CN106978214A - A kind of system and method for refuse pyrolysis - Google Patents

A kind of system and method for refuse pyrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106978214A
CN106978214A CN201710271798.7A CN201710271798A CN106978214A CN 106978214 A CN106978214 A CN 106978214A CN 201710271798 A CN201710271798 A CN 201710271798A CN 106978214 A CN106978214 A CN 106978214A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
red mud
pyrolysis
gas
entrance
outlet
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CN201710271798.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蔡先明
王福佳
肖磊
张安强
贾懿曼
吴道洪
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Beijing Shenyuan Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Beijing Shenyuan Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710271798.7A priority Critical patent/CN106978214A/en
Publication of CN106978214A publication Critical patent/CN106978214A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909Drying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983Additives
    • C10J2300/0986Catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of system and method for refuse pyrolysis.The system includes rubbish pretreatment unit, pyrolysis oven, red mud pretreatment unit, charcoal gasification unit;Red mud pretreatment unit includes red mud dryer and red mud disintegrating machine;The charging aperture of the granulated garbage outlet connection pyrolysis oven of rubbish pretreatment unit, the dry red mud entrance of the dry red mud outlet connection red mud disintegrating machine of red mud dryer, the red mud particle outlet of red mud disintegrating machine connects the charging aperture of pyrolysis oven, and the discharging opening of pyrolysis oven connects the pyrolytic carbon entrance of charcoal gasification unit.The present invention reduces pyrolysis energy consumption, improves refuse pyrolysis rate of gasification by the use of red mud as heat carrier pyrolysis rubbish, it is to avoid tar blockage problem.

Description

A kind of system and method for refuse pyrolysis
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of waste treatment, more particularly to a kind of system and side that refuse pyrolysis is carried out using red mud Method.
Background technology
At present, rate of rise is about 10% to China's domestic waste yield in recent years, National urban consumer waste innocent Handling rate requirement reaches more than 80%.In recent years, the trash processing way of more prevalence is pyrolysis and gasification.Pyrolysis be The decomposition reaction carried out under the reducing atmosphere of anoxic or anaerobic, it is innoxious thorough, it is unfavorable for generating dioxin.Tool is produced simultaneously There are artificial combustion gas, fuel oil and the solid carbon of certain calorific value.So, pyrolysis has huge potential advantages.But, pass through heat merely Solution processing house refuse, not only needs higher temperature, high energy consumption, and the tar that pyrolysis is produced can reduce factor of created gase and thermal effect Rate, liquid can be also condensed into low temperature, and a series of problems, such as causing air delivering pipeline to block, corrode is combined with water and dust.Cause This is, it is necessary to which pyrolytic process adds catalyst degradation pyrolysis temperature, and improves generator yield.But traditional catalyst such as calcium base is urged Agent, nickel-base catalyst etc. are expensive, and application cost is higher, and there is deactivation prob, thus it is more difficult in large-scale experiment and It is applied in production.Seeking a large amount of cheap catalyst turns into a problem for being badly in need of solving at present.
Red mud is that aluminium industry extracts the contaminative waste residue discharged during aluminum oxide, and average often produces 1t aluminum oxide, attached Band produces 1.0~2.0t red muds.Along with the production of aluminium, substantial amounts of red mud cannot get sufficiently effective utilization, can only be by big The stockyard of area is stacked, and occupies a large amount of soils, serious pollution is also caused to environment.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of system and method for refuse pyrolysis, and solid is used as using red mud Heat carrier, is pyrolyzed rubbish, and red mud is conducive to organic matter thermal decomposition, tar thermal cracking, it is to avoid the problems such as tar is blocked.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of system of refuse pyrolysis, including rubbish pretreatment unit, pyrolysis oven and Red mud pretreatment unit;
The rubbish pretreatment unit includes garbage inlet and granulated garbage is exported;
The pyrolysis oven includes charging aperture, discharging opening, gas outlet and fuel gas inlet, and the furnace bottom of the pyrolysis oven is rotatable;
The red mud pretreatment unit includes red mud dryer and red mud disintegrating machine;
The red mud dryer includes red mud entrance and dry red mud is exported;
The red mud disintegrating machine includes dry red mud entrance and red mud particle outlet;
The charcoal gasification unit includes charcoal gasification furnace and lime-ash warehouse;The charcoal gasification furnace includes pyrolytic carbon entrance, gasification Agent entrance, the outlet of gasification gas and lime-ash outlet;The lime-ash warehouse includes lime-ash entrance;
The charging aperture of the granulated garbage outlet connection pyrolysis oven of the rubbish pretreatment unit, the red mud dryer The dry red mud outlet connection red mud disintegrating machine dry red mud entrance, the red mud particle outlet connection institute of the red mud disintegrating machine The charging aperture of pyrolysis oven is stated, the discharging opening of the pyrolysis oven connects the pyrolytic carbon entrance of the charcoal gasification furnace, the charcoal gasification furnace The gasification gas outlet connection pyrolysis oven fuel gas inlet, the lime-ash outlet connection lime-ash warehouse of the charcoal gasification furnace Lime-ash entrance.
As currently preferred technical scheme, the rubbish pretreatment unit includes screening plant, magnetic separator, kneader And comminutor;
The screening plant includes garbage inlet and garbage screen is exported;
The magnetic separator includes material inlet and magnetic separation garbage outlet, the garbage screen outlet connection institute of the screening plant State the material inlet of magnetic separator;
The kneader includes material inlet, additive entrance and compound outlet, and the magnetic separation rubbish of the magnetic separator goes out The material inlet of the mouth connection kneader;
The comminutor includes compound entrance and granulated garbage is exported, and the compound outlet connection of the kneader is described The compound entrance of comminutor, the charging aperture of the granulated garbage outlet connection pyrolysis oven.
Further, the rubbish pretreatment unit also includes disintegrating machine, and the disintegrating machine includes material inlet and broken Garbage outlet, the magnetic separation garbage outlet of the magnetic separator connects the material inlet of the disintegrating machine, the broken rubbish of the disintegrating machine The material inlet of the rubbish outlet connection kneader.
Further, system of the invention also includes heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger includes high temperature pyrolysis gas entrance, Low Temperature Thermal Vent one's spleen outlet, heat exchange oil export, the red mud dryer include heat exchange oil inlet;Changed described in the gas outlet connection of the pyrolysis oven The high temperature pyrolysis gas entrance of hot device, the heat exchange oil export of the heat exchanger connects the heat exchange oil inlet of the red mud dryer.
Further, system of the invention also includes dust arrester, and the dust arrester includes Low Temperature Thermal entrance With net pyrolysis gas outlet;The Low Temperature Thermal entrance of the Low Temperature Thermal outlet connection dust arrester of the heat exchanger.
As preferred embodiments of the present invention, the gas outlet of the pyrolysis oven is provided with porous red mud ceramic honeycomb body, with urging Change the effect of pyrolysis oil gas second pyrolysis.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of method that refuse pyrolysis is carried out using said system, including following step Suddenly:
A, rubbish is pre-processed, obtain granulated garbage;
B, red mud is dried after crush, obtain red mud particle, the particle diameter of the red mud particle is 40~60mm;
It is C, the red mud particle is evenly laid out on the furnace bottom of the pyrolysis oven;
D, when the temperature in the pyrolysis oven is at 800~1000 DEG C, the granulated garbage is laid in and described is located at stove On the red mud particle at bottom, pyrolytic reaction occurs for the granulated garbage, obtains pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolytic carbon carries furnace bottom Red mud particle formation hybrid particles, by the hybrid particles by the pyrolysis oven discharging opening discharge;
E, the hybrid particles are sent into the charcoal gasification furnace, gasifying agent is sent into the charcoal by the gasification agent inlet and gasified Temperature >=1000 DEG C in stove, the charcoal gasification furnace, it is described mixed under the catalytic action of the red mud particle in the hybrid particles The pyrolytic carbon closed in particle reacts with the gasifying agent, obtains gasification gas and lime-ash;
F, the gasification gas is passed through the fuel gas inlet of the pyrolysis oven, is used as the fuel of pyrolysis oven;The lime-ash is sent Enter the lime-ash warehouse.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, the rubbish pretreatment in the step A includes:
Rubbish feeding screening plant is screened, garbage screen is obtained;
The garbage screen is sent into magnetic separator, removed after metal, magnetic separation rubbish is obtained;
The magnetic separation rubbish is sent into disintegrating machine, shredding refuse, particle diameter≤10mm of the shredding refuse are obtained after crushing;
The shredding refuse is mixed in kneader with additive, compound is obtained;
The compound is sent into comminutor, granulated garbage is obtained.
Further, the step D pyrolysis gas produced is delivered to heat exchanger, is exchanged heat, obtained low with heat exchange oil Warm is vented one's spleen, temperature≤150 DEG C of the Low Temperature Thermal;Heat exchange oil after will heat up is delivered to red mud dryer, as red The thermal source of mud drying.
Further, the Low Temperature Thermal is delivered into dust arrester, after the Low Temperature Thermal dedusting, obtains net Pyrolysis gas.
The system and method for the refuse pyrolysis that the present invention is provided, is pyrolyzed using red mud catalysis rubbish, reduces rubbish Gasify energy consumption, saves process costs, improves pyrolysis gas yield and quality;Tar yield pole in refuse pyrolysis gasification It is low, pyrolysis gas purification separation difficulty is reduced, while it also avoid the engineering problems such as tar blocking pipeline;Rubbish is prepared into rubbish It is pyrolyzed, is conducive into stove rubbish uniform distribution again after rubbish particle, it is to avoid fed material from being blocked problem caused by bulk cargo rubbish is fluffy;Profit With internal system residual heat drying red mud, the energy consumption of whole system is reduced;Make pyrolytic carbon reaction generation gasification using charcoal gasification furnace Gas, using gasification gas as the fuel of pyrolysis oven, reduce further the energy consumption of system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure:
1- rubbish pretreatment unit, 11- garbage storings hole, 12- screening plants, 13- magnetic separators, 14- disintegrating machines, 15- are mediated Machine 16- comminutors;
2- pyrolysis ovens;
3- red muds pretreatment unit, 31 red mud dryers, 32- red mud disintegrating machines;
4- heat exchangers, 5- dust arresters, 6- pyrolysis gas storage tanks;
7- charcoals gasification unit, 71- charcoals gasification furnace, 72- lime-ash warehouses.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the embodiment to the present invention is described in more details, so as to energy Enough more fully understand the advantage of the solution of the present invention and its various aspects.However, specific embodiments described below and implementation Example is only the purpose of explanation, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Red mud is used for the pyrolysis of rubbish by the embodiment of the present invention, to reach the purpose of twice laid.Mainization of red mud Learn in composition, CaO accounts for total amount 30%~40%, SiO215%~20% is accounted for, iron-aluminium oxide respectively accounts for 10% or so, also NiO Deng a small amount of other metal oxides.CaO, Fe in red mud2O3, NiO organic matter is thermally decomposed, tar thermal cracking also have it is preferable Effect.The presence of these alkaline metal oxides is produced to the pi-electron cloud stability in organic matter volatile matter and tar component Very big influence, reduces the activation energy of its cracking reaction, promotes tar and be further cracked into micro-molecular gas.And in red mud The SiO of presence2、Fe2O3It is also good carrier Deng material, the alkaline metal oxide that effectively can be fixed in red mud prevents heat Lost during solution gasification with the dissipation of pyrolysis gas.In addition, red mud can after heat treatment form loose structure, with very big Specific surface area, further increases catalytic effect.In order to reduce the content of tar in refuse pyrolysis product, conventional refuse pyrolysis Gasification temperature is more than 1000 DEG C, by the use of red mud as the catalyst of refuse pyrolysis, can effectively reduce the temperature needed for refuse pyrolysis Degree, reduces system energy consumption.
As shown in figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of system of refuse pyrolysis, including rubbish pretreatment unit 1, pyrolysis Stove 2, red mud pretreatment unit 3, heat exchanger 4, dust arrester 5, pyrolysis gas storage tank 6 and charcoal gasification unit 7.
Rubbish pretreatment unit 1 includes screening plant 12, magnetic separator 13, disintegrating machine 14, kneader 15 and comminutor 16.Rubbish Rubbish starts to be located in garbage storing hole 11, and when handling rubbish, rubbish is delivered into screening plant 12.
Screening plant 12 is rotary screen in embodiments of the present invention, and rotary screen includes garbage inlet and garbage screen is exported. Rotary screen main body is cylindrical tube shape structure, uniform on barrel to be covered with sieve aperture, and aperture is the nothings such as dregs, sandstone in 50mm, rubbish Machine thing is sifted out from sieve aperture, falls to the collecting tank of lower section.Screening plant 12 can also be it is well known to those skilled in the art other Screening installation.
Magnetic separator 13 includes material inlet and magnetic separation garbage outlet, and the garbage screen outlet of rotary screen passes through conveyer belt and magnetic The material inlet of machine 13 is selected to connect.Magnetic separator 13 can separate the ferronickel metallic article in the rubbish after screening, it is to avoid Infringement of the metal to follow-up equipment.
Disintegrating machine 14 includes material inlet and shredding refuse is exported, and the magnetic separation garbage outlet of magnetic separator 13 is connected by conveyer belt Connect the material inlet of disintegrating machine 14.Disintegrating machine 14 can be by refuse breaking to below 10mm.
Kneader 15 includes material inlet, additive entrance and compound outlet, and the shredding refuse outlet of disintegrating machine 14 connects Connect the material inlet of kneader 15.The function of additive is rubbish is possessed certain caking property, and additive is with rubbish by pinching Conjunction machine 15 is fully mixed.
Comminutor 16 includes compound entrance and granulated garbage is exported, the compound outlet connection comminutor 16 of kneader 15 Compound entrance.Rubbish is made growth 30mm, diameter 10mm bar-shaped granulated garbage by comminutor.Rubbish is prepared into particle It is pyrolyzed, is conducive into stove rubbish uniform distribution again afterwards, it is to avoid fed material from being blocked problem caused by bulk cargo rubbish is fluffy.
According to actual conditions, if the rubbish size in garbage storing hole 11 is too big, screening plant 12 and magnetic separator 13 it Between increase by the second disintegrating machine.The material inlet of the second disintegrating machine of garbage screen outlet connection of screening plant, the second disintegrating machine Material outlet connects the material inlet of magnetic separator.Second disintegrating machine crushes the organic matters such as the larger fabric of volume, plastics, crushes Particle diameter is 100mm, it is broken after rubbish can avoid wind with wire etc., be easy to follow-up magnetic separation, while rubbish after reduction magnetic separation Broken load.
Pyrolysis oven 2 is annular movement bed pyrolysis oven, generally closed environment, and continuous production can be achieved.Have inside pyrolysis oven 2 Ring-shaped furnace bottom rotating disk, operationally furnace bottom rotating disk rotation, outside body of heater is fixed.Radiant tube heat supply is provided with furnace bottom rotating disk bottom, Heated for the material on furnace bottom and maintain fire box temperature.Gas outlet is set in charging aperture front end, and gas outlet is made pottery provided with porous red mud Porcelain honeycomb ceramics, the effect with catalysis pyrolysis gas and secondarily cracking tar.Red mud particle enters after pyrolysis oven 2, is laid in furnace bottom On rotating disk.Before garbage feeding, the first pre-heating temperature elevation in pyrolysis oven 2 of red mud particle to refuse pyrolysis temperature;Then granulated garbage Entered by the charging aperture of pyrolysis oven, granulated garbage is laid on the red mud bed of material.Under the high temperature conditions, by the heating of red mud and Catalytic action, by the rapid pyrolysis processing of granulated garbage, produces a large amount of pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon for being rich in hydrogen, is nearly free from Jiao Oil.The key component of pyrolysis gas is H2、CH4, CO and CnHm.The pyrolysis gas of generation discharges body of heater by gas outlet, is passing through ceramics Second pyrolysis occurs for part organic hydrocarbon in pyrolytic reaction is produced during honeycomb ceramics gas outlet a small amount of tar and pyrolysis gas, produces small Molecule pyrolysis gas.Using red mud catalysis rubbish anoxybiotic pyrolysis, refuse gasification energy consumption is reduced, process costs are saved, improved Gasify gas yield and quality.Refuse pyrolysis gasification tar yield is extremely low, reduces pyrolysis gas purification separation difficulty, while Avoid the engineering problems such as tar blocking pipeline.It is pyrolyzed the pyrolytic carbon produced and pyrolysis is discharged by the spiral discharge device of discharging opening Stove 2.
Red mud pretreatment unit 3 includes red mud dryer 31 and red mud disintegrating machine 32.Red mud pretreatment unit 3 is by red mud Manage as the red mud particle suitable for refuse pyrolysis.
Red mud dryer 31 includes red mud entrance and dry red mud is exported, can be by red mud moisture content using the heat of waste heat recovery Less than 30% is down to, dry red mud is then transported to red mud disintegrating machine 32 by conveyer belt.
Red mud disintegrating machine 32 includes dry red mud entrance and red mud particle outlet, the dry red mud outlet connection of red mud dryer 31 The dry red mud entrance of red mud disintegrating machine 32, the red mud particle outlet of red mud disintegrating machine 32 connects the charging aperture of pyrolysis oven.Red mud is broken Dry red mud is broken for particle diameter 50mm red mud particle by broken machine 32, and the red mud particle after crushing is transported to red mud by conveyer belt and fed Machine, red mud charger is fed using spiral red mud particle sending into pyrolysis oven 2.
Heat exchanger 4 includes high temperature pyrolysis gas entrance, Low Temperature Thermal outlet, heat exchange oil export, and red mud dryer 31 includes Exchange heat oil inlet;The gas outlet of pyrolysis oven 2 connects the high temperature pyrolysis gas entrance of heat exchanger 4, the heat exchange oil export connection of heat exchanger 4 The heat exchange oil inlet of red mud dryer 31.The high temperature pyrolysis gas entrance of heat exchanger is located at bottom sides, Low Temperature Thermal outlet position In upper side, provided with oil cooling machine, pyrolysis gas temperature is down to less than 150 DEG C using indirect oil cooling;Heat exchange oil after heating is again Pumped by oil pump to red mud dryer 31, heat energy is provided for it.Red mud drying and dewatering institute calorific requirement is cooled back from pyrolysis gas The waste heat of receipts, takes full advantage of system waste heat, reduces red mud and energy consumption is dried in pyrolysis oven.The bottom of heat exchanger 4 is provided with collection Tank, collects the water cooled down in pyrolysis gas.
Dust arrester 5 includes Low Temperature Thermal entrance and net pyrolysis gas outlet, the Low Temperature Thermal outlet connection of heat exchanger 4 The Low Temperature Thermal entrance of dust arrester 5.In the embodiment of the present invention, dust arrester 5 is gas wash tower, and Low Temperature Thermal entrance is located at Side in the middle part of gas wash tower, net pyrolysis gas outlet is located at gas wash tower upper side.Using wet dedusting, it will can contain in Low Temperature Thermal Dust quantity is down to 10mg/m3Below.Meanwhile, by wet dedusting, pyrolysis gas temperature can be further reduced to less than 80 DEG C.Dedusting The dust-laden waste water that tower is produced is excluded by gas wash tower bottom discharge mouthful.Dust arrester 5 can also be that those skilled in the art institute is ripe Other dedusting equipment known.
Pyrolysis gas storage tank 6 is used to store net pyrolysis gas, and it is connected with the net pyrolysis gas outlet of dust arrester 5.By air-introduced machine Power is provided, net pyrolysis gas is delivered to pyrolysis gas storage tank 6.
The pyrolytic carbon generation gasification gas that charcoal gasification unit 7 can be produced using pyrolysis oven.Charcoal gasification unit 7 includes charcoal gasification furnace 71 and lime-ash warehouse 72.
Charcoal gasification furnace 71 includes pyrolytic carbon entrance, gasification agent inlet, the outlet of gasification gas and lime-ash outlet.Wherein, pyrolytic carbon Entrance and the outlet of gasification gas are positioned at the top of charcoal gasification furnace 71, and gasification agent inlet and lime-ash outlet are positioned at the bottom of charcoal gasification furnace 71 Portion, the bottom of charcoal gasification furnace 71 is additionally provided with air blower.Pyrolytic carbon carries part red mud from during the discharging opening discharge of pyrolysis oven 2 Particle, pyrolytic carbon and part red mud particle enter after charcoal gasification furnace 71, and gasifying agent enters in stove from the bottom of charcoal gasification furnace 71, Under the catalytic action of 1000 DEG C of high temperature above and red mud particle, pyrolytic carbon reaction generation contains CO and a small amount of CO2Deng the gasification of gas Gas.Gasification gas can be transported to pyrolysis oven, be used as the fuel of pyrolysis oven.In the embodiment of the present invention, gasifying agent is vapor.
Lime-ash warehouse 72 includes lime-ash entrance, the lime-ash entrance of the lime-ash outlet connection lime-ash warehouse 72 of charcoal gasification furnace 71. Pyrolytic carbon is produced in charcoal gasification furnace 71 after gasification gas, and remaining lime-ash is stored into lime-ash warehouse 72, and lime-ash is carried out afterwards Further processing, it is to avoid the pollution to environment.
As shown in Fig. 2 the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method that refuse pyrolysis is carried out using said system, including it is as follows Step:
1st, rubbish feeding rotary screen is screened, the inorganic matter such as dregs, sandstone in rubbish is sifted out from sieve aperture, is sieved Select rubbish.
2nd, garbage screen is sent into magnetic separator, removed after metal, obtain magnetic separation rubbish.
3rd, magnetic separation rubbish is sent into disintegrating machine, shredding refuse, particle diameter≤10mm of shredding refuse is obtained after crushing.
4th, shredding refuse is mixed in kneader with additive, obtains compound.
5th, comminutor is fed the mixture into, granulated garbage is obtained, granulated garbage is long 30mm, diameter 10mm rod-like material.
6th, crushed after red mud is dried, obtain red mud particle, the particle diameter of red mud particle is 40~60mm.
7th, the furnace bottom rotating speed 1h/r of pyrolysis oven, furnace pressure is 200Pa (relative pressure);Red mud enters after pyrolysis oven, uniform flat It is laid on furnace bottom rotating disk, fabric thickness is 50mm, red mud heats up with burner hearth.
8th, it is laid in furnace bottom again by granulated garbage by sending into stove after pyrolysis oven furnace temperature rises to 800~1000 DEG C Above red mud particle, fabric thickness is 30mm.High temperature red mud can heat granulated garbage rapidly to more than 800 DEG C, and granulated garbage exists Pyrolysis gas, pyrolytic carbon and a small amount of tar are produced after pyrolytic gasification in temperature-rise period, reaction 20min.CaO, Fe in red mud2O3、 Under the catalytic action of the metal oxides such as NiO, a small amount of tar of generation is cracked to form organic hydrocarbon gas again.Meanwhile, pyrolysis Organic hydrocarbon is also cracked under the catalytic action of furnace bottom red mud and red mud porous ceramic honeycombs gas outlet in gas, is produced The smaller fuel gas of molecular weight.The pyrolysis gas ultimate constituent of generation is with H2、CO、CH4Based on micro-molecular gas, and pass through pipe Road is further handled into heat exchanger.Pyrolytic carbon and part red mud particle formation hybrid particles, heat is excluded by spiral discharging machine Solve stove.
9th, in heat exchanger, pyrolysis gas is exchanged heat with heat exchange oil, acquisition Low Temperature Thermal, and the temperature of Low Temperature Thermal≤ 150℃;Heat exchange oil after heating is transported to red mud dryer, the thermal source dried as red mud.
10th, Low Temperature Thermal is delivered into dust arrester, to Low Temperature Thermal dedusting, obtains net pyrolysis gas.Removed using wet method Dirt, can be down to 10mg/m by dustiness in Low Temperature Thermal3Below.Meanwhile, can be by Low Temperature Thermal temperature by wet dedusting It is further reduced to less than 80 DEG C.
11st, net pyrolysis gas enters pyrolysis gas storage tank after air-introduced machine.
12nd, pyrolytic carbon and the granuloplastic hybrid particles of part red mud are sent into charcoal gasification furnace, gasifying agent is entered by gasifying agent Temperature >=1000 DEG C in mouth feeding charcoal gasification furnace, charcoal gasification furnace, under the catalytic action of the red mud particle in hybrid particles, are mixed The pyrolytic carbon closed in particle reacts with the gasifying agent, obtains gasification gas and lime-ash.
The 13rd, the gas that gasifies be passed through to the fuel gas inlet of pyrolysis oven, the fuel of pyrolysis oven is used as;Lime-ash is sent into the lime-ash storage Storage is deposited.
It should be noted that pyrolytic carbon takes away the red mud particle on the furnace bottom of part when discharging pyrolysis oven, so needing to heat Red mud particle in solution stove is supplemented.In pyrolysis oven, red mud particle is discontinuous charging, when furnace bottom red mud particle fabric thickness New red mud is just supplemented during less than 40mm;In addition, continuously needing to change a red mud after operation 720h.
Embodiment 1
1st, rubbish feeding rotary screen is screened, the inorganic matter such as dregs, sandstone in rubbish is sifted out from sieve aperture, is sieved Select rubbish.
2nd, garbage screen is sent into magnetic separator, removed after metal, obtain magnetic separation rubbish.
3rd, magnetic separation rubbish is sent into disintegrating machine, shredding refuse, the particle diameter 8mm of shredding refuse is obtained after crushing.
4th, shredding refuse is mixed in kneader with additive, obtains compound.
5th, comminutor is fed the mixture into, granulated garbage is obtained, granulated garbage is long 30mm, diameter 10mm rod-like material.
6th, crushed after red mud is dried, obtain red mud particle, the particle diameter of red mud particle is 50mm.
7th, the furnace bottom rotating speed 1h/r of pyrolysis oven, furnace pressure is 200Pa (relative pressure);Red mud enters after pyrolysis oven, uniform flat It is laid on furnace bottom rotating disk, fabric thickness is 50mm, red mud heats up with burner hearth.
8th, it is laid in the red mud of furnace bottom again by granulated garbage by sending into stove after pyrolysis oven furnace temperature rises to 800 DEG C Above, fabric thickness is 30mm to grain.High temperature red mud can heat granulated garbage rapidly to 800 DEG C, and granulated garbage is in temperature-rise period Pyrolysis gas, pyrolytic carbon and a small amount of tar are produced after pyrolytic gasification, reaction 20min.Pyrolytic carbon and part red mud particle form mixed Particle is closed, pyrolysis oven is excluded by spiral discharging machine.
9th, in heat exchanger, pyrolysis gas is exchanged heat with heat exchange oil, obtains Low Temperature Thermal, the temperature of Low Temperature Thermal 150℃;Heat exchange oil after heating is transported to red mud dryer, the thermal source dried as red mud.
10th, Low Temperature Thermal is delivered into dust arrester, to Low Temperature Thermal dedusting, obtains net pyrolysis gas.Removed using wet method Dirt, can be down to 10mg/m by dustiness in Low Temperature Thermal3Below.Meanwhile, can be by Low Temperature Thermal temperature by wet dedusting It is further reduced to 80 DEG C.
11st, net pyrolysis gas enters pyrolysis gas storage tank after air-introduced machine.
12nd, pyrolytic carbon and the granuloplastic hybrid particles of part red mud are sent into charcoal gasification furnace, gasifying agent is entered by gasifying agent 1000 DEG C of temperature in mouth feeding charcoal gasification furnace, charcoal gasification furnace, under the catalytic action of the red mud particle in hybrid particles, mixing Pyrolytic carbon in particle reacts with the gasifying agent, obtains gasification gas and lime-ash.
The 13rd, the gas that gasifies be passed through to the fuel gas inlet of pyrolysis oven, the fuel of pyrolysis oven is used as;Lime-ash is sent into the lime-ash storage Storage is deposited.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis gas each component volume fraction that pyrolysis oven is produced is H2:35%, CH4:18%, CO: 22%, gas gross calorific value is 4500kcal/m3, the carbon content 33% of pyrolytic carbon, calorific value is in more than 3500kcal/kg.
Embodiment 2
1st, rubbish feeding rotary screen is screened, the inorganic matter such as dregs, sandstone in rubbish is sifted out from sieve aperture, is sieved Select rubbish.
2nd, garbage screen is sent into magnetic separator, removed after metal, obtain magnetic separation rubbish.
3rd, magnetic separation rubbish is sent into disintegrating machine, shredding refuse, the particle diameter 10mm of shredding refuse is obtained after crushing.
4th, shredding refuse is mixed in kneader with additive, obtains compound.
5th, comminutor is fed the mixture into, granulated garbage is obtained, granulated garbage is long 30mm, diameter 10mm rod-like material.
6th, crushed after red mud is dried, obtain red mud particle, the particle diameter of red mud particle is 40mm.
7th, the furnace bottom rotating speed 1h/r of pyrolysis oven, furnace pressure is 200Pa (relative pressure);Red mud enters after pyrolysis oven, uniform flat It is laid on furnace bottom rotating disk, fabric thickness is 50mm, red mud heats up with burner hearth.
8th, it is laid in the red mud of furnace bottom again by granulated garbage by sending into stove after pyrolysis oven furnace temperature rises to 900 DEG C Above, fabric thickness is 30mm to grain.High temperature red mud can heat granulated garbage rapidly to 900 DEG C, and granulated garbage is in temperature-rise period Pyrolysis gas, pyrolytic carbon and a small amount of tar are produced after pyrolytic gasification, reaction 18min.Pyrolytic carbon and part red mud particle form mixed Particle is closed, pyrolysis oven is excluded by spiral discharging machine.
9th, in heat exchanger, pyrolysis gas is exchanged heat with heat exchange oil, obtains Low Temperature Thermal, the temperature of Low Temperature Thermal 140℃;Heat exchange oil after heating is transported to red mud dryer, the thermal source dried as red mud.
10th, Low Temperature Thermal is delivered into dust arrester, to Low Temperature Thermal dedusting, obtains net pyrolysis gas.Removed using wet method Dirt, can be down to 10mg/m by dustiness in Low Temperature Thermal3Below.Meanwhile, can be by Low Temperature Thermal temperature by wet dedusting It is further reduced to 75 DEG C.
11st, net pyrolysis gas enters pyrolysis gas storage tank after air-introduced machine.
12nd, pyrolytic carbon and the granuloplastic hybrid particles of part red mud are sent into charcoal gasification furnace, gasifying agent is entered by gasifying agent 1100 DEG C of temperature in mouth feeding charcoal gasification furnace, charcoal gasification furnace, under the catalytic action of the red mud particle in hybrid particles, mixing Pyrolytic carbon in particle reacts with the gasifying agent, obtains gasification gas and lime-ash.
The 13rd, the gas that gasifies be passed through to the fuel gas inlet of pyrolysis oven, the fuel of pyrolysis oven is used as;Lime-ash is sent into the lime-ash storage Storage is deposited.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis gas each component volume fraction that pyrolysis oven is produced is H2:37%, CH4:19%, CO: 16%, gas gross calorific value is 4450kcal/m3, the carbon content 30% of pyrolytic carbon, calorific value is in more than 3360kcal/kg.
Embodiment 3
1st, rubbish feeding rotary screen is screened, the inorganic matter such as dregs, sandstone in rubbish is sifted out from sieve aperture, is sieved Select rubbish.
2nd, garbage screen is sent into magnetic separator, removed after metal, obtain magnetic separation rubbish.
3rd, magnetic separation rubbish is sent into disintegrating machine, shredding refuse, the particle diameter 9mm of shredding refuse is obtained after crushing.
4th, shredding refuse is mixed in kneader with additive, obtains compound.
5th, comminutor is fed the mixture into, granulated garbage is obtained, granulated garbage is long 30mm, diameter 10mm rod-like material.
6th, crushed after red mud is dried, obtain red mud particle, the particle diameter of red mud particle is 60mm.
7th, the furnace bottom rotating speed 1h/r of pyrolysis oven, furnace pressure is 200Pa (relative pressure);Red mud enters after pyrolysis oven, uniform flat It is laid on furnace bottom rotating disk, fabric thickness is 50mm, red mud heats up with burner hearth.
8th, it is laid in the red mud of furnace bottom again by granulated garbage by sending into stove after pyrolysis oven furnace temperature rises to 950 DEG C Above, fabric thickness is 30mm to grain.High temperature red mud can heat granulated garbage rapidly to 950 DEG C, and granulated garbage is in temperature-rise period Pyrolysis gas, pyrolytic carbon and a small amount of tar are produced after pyrolytic gasification, reaction 17min.Pyrolytic carbon and part red mud particle form mixed Particle is closed, pyrolysis oven is excluded by spiral discharging machine.
9th, in heat exchanger, pyrolysis gas is exchanged heat with heat exchange oil, obtains Low Temperature Thermal, the temperature of Low Temperature Thermal 145℃;Heat exchange oil after heating is transported to red mud dryer, the thermal source dried as red mud.
10th, Low Temperature Thermal is delivered into dust arrester, to Low Temperature Thermal dedusting, obtains net pyrolysis gas.Removed using wet method Dirt, can be down to 10mg/m by dustiness in Low Temperature Thermal3Below.Meanwhile, can be by Low Temperature Thermal temperature by wet dedusting It is further reduced to 70 DEG C.
11st, net pyrolysis gas enters pyrolysis gas storage tank after air-introduced machine.
12nd, pyrolytic carbon and the granuloplastic hybrid particles of part red mud are sent into charcoal gasification furnace, gasifying agent is entered by gasifying agent 1150 DEG C of temperature in mouth feeding charcoal gasification furnace, charcoal gasification furnace, under the catalytic action of the red mud particle in hybrid particles, mixing Pyrolytic carbon in particle reacts with the gasifying agent, obtains gasification gas and lime-ash.
The 13rd, the gas that gasifies be passed through to the fuel gas inlet of pyrolysis oven, the fuel of pyrolysis oven is used as;Lime-ash is sent into the lime-ash storage Storage is deposited.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis gas each component volume fraction that pyrolysis oven is produced is H2:35%, CH4:20%, CO: 13%, gas gross calorific value is 4380kcal/m3, the carbon content 29% of pyrolytic carbon, calorific value is in more than 3200kcal/kg.
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described by accompanying drawing is only to illustrate rather than limitation originally The scope of invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, it is right under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention Modification or equivalent substitution that the present invention is carried out, all should cover within the scope of the present invention.In addition, signified unless the context Outside, the word occurred in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, unless stated otherwise, then any embodiment All or part of can combine all or part of of any other embodiment to use.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of system of refuse pyrolysis, it is characterised in that including rubbish pretreatment unit, pyrolysis oven, red mud pretreatment unit With charcoal gasification unit;
The rubbish pretreatment unit includes garbage inlet and granulated garbage is exported;
The pyrolysis oven includes charging aperture, discharging opening, gas outlet and fuel gas inlet, and the furnace bottom of the pyrolysis oven is rotatable;
The red mud pretreatment unit includes red mud dryer and red mud disintegrating machine;
The red mud dryer includes red mud entrance and dry red mud is exported;
The red mud disintegrating machine includes dry red mud entrance and red mud particle outlet;
The charcoal gasification unit includes charcoal gasification furnace and lime-ash warehouse;The charcoal gasification furnace includes pyrolytic carbon entrance, gasifying agent and entered Mouth, the outlet of gasification gas and lime-ash outlet;The lime-ash warehouse includes lime-ash entrance;
The charging aperture of the granulated garbage outlet connection pyrolysis oven of the rubbish pretreatment unit, the red mud dryer it is dry The dry red mud entrance of the red mud outlet connection red mud disintegrating machine, the red mud particle outlet of the red mud disintegrating machine connects the heat The charging aperture of stove is solved, the discharging opening of the pyrolysis oven connects the pyrolytic carbon entrance of the charcoal gasification furnace, the gas of the charcoal gasification furnace Change the fuel gas inlet of the gas outlet connection pyrolysis oven, the lime-ash of the lime-ash outlet connection lime-ash warehouse of the charcoal gasification furnace Entrance.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rubbish pretreatment unit includes screening plant, magnetic separation Machine, kneader and comminutor;
The screening plant includes garbage inlet and garbage screen is exported;
The magnetic separator includes material inlet and magnetic separation garbage outlet, the garbage screen outlet connection magnetic of the screening plant Select the material inlet of machine;
The kneader includes material inlet, additive entrance and compound outlet, and the magnetic separation garbage outlet of the magnetic separator connects Connect the material inlet of the kneader;
The comminutor includes compound entrance and granulated garbage is exported, the compound outlet connection granulation of the kneader The compound entrance of machine, the charging aperture of the granulated garbage outlet connection pyrolysis oven.
3. system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the rubbish pretreatment unit also includes disintegrating machine, described Disintegrating machine includes material inlet and shredding refuse is exported, and the magnetic separation garbage outlet of the magnetic separator connects the material of the disintegrating machine Entrance, the material inlet of the shredding refuse outlet connection kneader of the disintegrating machine.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further comprise heat exchanger, the heat exchanger includes high temperature Pyrolysis gas entrance, Low Temperature Thermal outlet, heat exchange oil export, the red mud dryer include heat exchange oil inlet;The pyrolysis oven Gas outlet connect the high temperature pyrolysis gas entrance of the heat exchanger, the heat exchange oil export of the heat exchanger connects the red mud drying The heat exchange oil inlet of machine.
5. system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that further comprise dust arrester, the dust arrester includes Low Temperature Thermal entrance and net pyrolysis gas outlet;The low temperature of the Low Temperature Thermal outlet connection dust arrester of the heat exchanger Pyrolysis gas entrance.
6. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the gas outlet of the pyrolysis oven is provided with the ceramic honeybee of porous red mud Nest body.
7. a kind of method for carrying out refuse pyrolysis using any system of claim 1~6, it is characterised in that including step:
A, rubbish is pre-processed, obtain granulated garbage;
B, red mud is dried after crush, obtain red mud particle, the particle diameter of the red mud particle is 40~60mm;
It is C, the red mud particle is evenly laid out on the furnace bottom of the pyrolysis oven;
D, when the temperature in the pyrolysis oven is at 800~1000 DEG C, the granulated garbage is laid in described positioned at furnace bottom On red mud particle, pyrolytic reaction occurs for the granulated garbage, obtains pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolytic carbon carries the red of furnace bottom Mud particle formation hybrid particles, the hybrid particles are discharged by the discharging opening of the pyrolysis oven;
E, the hybrid particles are sent into the charcoal gasification furnace, gasifying agent sends into the charcoal gasification furnace by the gasification agent inlet, Temperature >=1000 DEG C in the charcoal gasification furnace, under the catalytic action of the red mud particle in the hybrid particles, the mixing Pyrolytic carbon in particle reacts with the gasifying agent, obtains gasification gas and lime-ash;
F, the gasification gas is passed through the fuel gas inlet of the pyrolysis oven, is used as the fuel of pyrolysis oven;The lime-ash is sent into institute State lime-ash warehouse.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the pretreatment in the step A includes:
Rubbish feeding screening plant is screened, garbage screen is obtained;
The garbage screen is sent into magnetic separator, removed after metal, magnetic separation rubbish is obtained;
The magnetic separation rubbish is sent into disintegrating machine, shredding refuse, particle diameter≤10mm of the shredding refuse are obtained after crushing;
The shredding refuse is mixed in kneader with additive, compound is obtained;
The compound is sent into comminutor, granulated garbage is obtained.
9. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the pyrolysis gas is delivered into heat exchanger, enters with heat exchange oil Row heat exchange, obtains Low Temperature Thermal, temperature≤150 DEG C of the Low Temperature Thermal;Heat exchange oil after will heat up is delivered to red mud Dryer, the thermal source dried as red mud.
10. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the Low Temperature Thermal is delivered into dust arrester, to described After Low Temperature Thermal dedusting, net pyrolysis gas is obtained.
CN201710271798.7A 2017-04-24 2017-04-24 A kind of system and method for refuse pyrolysis Pending CN106978214A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109163330A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-08 永清环保股份有限公司 A kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification process system, processing method and electricity generation system
CN111676033A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-09-18 同济大学 Gas making system and gas making method by utilizing wastes
CN113201358A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-03 浙江大学 Method for producing combustible gas by reducing red mud by using organic solid waste pyrolysis gas
CN116622415A (en) * 2023-05-15 2023-08-22 华中农业大学 Method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by grading conversion of rubber and plastic solid waste by utilizing red mud

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109163330A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-08 永清环保股份有限公司 A kind of domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification process system, processing method and electricity generation system
CN111676033A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-09-18 同济大学 Gas making system and gas making method by utilizing wastes
CN111676033B (en) * 2020-03-23 2021-12-07 同济大学 Gas making system and gas making method by utilizing wastes
CN113201358A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-03 浙江大学 Method for producing combustible gas by reducing red mud by using organic solid waste pyrolysis gas
CN113201358B (en) * 2021-06-09 2022-05-03 浙江大学 Method for producing combustible gas by reducing red mud by using organic solid waste pyrolysis gas
CN116622415A (en) * 2023-05-15 2023-08-22 华中农业大学 Method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by grading conversion of rubber and plastic solid waste by utilizing red mud
CN116622415B (en) * 2023-05-15 2024-01-26 华中农业大学 Method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by grading conversion of rubber and plastic solid waste by utilizing red mud

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