CN106974743A - 基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构 - Google Patents
基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构及具有该结构的植入物。所述植入物包括致动部件,所述植入物具有第一形状和第二形状,所述第二形状具有比所述第一形状更大的面积;所述植入物具有多个卷曲部,所述致动部件能够使所述卷曲部沿着其卷曲轴线展开,从而使所述植入物由第一形状转变成第二形状。本发明可利用形状记忆材料的弹性和记忆效应,设计出不同的自展开结构。将功能模块部署到该结构上,如电路、电池、传感器、能量收集装置等,可以实现更多的功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构,属于植入式医疗器械技术领域。
背景技术
植入式医疗器械一般是指借助外科手术,部分或全部植入人体或自然腔道中的医疗器械。在手术结束后,长期留在人体内,一般至少为30天。植入医疗器械属于第三类医疗器械的高端产品,是医疗器械产业中重要的产品门类,目前大量应用的有包括心脏起搏器、除颤器、脑起搏器、支架、导管、人工瓣膜、人工耳蜗、人工血管、人工晶体、人工髋关节、人工膝关节、骨板、骨钉等植(介)入类器械等各种有源和无源的植入式器械。
植入式医疗器械在植入过程中,一般不可避免地需要打开部分创口,从而将医疗器械植入到人体中。而过大的手术创口一方面可能在术中给病人带来更大的手术风险,另一方面在术后也有更大的感染风险和疼痛。因此,需要一种结构能够通过微小创口植入体内,而在植入后展开较大的面积,部署到更大的区域,实现其所需的功能。
发明内容
一种基于形状记忆材料的微创植入自展开式结构,包括形状记忆自展开结构和功能模块。所述的形状记忆自展开结构由形状记忆材料组成,在植入人体前,呈现为第一形状。植入物可以由第一形状转变成第二形状。第二形状比第一形状具有更大的面积。所述的自展开结构,利用形状记忆材料的弹性和/或记忆特性,在植入前为尺度较小的结构,而在植入后通过释放约束、改变温度、光照、电磁、化学感应等方式,使其展开为尺度较大的结构,部署到更大的区域。功能模块可以包括电路、电池、传感器、能量收集装置等各种器件。
本发明提供一种植入物,包括致动部件,所述植入物具有第一形状和第二形状,所述第二形状具有比所述第一形状更大的面积;所述植入物具有多个卷曲部,所述致动部件能够使所述卷曲部沿着其卷曲轴线展开,从而使所述植入物由第一形状转变成第二形状。
进一步地卷曲部为两个以上,各卷曲轴之间平行或非平行。
进一步地卷曲部为三个以上,还具有一中央主体部,卷曲部基本对称地设置于所述中央主体部周围。
进一步地所述卷曲部在所述第一形状中处于卷曲状态,在所述第二形状中处于展开状态,所述第二形状基本为长方形。
进一步地所述植入物还包括一功能部。
进一步地所述功能部包括无线能量传输部。
进一步地所述致动部件包括形状记忆材料制成的框架。
进一步地所述植入物还包括一约束部,其能够使所述植入物保持在所述第一形状。
进一步地所述约束部采用生物可降解材料制成。
进一步地所述无线能量传输部选自光伏电池阵列、压电发电机、摩擦发电机、热电发电机、电磁发电机、振动发电机。
进一步地所述无线能量传输部选自光伏电池阵列,该光伏电池阵列具有一层或多层,各层之间有或没有分隔膜。
进一步地无线能量传输部外包覆至少一层生物相容性薄膜。
进一步地致动部件与无线能量传输部至少之一具有一个及以上的通孔。
进一步地包括多个单元,各单元之间用导线连接,所述单元包括致动部件及功能部。
本发明还提供一种植入式医疗设备,包括至少一个前述的植入物,以及植入主体,所述植入主体与所述植入物之间通过导线连接。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的结构图;
图2为本发明实施例二的结构图;
图3为本发明实施例三的结构图;
图4为本发明实施例四的结构图;
图5为本发明实施例五的结构图;
图6为本发明实施例六的结构图;
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图详细说明本发明提供的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构。
形状记忆材料具有弹性和记忆特性。通过改变约束、温度、光照、电磁、化学感应等外界条件可以使形状记忆材料实现结构的自动切换。具体使用方法包括但不局限于:
1)弹性自膨胀型
利用形状记忆材料的弹性,先将其约束压缩,植入体内后释放约束,实现自膨胀。
2)记忆效应自膨胀型
利用其记忆效应,首先将形状记忆材料浸泡在消毒冰水中,植入后,靠体温使其受热膨胀。
3)记忆效应加温膨胀型
利用其记忆效应,植入后,加热(或光照、电磁、化学感应)形状记忆材料使其膨胀。加热方法包括:射频、植入后注射热生理盐水、通电发热等。
4)记忆效应加温收缩取出型
植入后,采用球囊扩张;取出前,加热或光照、电磁、化学感应)使其收缩。
本发明提供的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构,可利用形状记忆材料的弹性和记忆效应,设计出不同的自展开结构。将功能模块部署到该结构上,如电路、电池、传感器、能量收集装置等,可以实现更多的功能。
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明提供的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构进行说明。
实施例一
请参阅图1,所述基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构10,包括形状记忆材料框架110和功能模块120(图中不可见)。功能模块120部署在形状记忆材料框架110上,形状记忆材料框架110在植入前呈现双轴卷曲状态。(a)图为植入人体前的形态,整体尺寸较小,便于微创植入。(b)图为植入后的形态,其中111为展开后的形状记忆材料框架,呈现为平面状(可以是各种不同的形状),121为植入后的功能模块。植入人体后,整个结构部署到更大的区域。
实施例二
请参阅图2,所述基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构20,包括形状记忆材料框架210和功能模块220(图中不可见)。功能模块220覆盖在形状记忆材料框架210上,形状记忆材料框架210在植入前呈现六轴卷曲状态(可以为n轴,n为任意自然数)。(a)图为植入人体前的形态,整体尺寸较小,便于微创植入。(b)图为植入后的形态,其中211为展开后的形状记忆材料框架,卷曲的六轴展开在一个平面上(可以是各种不同的形状),221为植入后的功能模块植入人体后。植入人体后,整个结构部署到更大的区域。
实施例三
请参阅图3,所述基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构11,包括形状记忆材料框架1101、生物相容性的柔性材料1102、密封柔性薄膜1103和功能模块1104。其中(a)(b)(c)图分别为展开后的自展开结构11的三维图、俯视图和俯视剖面图。形状记忆材料框架1101上部署有功能模块1104,在功能模块外部再包裹有密封柔性薄膜1103和生物相容性材料1102,分别起到密封和提高生物相容性的作用。
实施例四
请参阅图4,所述的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构12,包括形状记忆材料框架1210、功能模块1220和通孔1230。功能模块1220覆盖在形状记忆材料框架1210上。其中功能模块1220的表面积较大,可能阻挡生物组织的生长。在功能模块上设计若干通孔1230,有利于生物组织的生长和血液的流通。
实施例五
请参阅图5,所述的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构13包括若干个形状记忆材料框架1310和若干个功能模块1320。功能模块1320部署在形状记忆材料框架1310上。若干个形状记忆材料框架1310和若干个功能模块1320分布在不同的位置,可以通过线路1330进行连接。
实施例六
请参阅图6,所述的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构14,包括形状记忆材料框架1410和功能模块1420。功能模块1420部署在形状记忆材料框架骨架1410上。所述的基于形状记忆材料的多轴卷曲微创植入自展开结构14可以植入到不同的皮下位置。1440为不同位置的皮肤(如手部、颈部、头部皮下等),1430为皮肤的切口。另外,若功能模块为光伏电池阵列,为了更多地接收光照,优选的位置为光线不被人体穿戴物(如衣服、鞋、帽子等)所阻挡的皮下位置。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (15)
1.一种植入物,包括致动部件,所述植入物具有第一形状和第二形状,所述第二形状具有比所述第一形状更大的面积;所述植入物具有多个卷曲部,所述致动部件能够使所述卷曲部沿着其卷曲轴线展开,从而使所述植入物由第一形状转变成第二形状。
2.如权利要求1所述的植入物,其特征在于卷曲部为两个以上,各卷曲轴之间平行或非平行。
3.如权利要求2所述的植入物,其特征在于卷曲部为三个以上,还具有一中央主体部,卷曲部基本对称地设置于所述中央主体部周围。
4.如权利要求1-3之一所述的植入物,其特征在于所述卷曲部在所述第一形状中处于卷曲状态,在所述第二形状中处于展开状态,所述第二形状基本为长方形。
5.如权利要求1-4之一所述的植入物,其特征在于所述植入物还包括一功能部。
6.如权利要求1-5之一所述的植入物,其特征在于所述功能部包括无线能量传输部。
7.如权利要求1-6之一所述的植入物,其特征在于所述致动部件包括形状记忆材料制成的框架。
8.如权利要求1-7之一所述的植入物,其特征在于所述植入物还包括一约束部,其能够使所述植入物保持在所述第一形状。
9.如权利要求8所述的植入物,其特征在于所述约束部采用生物可降解材料制成。
10.如权利要求5所述的植入物,其特征在于,所述无线能量传输部选自光伏电池阵列、压电发电机、摩擦发电机、热电发电机、电磁发电机、振动发电机。
11.如权利要求10所述的植入物,其特征在于所述无线能量传输部选自光伏电池阵列,该光伏电池阵列具有一层或多层,各层之间有或没有分隔膜。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的植入物,其特征在于无线能量传输部外包覆至少一层生物相容性薄膜。
13.如权利要求5、10-12之一所述的植入物,其特征在于致动部件与无线能量传输部至少之一具有一个及以上的通孔。
14.如权利要求1-13之一所述的植入物,其特征在于包括多个单元,各单元之间用导线连接,所述单元包括致动部件及功能部。
15.一种植入式医疗设备,包括至少一个如权利要求1-14之一所述的植入物,以及植入主体,所述植入主体与所述植入物之间通过导线连接。
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