CN106959246A - A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen and method - Google Patents
A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106959246A CN106959246A CN201710086565.XA CN201710086565A CN106959246A CN 106959246 A CN106959246 A CN 106959246A CN 201710086565 A CN201710086565 A CN 201710086565A CN 106959246 A CN106959246 A CN 106959246A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen and method.Including gas pressurization system, pressure delivery system and triaxial tests system, wherein, the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder and gas booster pump, nitrogen cylinder is connected to the gas storage cylinder of pressure delivery system by gas boosting pump；Instrument and the upper three-way interface of top connection from instrument in the middle of supercharging liquid nitrogen container, the pressure break, one end connection gas storage cylinder of upper three-way interface, other end connection exhaust outlet in the middle of the pressure delivery system, including gas storage cylinder, pressure break；The lower three-way interface of the lower end connection of instrument in the middle of the pressure break, one end connection auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container of lower three-way interface, other end connection triaxial tests system.Beneficial effect is：Overcome the ultralow temperature feature of liquid nitrogen and the seal request of nitrogen gas, realize the anhydrous fracturing experiments of liquid nitrogen；Instrument injects liquid nitrogen using design of tee joint and from supercharging liquid nitrogen container in the middle of pressure break, it is possible to achieve free of losses and quantitative injection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shale oil gas extracting experiment device and method in petroleum works field, more particularly to a kind of liquid
The anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of nitrogen and method.
Background technology
Shale gas is as a kind of important unconventional gas resource, the advantage of its production life of well length and production cycle length,
Be conducive to adjusting energy consumption structure, alleviate petroleum resources shortage, increase clean energy resource is supplied, and extremely various countries favor in recent years.
In recent years, with Chinese society sustained and rapid development of economy, the demand of the energy hits new peak repeatly, in addition traditional oil gas
Resource increasingly depleted, causes China's oil, natural gas external dependence degree constantly to rise.Dependence on foreign countries for oil was by 1993
1.2% rise violently to 2013 58.1%, natural gas external dependence degree is also risen to 2013 rapidly by 0.8% in 2006
31.6%.It was predicted that will be up to 3000 × 108m to the average annual consumption figure of the year two thousand twenty Natural Gas In China3, and China's natural gas yield at that time
Only 2000 × 108m3Left and right, it is seen that China is growing day by day to the demand of natural gas.Simultaneously as China goes into overdrive to implement
The policy of energy-saving and emission-reduction, the application of natural gas is sufficiently promoted, and this make it that the supply of China's natural gas is chosen by very big
War.Therefore, the exploration and development of unconventional gas resource is accelerated, for ensuring that national energy strategic security has important meaning
Justice.
Because China's shale gas reservoir has the tectonic movement of experience complicated, depth is buried, horizontal stress difference is big, permeability
Low, porosity is low, the low feature of brittleness index, causes no natural production capacity, although well yield is high, but successively decreases initial stage soon, after
Phase yields poorly, and the production cycle is longer, and is difficult to be formed preferably seam net after volume fracturing, and reservoir reconstruction effect is poor.Meanwhile, often
Rule volume fracturing liquid needs to consume substantial amounts of water resource, and water-deficient area is distributed in China's shale gas reservoir more, and this is to a certain degree
On more constrain the implementation of conventional hydraulic pressure break.Some external countries（Such as France）For the consideration of resource and environment,
Legislation is forbidden exploiting shale gas with hydrofracturing method.
To meet to the factor high request such as reservoir property and geographical environment in shale gas exploitation, development effectiveness is solved poor
Global problem, domestic and international many mechanisms are all being explored, and wherein the deep cooling such as liquid nitrogen cryogen liquid nitrogen is used as Low Temperature Liquid
Change gas, generally with extremely low temperature（LN2- 195.8 DEG C of normal boiling point）, when with rock contact, rock surface temperature can be made
Rapid drawdown, occurs high speed contraction distortion, forms a large amount of microfissures, and rock " fragility " is remarkably reinforced, and brittle enhancing degree is determined
The control volume of shale gas volume fracturing.Therefore, carry out ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen under the conditions of shale non-plastic fracture study mechanism, point
Fragility changing rule, volume crack propagation law and relative influence of the shale under the conditions of ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen are analysed, and then carries out liquid
Nitrogen aids in shale volume fracturing experiments, and theory support is provided for low-temperature anhydrous fracturing technique, has weight to China's shale gas exploitation
Want directive significance.
At present, the device or method for carrying out anhydrous pressure break in shale gas room using this super-low liquid of liquid nitrogen almost do not have
Have.Current existing equipment, such as application number CN201610395924.5 patents of invention are substantially tested, not at normal temperatures
The ultra low temperature state of liquid nitrogen can be born.Such as the patent of invention of application number 201310732435.0, be to the non-pressure break in scene or
The invention that person shaft bottom has the first fracturing technology of the coal bed gas well of intrinsic fracture is improved, for the shale liquid nitrogen pressure of room size
Split and do not apply to.
The content of the invention
There is provided a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation of liquid nitrogen is real aiming at the drawbacks described above that prior art is present for the purpose of the present invention
Experiment device and method, physical property and its volatile spy that the device and method can be for -195.8 DEG C of liquid nitrogen normal boiling point
Point, realizes pressure transmission low temperature resistant while using nitrogen and liquid nitrogen.And using the ultralow temperature feature of liquid nitrogen, applying confined pressure
While ground stress environment true with overlying pressure simulation, the liquid nitrogen pressure break true triaxial experiment of shale is realized.
The anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of a kind of liquid nitrogen that the present invention is mentioned, including gas pressurization system, pressure transmission system
System and triaxial tests system, wherein, the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder（1）With gas booster pump（3）, nitrogen cylinder（1）
Pass through gas boosting pump（3）It is connected to the gas storage cylinder of pressure delivery system（6）；The pressure delivery system, including gas
Storage cylinder（6）, instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）With supercharging liquid nitrogen container certainly（14）, pressure break centre instrument（11）Top connection on
Three-way interface（8）, upper three-way interface（8）One end connection gas storage cylinder（6）, other end connection exhaust outlet（10）；The pressure
Split middle instrument（11）The lower three-way interface of lower end connection（12）, lower three-way interface（12）One end connection auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container
（14）, other end connection triaxial tests system（18）；By the way that rock core is put into triaxial tests system（18）, add setting value most
After big and minimum horizontal principal stress and overlying stress, truly stress condition carries out fracturing experiments for simulation.
Instrument in the middle of above-mentioned pressure break（11）Including pressure cap（19）, cylinder external thermal insulation（20）, piston（22）And cylinder
（23）, the cylinder（23）Be respectively arranged at two ends with pressure cap（19）, and a pressure cap is provided with liquid nitrogen flow export（24）, another
Pressure cap（19）Mouth is passed through provided with nitrogen（25）, outside is provided with cylinder external thermal insulation（20）, in cylinder（23）Inner chamber is provided with can be with
Mobile piston（22）.
Above-mentioned nitrogen cylinder（1）Top carries valve provided with nitrogen cylinder（2）, gas boosting pump（3）With gas storage cylinder（6）
Between be provided with the first stop valve（5）And gas pressure sensor（4）.
Above-mentioned gas storage cylinder（6）With instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）Between be provided with the second stop valve（7）.
Above-mentioned triaxial tests system（18）With lower three-way interface（12）Between be provided with pressure gauge（15）, thermometer（16）With
Low temperature resistant stop valve（17）.
Above-mentioned nitrogen cylinder（1）Built with the nitrogen that purity is 99.99%, nitrogen its maximum pressure in nitrogen cylinder out
High-pressure metal pipeline is used no more than the connecting pipeline between 10MPa, and each device.
Above-mentioned gas storage cylinder（6）It is made of high pressure resistant steel body, for the nitrogen after temporary storing pressurized.
Above-mentioned piston（22）And cylinder（23）Inwall between be provided with sealing ring（21）, using HTHP graphite plate
Root.
Above-mentioned triaxial tests system（18）, respectively have one with three directions of overlying stress in maximum, minimum level stress
Jack is rigidly loaded.
The anhydrous fracture simulation experimental method of a kind of liquid nitrogen that the present invention is mentioned, comprises the following steps：
（1）, open air bleeding valve（9）, close cryogenic globe valve（17）, prepare to instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）Inject liquid nitrogen；
（2）, open from supercharging liquid nitrogen container above liquid nitrogen tank valve（13）, toward pressure break centre instrument（11）The quantitative liquid of middle injection
Nitrogen, closes air bleeding valve（9）With liquid nitrogen tank valve（13）；
（3）, in triaxial tests system（18）In be put into rock core and install, check sealing；
（4）, confined pressure and burden pressure loaded by servo-drive system, reach after preset value, open the second stop valve（7）, prepare logical
Nitrogen；
（5）, open the first stop valve（5）Valve is carried with nitrogen cylinder（2）, control gas boosting pump（3）Supercharging, and pass through gas
Pressure sensor（4）Instant playback, gas storage cylinder is passed through by nitrogen（6）Squeeze into instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）In；
（6）, in the middle of pressure break instrument（11）In, the nitrogen with pressure passes through piston（22）Liquid nitrogen is pushed into triaxial tests system
（18）In rock core in, carry out fracture simulation experiment；
（7）, rock core press off preservation data after, close the first stop valve（5）, cryogenic globe valve（17）Valve is carried with nitrogen cylinder
（2）；
（8）, open air bleeding valve（9）, by instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）With gas storage cylinder（6）In gas safety release, terminate
Experiment.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention：
（1）Overcome the ultralow temperature feature of liquid nitrogen and the seal request of nitrogen gas, realize the anhydrous fracturing experiments of liquid nitrogen；
（2）Instrument injects liquid nitrogen using design of tee joint and from supercharging liquid nitrogen container in the middle of pressure break, it is possible to achieve free of losses and quantitative note
Enter, greatly improve current liquid nitrogen and directly pour into mode roughly, realize precisely injection and monitoring in real time；
（3）The use of auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, realizes the at-once monitor of the liquid nitrogen flow to injecting rock core, convenient research liquid nitrogen
Influence of the flow to fracturing effect.
Finally, the present invention carries out cold shock transformation using liquid nitrogen cryogenics fluid auxiliary this fracturing technology of shale to shale,
Using the study mechanism and its effect assessment of liquid nitrogen pressure break during for the shale oil-gas mining of petroleum works field.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Accompanying drawing 2 is apparatus structure schematic diagram in the middle of pressure break；
In upper figure：Nitrogen cylinder 1, nitrogen cylinder carry valve 2, gas boosting pump 3, gas pressure sensor 4, the first stop valve 5, gas
Body storage cylinder 6, the second stop valve 7, upper three-way interface 8, air bleeding valve 9, exhaust outlet 10, pressure break centre instrument 11, lower three-way interface
12nd, liquid nitrogen tank valve 13, auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 14, pressure gauge 15, thermometer 16, low temperature resistant stop valve 17, triaxial tests system
System 18, pressure cap 19, cylinder external thermal insulation 20, sealing ring 21, piston 22, cylinder 23, liquid nitrogen flow export 24, nitrogen are passed through mouth 25.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it will be appreciated that preferred reality described herein
Apply example to be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of a kind of liquid nitrogen that the present invention is mentioned, including gas pressurization system, pressure transmission system
System and triaxial tests system, wherein, the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder 1 and gas booster pump 3, nitrogen cylinder 1 passes through gas
Body booster pump 3 is connected to the gas storage cylinder 6 of pressure delivery system；The pressure delivery system, including gas storage cylinder 6, pressure
Middle instrument 11 and the upper three-way interface 8 of top connection from instrument 11 in the middle of supercharging liquid nitrogen container 14, the pressure break are split, upper three connect
One end connection gas storage cylinder 6 of mouth 8, other end connection exhaust outlet 10；The lower end connection lower three of instrument 11 in the middle of the pressure break
Connect mouth 12, one end connection auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 14 of lower three-way interface 12, other end connection triaxial tests system 18；Pass through
Rock core is put into triaxial tests system 18, after the minimum and maximum horizontal principal stress and overlying stress that add setting value, simulation
Truly stress condition carries out fracturing experiments.
Wherein, instrument 11 includes pressure cap 19, cylinder external thermal insulation 20, piston 22 and cylinder 23, the cylinder in the middle of pressure break
23 are respectively arranged at two ends with pressure cap 19, and a pressure cap is provided with liquid nitrogen flow export 24, and another pressure cap 19 is logical provided with nitrogen
Entrance 25, outside is provided with cylinder external thermal insulation 20, and transportable piston 22 is provided with the inner chamber of cylinder 23.
In addition, the top of nitrogen cylinder 1 carries valve 2 provided with nitrogen cylinder, it is provided between gas boosting pump 3 and gas storage cylinder 6
First stop valve 5 and gas pressure sensor 4；Second section is provided with the middle of above-mentioned gas storage cylinder 6 and pressure break between instrument 11
Only valve 7；Pressure gauge 15, thermometer 16 and low temperature resistant cut-off are provided between above-mentioned triaxial tests system 18 and lower three-way interface 12
Valve 17.
Furthermore, nitrogen cylinder 1 is built with the nitrogen that purity is 99.99%, and nitrogen its maximum pressure in nitrogen cylinder out does not surpass
The connecting pipeline crossed between 10MPa, and each device uses high-pressure metal pipeline.
Above-mentioned gas storage cylinder 6 is made of high pressure resistant steel body, for the nitrogen after temporary storing pressurized；Above-mentioned
Sealing ring 21 is provided between the inwall of piston 22 and cylinder 23, using HTHP graphite packing.
Above-mentioned triaxial tests system（18）, respectively have one with three directions of overlying stress in maximum, minimum level stress
Jack is rigidly loaded.
The anhydrous fracture simulation experimental method of a kind of liquid nitrogen that the present invention is mentioned, comprises the following steps：
（1）, open air bleeding valve 9, close cryogenic globe valve 17, prepare to the injection of instrument 11 liquid nitrogen in the middle of pressure break；
（2）, open from supercharging liquid nitrogen container above liquid nitrogen tank valve 13, toward pressure break centre instrument 11 in inject quantitative liquid nitrogen,
Close air bleeding valve 9 and liquid nitrogen tank valve 13；
（3）, be put into rock core in triaxial tests system 18 and install, check sealing；
（4）, confined pressure and burden pressure loaded by servo-drive system, reach after preset value, open the second stop valve（7）, prepare logical
Nitrogen；
（5）, open the first stop valve 5 and nitrogen cylinder and carry valve 2, control gas boosting pump 3 is pressurized, and is passed by gas pressure
The instant playback of sensor 4, gas storage cylinder is passed through by nitrogen（6）Squeeze into instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）In；
（6）, in instrument 11 in the middle of pressure break, liquid nitrogen is pushed into triaxial tests system 18 by the nitrogen with pressure by piston 22
Rock core in, carry out fracture simulation experiment；
（7）, rock core press off after preservation data, close the first stop valve 5, cryogenic globe valve 17 and nitrogen cylinder and carry valve 2；
（8）, open air bleeding valve 9, instrument 11 in the middle of pressure break and the gas safety in gas storage cylinder 6 are released, terminate experiment.
Wherein, the preparation method of the rock core in step 3 is：Utilize the rock sample for wire cutting machine cutting shale of restricting, cut growth
After the standard size for spending 10.5cm, end face of polishing, and drilling well eyelet installs sleeve pipe additional.
The above, is only the part preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any those of ordinary skill in the art may profit
Equivalent technical scheme is changed or is revised as with the technical scheme of above-mentioned elaboration.Therefore, the technology according to the present invention
Any simple modification or substitute equivalents that scheme is carried out, belong to the greatest extent the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen, it is characterized in that：Including gas pressurization system, pressure delivery system and three
Axle experimental system, wherein, the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder（1）With gas booster pump（3）, nitrogen cylinder（1）Pass through gas
Body booster pump（3）It is connected to the gas storage cylinder of pressure delivery system（6）；The pressure delivery system, including gas storage cylinder
（6）, instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）With supercharging liquid nitrogen container certainly（14）, pressure break centre instrument（11）Top connection upper three connect
Mouthful（8）, upper three-way interface（8）One end connection gas storage cylinder（6）, other end connection exhaust outlet（10）；In the middle of the pressure break
Instrument（11）The lower three-way interface of lower end connection（12）, lower three-way interface（12）One end connection auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container（14）,
The other end connects triaxial tests system（18）；By the way that rock core is put into triaxial tests system（18）, add setting value maximum and
After minimum horizontal principal stress and overlying stress, truly stress condition carries out fracturing experiments for simulation.
2. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Instrument in the middle of described pressure break
（11）Including pressure cap（19）, cylinder external thermal insulation（20）, piston（22）And cylinder（23）, the cylinder（23）Two ends set respectively
There is pressure cap（19）, and a pressure cap is provided with liquid nitrogen flow export（24）, another pressure cap（19）Mouth is passed through provided with nitrogen（25）,
Outside is provided with cylinder external thermal insulation（20）, in cylinder（23）Inner chamber is provided with transportable piston（22）.
3. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described nitrogen cylinder（1）On
Portion carries valve provided with nitrogen cylinder（2）, gas boosting pump（3）With gas storage cylinder（6）Between be provided with the first stop valve（5）It is gentle
Pressure sensor（4）.
4. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described gas storage cylinder
（6）With instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）Between be provided with the second stop valve（7）.
5. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described triaxial tests system
（18）With lower three-way interface（12）Between be provided with pressure gauge（15）, thermometer（16）With low temperature resistant stop valve（17）.
6. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described nitrogen cylinder（1）It is interior
Equipped with the nitrogen that purity is 99.99%, its maximum pressure of nitrogen come out in nitrogen cylinder is no more than between 10MPa, and each device
Connecting pipeline uses high-pressure metal pipeline.
7. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described gas storage cylinder
（6）It is made of high pressure resistant steel body, for the nitrogen after temporary storing pressurized.
8. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：Described piston（22）And cylinder
Body（23）Inwall between be provided with sealing ring（21）, using HTHP graphite packing.
9. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Described triaxial tests system
（18）, respectively there is a jack rigidly to load with three directions of overlying stress in maximum, minimum level stress.
10. a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental method of liquid nitrogen as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, it is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
（1）, open air bleeding valve（9）, close cryogenic globe valve（17）, prepare to instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）Inject liquid nitrogen；
（2）, open from supercharging liquid nitrogen container above liquid nitrogen tank valve（13）, toward pressure break centre instrument（11）The quantitative liquid of middle injection
Nitrogen, closes air bleeding valve（9）With liquid nitrogen tank valve（13）；
（3）, in triaxial tests system（18）In be put into rock core and install, check sealing；
（4）, confined pressure and burden pressure loaded by servo-drive system, reach after preset value, open the second stop valve（7）, prepare logical
Nitrogen；
（5）, open the first stop valve（5）Valve is carried with nitrogen cylinder（2）, control gas boosting pump（3）Supercharging, and pass through gas
Pressure sensor（4）Instant playback, gas storage cylinder is passed through by nitrogen（6）Squeeze into instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）In；
（6）, in the middle of pressure break instrument（11）In, the nitrogen with pressure passes through piston（22）Liquid nitrogen is pushed into triaxial tests system
（18）In rock core in, carry out fracture simulation experiment；
（7）, rock core press off preservation data after, close the first stop valve（5）, cryogenic globe valve（17）Valve is carried with nitrogen cylinder
（2）；
（8）, open air bleeding valve（9）, by instrument in the middle of pressure break（11）With gas storage cylinder（6）In gas safety release, terminate
Experiment.
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| CN107290226A (en) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-10-24 | 吉林大学 | A kind of liquid nitrogen refrigerating erecting device for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment |
| CN107741372A (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2018-02-27 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of experimental provision of the rock rupture under liquid nitrogen cold shock effect |
| CN109100487A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-28 | 西安科技大学 | The loaded coal containing methane gas Rock At Low Temperatures environment seepage flow creep of three axis and experiment of machanics system |
| CN109187177A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | The monitoring method and device of rock liquid nitrogen pressure break |
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