入射在充电站的位置处且同时入射在设置在距离充电站几千米范围内的光伏电厂的光辐射。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于控制充电站提供的电功率，以使得在上述近似相等的物理和气象参数值的条件下充电网络设施的稳定性和质量能够可靠地保证。
就方法而言，这一目标的实现结合如下特征：测量充电站的位置处的物理和气象参数，且通过根据测得的物理和气象参数改变充电电流的方式控制充电站提供的电功率。
本发明的基本思想是有利地基于将充电站提供的电功率调整到生成可再生能源的电厂生成的功率，以通过这种本地负荷管理避免充电网络设施的电力不足或超负荷。
为此目的，在充电站的位置处测量确定电厂生成的功率的物理和气象参数。由于充电站和生成可再生能源的电厂在物理上接近，可以假定在充电站的位置处测量的参数值在发电厂的位置处仍有效，从而可以用做该电厂生成的功率的测度。
作为另一步骤，通过根据测得的物理和气象参数改变充电电流的方式控制充电站提供的电功率。由此，当参数值表明供电电厂的生产能力下降时，通过减小充电站的最大允许充电电流，避免峰值负荷。反之亦然，当馈入大功率的时候可以增加最大允许充电电流以抵消输入电力过量导致的本地电网超负荷。这样，通过这种参数相依的本地负荷控制保持功率的消耗和产生的平衡，以保障电网的稳定性，从而保证可预测的可靠运行。
由于可再生能源中的天气相依的波动而允许随时间而剧烈变化的供电状态可以被用于提供作为产生的功率的函数的可变电价，并基于由此而改变的需求获得平衡的负荷分布，同时避免峰值负荷，以及从而达到能够高度可靠供能的高电网质量。
在生成可再生能源的电厂是光伏电厂的情况下，有利地测量在充电站的位置处入射的光辐射作为物理和气象参数。
由于光伏电厂生成的功率高度取决于吸收的光辐射，后者理论上适合作为测量参数以用于根据所述测量参数将充电电流调整到生产能力。
在进一步的方法实施例中，入射光辐射的测量结果用于评估位置紧邻充电站的路灯的功能。
从而，作为额外的益处，入射光辐射的测量结果可以用于对位于充电站的光传感器的检测范围内的路灯进行功能测试和功能监控。同时，由于路灯地点和充电站因共享供电线路的原因经常是彼此紧挨着地设置的，也使上述实施例具有合理性。由于接收的光辐射强度的信息从充电站传输到中央操作节点，因此不必真的驱车经过照明点进行视觉检验。
在生成可再生能源的电厂是风能电厂的情况下，优选地测量在充电站的位置处的风速作为物理和气象参数。
可以将风速作为测量值以就风能电厂的区域输入功率而言做出推论和调整充电站提供的功率到这一生产能力。
在参数控制的负荷控制之外，发生充电电流的时间相依的控制。
在时间相依的控制中，在参数控制之外，可以考虑特定的时间段，在这些时间段中可以期望可预测的生产能力。
从入射的光辐射的角度，例如在区分光是日光还是来自路灯的人造光时，可以以这种方式考虑白天和夜晚的区别；或者是在负荷控制中考虑基于天气预报预期的光照周期或强风周期。
同时，通过通信装置传输在充电站位置处测得的物理和气象参数。
物理和气象参数的数据传输使能当前测得的参数值的远程查询。可以对由充电站发送并由操作节点接收的参数值进行评估用于进一步处理，从而获得连接到产生可再生能源的电厂的所有充电站的区域亮度分布的更精确的描述，并对负荷分布进行上级的控制。
记录的参数值可以进一步用于提炼天气数据或对路灯进行监测和开关。
至于装置，这一目标的实现结合如下特征：充电站由生成可再生能源的电厂供电，所述电厂设置在距离充电站足够近的位置，以使得作用在电厂的位置处并决定电厂生成的功率的物理和气象参数值与在充电站的位置处的参数值近似相等，充电站包括测量装置和控制装置，测量装置用于确定物理和气象参数，控制装置通过根据测得的物理和气象参数改变充电电流的方式控制充电站提供的电功率。
实现根据上述实施例的本发明的方法，充电站包括用于确定物理和气象参数的测量装置。
物理和气象参数由测量装置检测并被转换成电子控制信号。测量装置的测量传感器被放置为使得在充电站位置处的测量条件很大程度上符合在生成可再生能源的电厂处的条件。
控制装置根据测得的物理和气象参数调整充电电流，以使得不发生峰值负荷，并建立尽可能平衡的负荷分布。
在产生可再生能源的电厂是光伏电厂的情况下，测量装置被实现为用于测量光辐射的光传感器。
由于光辐射被用作光伏电厂产生的功率的测度，因此测量装置被实现为光传感器。
在风能电厂的情况下，测量装置被实现为用于测量风速的风速计。
另外，控制装置被实现为时间相依的控制器。
由时间相依的控制器扩展的控制装置允许将具有可预测生产能力的时间段考虑进来。
在另一实施例中，充电站包括用于传输测得的物理和气象参数值的通信装置。
例如为了连接到生成可再生能源的电厂的充电站的下级负荷控制的目的，或者为了进一步使用天气观察的过程中的数据或者为了开关路灯，这一实施例允许对测得的参数值进行进一步处理。
附图说明
从下面的描述和从借助示例对本发明较佳实施例进行说明的附图中，其它较佳实施例的特征将变得明显。图中：
图1示出了在阳光照射下根据本发明的充电站；
图2示出了在路灯下根据本发明的充电站；
图3示出了根据本发明的充电站的功能模块示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在阳光照射下根据本发明的充电站2。通过实现为光传感器5的测量装置6检测入射的光辐射4作为物理和气象参数。充电站具有用于连接带有可重复充电的能量存储装置8的电动汽车10(见图3)的充电插座12。
在图2中，根据本发明的充电站2被示为在路灯14的附近。路灯14发出的光辐射4被光传感器6接收，并且可被评估以用于评价路灯14的功能。
图3示出了根据本发明的充电站的功能模块示意图。除了对应于待测的物理和气象参数的测量装置6被实现为光传感器5(图1,2)或风速计之外，例如，充电站2还具有包括控制装置22的充电控制器20。控制装置22例如通过根据测得的光辐射4(图1，图2)改变充电电流23的方式控制充电站2提供的电功率。通过控制线(控制导引)24在充电站2和电动汽车10之间交换控制信号。
此外，充电站2包括通信装置26，通过其可以传输物理和气象参数的值以用于进一步的，例如，在中央操作节点的，外部处理。
负荷继电器30将供电充电网络与充电站2分隔开。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于控制充电站(2)提供给电动汽车(10)的电功率的方法，充电站(2)由生成可再生能源的电厂供电，所述电厂设置在距离充电站(2)足够近的位置，以使得作用在电厂的位置处并确定电厂生成的功率的物理和气象参数值与在充电站(2)的位置处的参数值近似相等，所述方法包括以下步骤：
测量充电站(2)的位置处的物理和气象参数；
通过根据测得的物理和气象参数改变充电电流(23)的方式控制充电站(2)提供的电功率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
生成可再生能源的电厂是光伏电厂，测量在充电站(2)的位置处的入射光辐射(4)作为物理和气象参数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，
入射光辐射(4)的测量结果用于评估位置紧邻充电站的路灯的功能。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
生成可再生能源的电厂是风能电厂，测量作用在充电站(2)的位置处的风速作为物理和气象参数。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
充电电流(23)是时间相依控制的。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
通过通信装置(26)传输在充电站(2)的位置处测得的物理和气象参数。
7.一种电动汽车(10)的充电站(2)，充电站由生成可再生能源的电厂供电，所述电厂设置在距离充电站足够近的位置，以使得作用在电厂的位置处并确定电厂生成的功率的物理和气象参数值与在充电站(2)的位置处的参数值近似相等，其特征在于，所述充电站(2)包括：
测量装置(6)，用于确定所述物理和气象参数；以及
控制装置(22)，用于通过根据测得的物理和气象参数改变充电电流(23)的方式控制充电站(2)提供的电功率。
8.根据权利要求7所述的充电站，其特征在于，
产生可再生能源的电厂是光伏电厂，且测量装置(6)被实现为用于测量光辐射(4)的光传感器(5)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的充电站，其特征在于，
产生可再生能源的电厂是风能电厂，且测量装置(6)被实现为用于测量风速的风速计。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任意一项所述的充电站，其特征在于，
控制装置(22)被实现为时间相依的控制器。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任意一项所述的充电站，其特征在于，还包括：用于传输测得的物理和气象参数值的通信装置(26)。
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