CN106967475A - 一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液,其制备首先利用溶胶‑凝胶结合水热法成功合成了KH‑570‑TiO2颗粒,在纳米二氧化钛颗粒表面引入乙烯基有机碳链;使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为原料进行水解缩聚反应制得八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷,以其为基体制备复合活性基液,之后进一步与含有‑C=C‑基团的纳米二氧化钛进行原位接枝反应,得到性能稳定的电流变液。本发明电流变液与现有技术相比,在电场的作用下,固体颗粒能够定向排列而形成稳定且规整的链状结构或缠结三维网络的结构,有效阻碍颗粒的沉降,具有优良的抗沉降稳定性,响应效果优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电流变液领域,具体涉及一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液及其制备方法。
背景技术
电流变液是一种高介电常数、低电导率的固体颗粒分散于低介电常数的基础液中的一种悬浮体系。在电场的作用下,其表观粘度、剪切强度、粘弹性模量等能在毫秒级内迅速发生变化,直至发生牛顿流体向类固态转变的过程,同时这种变化还是可逆的、连续的和可控制的。
目前,电流变液均是采用先制备微粒,再加入到基液中搅拌合成来制备,但是微粒的分散性差,导致电流变液稳定性差,难于满足实际需求,而原位合成电流变液就不存在上述问题,它是在基液中直接合成,避免了微粒的团聚,分散性好,同时在基液中直接合成,微粒间不存在团聚的因素,故其沉降稳定性好,基本就不会沉降,在基液中直接合成电流变液对器件设计、控制具有重要的现实意义。
纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)因其具有较高的介电常数且容易合成而成为纳米电流变材料的研究热点,但目前二氧化钛颗粒主要是直接混合加入,与电流变液的相容性较差,易发生相分离,导致其性能指标不能完全满足工程应用的要求。
张明、朱爱萍等人在其《纳米二氧化钛接枝聚硅氧烷电流变液的制备及性能研究》一文中,利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米TiO2以及稀土离子掺杂TiO2进行表面修饰,使其带有乙烯基有机碳链,能够进一步与乙烯基低聚硅氧烷基础液发生一定程度的接枝反应。
笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)是一类以无机的Si-O键为骨架结构,外层带有多个有机基团R的杂化材料,作为一种新型材料具有比较特殊的结构,其单体本身即为核壳结构的有机无机杂化材料,因此,POSS具有非常优异的性能。Si-O-Si无机骨架使其具有较高的热稳定性,而有机基团R则可通过合成调控从而获得不同性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液及其制备方法。
一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液,其制备首先利用溶胶-凝胶结合水热法成功合成了KH-570-TiO2颗粒,在纳米二氧化钛颗粒表面引入乙烯基有机碳链;使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为原料进行水解缩聚反应制得八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷,以其为基体制备复合活性基液,之后进一步与含有-C=C-基团的纳米二氧化钛进行原位接枝反应,得到性能稳定的电流变液。
具体步骤如下:
(1)硅烷偶联剂KH-570修饰纳米TiO2:
室温下将钛酸四丁酯、硅烷偶联剂KH-570、冰醋酸与无水乙醇均匀混合,记为A溶液;将无水乙醇、去离子水和盐酸均匀混合,加入恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加到剧烈搅拌的A溶液中,继续搅拌,直至形成均匀透明的溶胶,将溶胶静置于38-43℃下陈化至形成凝胶,在200℃下水热反应2-3天,所得产物用无水乙醇反复洗涤至滤液呈中性,室温下真空干燥,粉碎处理得KH-570-TiO2颗粒;
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
在三口瓶中加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和无水甲醇,混合均匀得溶液B;将无水乙醇、去离子水和盐酸均匀混合,加入恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加到溶液B中,得到的混合液在35-45℃搅拌反应4-6天,进行抽滤,得白色固体粉末,即八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷;
(3)制备复合活性基液:
将步骤(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷粉末经四氢呋喃溶解,之后与氯化石蜡、甲基含氢硅油、羟基硅油混合均匀,之后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠经超声处理30-60分钟后得到复合活性基液;
(4)电流变液的制备:
取上述制得的KH-570-TiO2纳米固体颗粒分散于上述复合活性基液,充分搅拌23-45分钟,在90℃、N2气氛保护下加入引发剂对苯二甲酰,搅拌反应4.5-6小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到稳定的悬浮液,于60-70℃下真空干燥即得电流变液。
其中,所述步骤(3)中八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷、氯化石蜡、甲基含氢硅油、羟基硅油与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量比为50:20:13:20:1。
其中,所述步骤(4)中引发剂对苯二甲酰的用量为KH-570-TiO2纳米固体颗粒重量百分比的1%。
其中,所述步骤(4)中KH-570-TiO2颗粒占电流变液的重量百分比为8-26%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明首先利用溶胶-凝胶结合水热法成功合成了KH-570-TiO2颗粒,KH-570分子结构一端的-OCH3-基团与钛酸四丁酯共水解缩合,在颗粒表面引入乙烯基团,可以进一步与聚合单体发生接枝反应,从而制备出聚合物杂化纳米材料,另外TiO2颗粒表面的疏水性增强,降低了其表面张力,减轻团聚现象,得到的电流变液具有良好的均匀性和稳定性。
(2)本发明使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,以盐酸溶液作为催化剂,进行水解缩聚反应制得八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷,并与羟基硅油等复合制得乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷基液,之后与含有-C=C-基团的纳米二氧化钛进行原位接枝反应,形成一种缠结网络结构,当给以施加电场后,二氧化钛颗粒能够定向排列而形成稳定且规整的链状结构或缠结三维网络的结构,在两者协同作用下,有效阻碍了颗粒的沉降,提高电流变液的抗沉降稳定性,达到优异的稳定性,形成有利于电场极化响应的稳定分散体。
具体实施方式
一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液,其制备首先利用溶胶-凝胶结合水热法成功合成了KH-570-TiO2颗粒,在纳米二氧化钛颗粒表面引入乙烯基有机碳链;使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为原料进行水解缩聚反应制得八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷,以其为基体制备复合活性基液,之后进一步与含有-C=C-基团的纳米二氧化钛进行原位接枝反应,得到性能稳定的电流变液。
具体步骤如下:
(1)硅烷偶联剂KH-570修饰纳米TiO2:
室温下将钛酸四丁酯、硅烷偶联剂KH-570、冰醋酸与无水乙醇均匀混合,记为A溶液;将无水乙醇、去离子水和盐酸均匀混合,加入恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加到剧烈搅拌的A溶液中,继续搅拌,直至形成均匀透明的溶胶,将溶胶静置于40℃下陈化至形成凝胶,在200℃下水热反应2天,所得产物用无水乙醇反复洗涤至滤液呈中性,室温下真空干燥,粉碎处理得KH-570-TiO2颗粒;
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
在三口瓶中加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和无水甲醇,混合均匀得溶液B;将无水乙醇、去离子水和盐酸均匀混合,加入恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加到溶液B中,得到的混合液在40℃搅拌反应5天,进行抽滤,得白色固体粉末,即八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷;
(3)制备复合活性基液:
将步骤(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷粉末经四氢呋喃溶解,之后与氯化石蜡、甲基含氢硅油、羟基硅油混合均匀,之后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠经超声处理50分钟后得到复合活性基液;
(4)电流变液的制备:
取上述制得的KH-570-TiO2纳米固体颗粒分散于上述复合活性基液,充分搅拌35分钟,在90℃、N2气氛保护下加入引发剂对苯二甲酰,搅拌反应5小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到稳定的悬浮液,于65℃下真空干燥即得电流变液。
其中,所述步骤(3)中八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷、氯化石蜡、甲基含氢硅油、羟基硅油与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量比为50:20:13:20:1。
其中,所述步骤(4)中引发剂对苯二甲酰的用量为KH-570-TiO2纳米固体颗粒重量百分比的1%。
Claims (5)
1.一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液,其特征在于,其制备首先利用溶胶-凝胶结合水热法成功合成了KH-570-TiO2颗粒,在纳米二氧化钛颗粒表面引入乙烯基有机碳链;使用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为原料进行水解缩聚反应制得八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷,以其为基体制备复合活性基液,之后进一步与含有-C=C-基团的纳米二氧化钛进行原位接枝反应,得到性能稳定的电流变液。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)硅烷偶联剂KH-570修饰纳米TiO2:
室温下将钛酸四丁酯、硅烷偶联剂KH-570、冰醋酸与无水乙醇均匀混合,记为A溶液;将无水乙醇、去离子水和盐酸均匀混合,加入恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加到剧烈搅拌的A溶液中,继续搅拌,直至形成均匀透明的溶胶,将溶胶静置于38-43℃下陈化至形成凝胶,在200℃下水热反应2-3天,所得产物用无水乙醇反复洗涤至滤液呈中性,室温下真空干燥,粉碎处理得KH-570-TiO2颗粒;
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
在三口瓶中加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和无水甲醇,混合均匀得溶液B;将无水乙醇、去离子水和盐酸均匀混合,加入恒压滴液漏斗中,缓慢滴加到溶液B中,得到的混合液在35-45℃搅拌反应4-6天,进行抽滤,得白色固体粉末,即八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷;
(3)制备复合活性基液:
将步骤(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷粉末经四氢呋喃溶解,之后与氯化石蜡、甲基含氢硅油、羟基硅油混合均匀,之后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠经超声处理30-60分钟后得到复合活性基液;
(4)电流变液的制备:
取上述制得的KH-570-TiO2纳米固体颗粒分散于上述复合活性基液,充分搅拌23-45分钟,在90℃、N2气氛保护下加入引发剂对苯二甲酰,搅拌反应4.5-6小时,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,得到稳定的悬浮液,于60-70℃下真空干燥即得电流变液。
3.根据权利要求书2所述的一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷、氯化石蜡、甲基含氢硅油、羟基硅油与十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量比为50:20:13:20:1。
4.根据权利要求书2所述的一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中引发剂对苯二甲酰的用量为KH-570-TiO2纳米固体颗粒重量百分比的1%。
5.根据权利要求书2所述的一种纳米二氧化钛接枝乙烯基聚硅氧烷的电流变液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中KH-570-TiO2颗粒占电流变液的重量百分比为8-26%。
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