CN103306660B - A kind of method of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase - Google Patents
A kind of method of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase Download PDFInfo
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- CN103306660B CN103306660B CN201210065828.6A CN201210065828A CN103306660B CN 103306660 B CN103306660 B CN 103306660B CN 201210065828 A CN201210065828 A CN 201210065828A CN 103306660 B CN103306660 B CN 103306660B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for a kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase, comprising: slippery water or fall is blocked water and to inject under higher than rammell rupture stress condition, crack initiation stratum; Multistage plug injects-temporarily build the pressure-induce in stifled-seam turn to-later stage proppant individual layer is laid; The super-low-density proppant being mixed with short fiber is injected with low sand ratio, high infusion discharge capacity; The row of returning again after vexed well.Utilize slippery water or fall the construction infusion program blocked water with different and target zone is pressurizeed, be aided with simultaneously build the pressure in stifled, seam temporarily, super-low-density proppant single zone compaction technology, impel the superposition producing multiple spot induced stress in layer, to form the artificial map cracking of large area shearing slip, enlargement gas drainage area, improves well yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum production engineering field, say further, relate to the method for a kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase.
Background technology
Current shale gas reservoir pressure break mainly to be blocked water falling in a large number by ground high-pressure pump group under the condition higher than shale gas reservoir fracture pressure or the fracturing fluid system such as slippery water injects pit shaft, via target zone preforation tunnel crack initiation stratum.Usual whole process adopts 8 ~ 10m
3the fixed displacement alter least-squares prepad fluid of/min and proppant, migrate in crack with proppant, sedimentation with support press off seam, make crack keep certain flow conductivity under formation closure stress; Meanwhile, also in fracturing process, create network fracture as far as possible, effectively to improve shale gas Reservoir Seepage ability and to improve gas well output.But the shale gas reservoir that geostatic stress differs greatly, adopts this kind of fracturing technology to be difficult to produce enough large net pressure with breakthrough level two to stress difference in crack, thus the single waterpower causing perforation target zone actual formation both wings to be close to symmetry presses off seam.For shale gas reservoir, the drainage area in single crack is limited, and the fracture condudtiviy of acquisition is on the low side, discontented full border volume increase demand.
Chinese patent CN101395340 discloses a kind of frac system for oil well, and wherein the mixture of LPG, propane and butane is injected into pit shaft as a kind of brand-new fracturing fluid system.This patent emphasis provides a kind of fracturing fluid system protecting reservoir, is not specifically related to shale gas reservoir fracturing process implementing method.
Chinese patent CN101737027 discloses a kind of high energy gas fracturing device of oil reservoirs of horizontal well, to be detonated igniting by the pressure igniting pressure blasting device that ignites, ignite auxiliary magnet gunpowder in high energy gas fracturing device and pressure break medicine, moment produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas continuously at pit shaft, form multiple-pulse pressure fracturing stratum, produce around the pit shaft borehole wall and form the multiple cracking network system.But the method utilizes high energy gas fractured rock and produce multiple cracking to focus mostly on around pit shaft, and mechanism is different from fracturing.
Chinese patent CN2858947 discloses the beaming fracturing unit that a kind of novel, well fracturing uses.For obtaining high-octane boundling gas-flow, pulse being implemented to oil-gas Layer and loads pressure break.Make reservoir of oil and gas produce many radial long cracks, effectively improve the permeability of Oil/gas Well near wellbore zone, and with stratum intrinsic fracture effective communication, formed fracture network.But this patent emphasis is in beaming fracturing unit structure design, utilize boundling gas-flow crack initiation stratum, different from fracturing in mechanism.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention provides the method for a kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase, utilize slippery water or fall the construction infusion program blocked water with different and target zone is pressurizeed, be aided with simultaneously build the pressure in stifled, seam temporarily, super-low-density proppant single zone compaction technology, impel the superposition producing multiple spot induced stress in layer, to form the artificial map cracking of large area shearing slip, enlargement gas drainage area, improve well yield.
The object of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase.
Comprise:
(1) by slippery water or fall the fracturing fluid that blocks water and inject under higher than rammell fracture pressure condition, crack initiation stratum;
(2) inject Proppant Slugs and implement stifled temporarily building the pressure to main shearing seam, inject after fracturing fluid until continuation, in the seam of increase, net pressure forces crack to turn to;
(3) after Proppant Slugs and fracturing fluid alter least-squares 3 ~ 5 pump sections, carry out main load fluid injection, after injecting main load fluid 4 ~ 6 pump sections, when the main load fluid staged pressure value of well head operation pressure monitoring display has 2 ~ 3MPa to fluctuate, termination of pumping 30 ~ 60min, the fragile face of inside, crack produces network fracture form;
(4), after network fracture is shaped, injects with low liquid sand ratio, high infusion discharge capacity the super-low-density proppant being mixed with short fiber, continue 3 ~ 5 pump sections;
(5) row of returning again after stewing well 30 ~ 120min after pressure.
Discharge capacity in step (1) is 6 ~ 8m
3/ min;
In step (2), discharge capacity is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, step proppant concentration 40 ~ 200kg/m
3;
In step (3), discharge capacity is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, step proppant concentration 60 ~ 360kg/m
3;
Main load fluid is the mulling liquid of fracturing fluid and main proppant, and proppant particle diameter selects 40/70 order or 30/50 order usually;
In step (4), discharge capacity injects discharge capacity raising 1 ~ 2m than Proppant Slugs
3/ min is 10 ~ 14m
3/ min, step sand liquor ratio is 5% ~ 10%; Described low sand liquor ratio and high infusion amount are relative to step (3), lower than the sand liquor ratio of step (3), higher than the infusion amount of step (3), super-low-density proppant is also usually adopt in this area, and general density is less than 1.25g/cm
3.
Step as the term suggests be a kind of mode that hydraulic fracturing proppants adds, namely by an initial proppant concentration or sand liquor ratio, is progressively increased to design peak by certain increment (step).As: initial support agent concentration is 60kg/m
3the highest proppant concentration of design is 360kg/m
3, step increment is 60kg/m
3, then through 60-120-180-240-300-360kg/m
3six steps add sand step can reach design peak.
Specifically can adopt following scheme:
1) adopt high pressure, low viscosity slippery water or fall to block water to inject stratum to realize waterpower and make seam, to impel laminated slate formation fracture to produce shearing slip, discharge capacity is 6 ~ 8m
3/ min;
2) inject 100 order small particle diameter Proppant Slugs and implement stifled temporarily building the pressure to main shearing seam, inject after fracturing fluid until continuation, in the seam of increase, net pressure forces crack to turn to.Whole process discharge capacity is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, step proppant concentration 40 ~ 200kg/m
3;
Fragility shale formation in crack initiation process except producing except major fracture, part intrinsic fracture or drilling well attractive joint may be opened again, this part crack is often caused of the fracturing fluid leak-off and affects the extension of major fracture, particularly may cause a large amount of leak-off of liquid in the load fluid stage of injecting and form sand plug, affecting fracturing effect.Therefore and then the present invention injects small particle diameter proppant (proppant order number is generally 100 orders) slug after injecting without proppant prepad fluid (object is used to make seam), its effect has 2 points: one is that these intrinsic fractures be opened of temporary transient shutoff and drilling well induced fractures reduce fracturing fluid leak; Two is because fracturing fluid leak in major fracture reduces, correspondingly its internal fluid pressure will increase (namely building the pressure in seam) to some extent, fluid pressure is perpendicular to crack wall producing relatively significantly induced stress, therefore original minimum horizontal principal stress is likely made to add that induced stress sum is greater than original maximum horizontal principal stress, thus the stress state before changing, like this, major fracture can turn in extension process.By making to induce it to turn in major fracture extension process, the probability that major fracture is linked up with more intrinsic fractures, drilling well attractive joint can be increased, be conducive to the formation of pressure break network fracture.
3) after the Proppant Slugs of 3 ~ 5 pump sections injects, with slug position for node produces the induced stress stitching interior each point.Carry out main load fluid again and inject 4 ~ 6 pump sections, carry out main load fluid (the mulling liquid of fracturing fluid and main proppant, proppant particle diameter selects 40/70 order or 30/50 order usually) inject, if operation pressure adds remarkable increase with proppant, then take the alter least-squares mode of one section of load fluid, one section of displacement fluid; There is no significant change if operation pressure adds with proppant or slightly decline, then taking the continuous injection mode of load fluid.After alter least-squares or continuously injection load fluid 4 ~ 6 pump sections, if the main load fluid staged pressure value of well head operation pressure monitoring display has 2 ~ 3MPa fluctuation within a narrow range, in good time termination of pumping 30 ~ 60min, impel induced stress mutually superpose and have an impact to every bit to increase crack net pressure, on the fragile face of inside, crack, produce network branches seam thus shear the network fracture form of stitching and being interweaved with main;
4), after network is seamed into shape, (injects discharge capacity than Proppant Slugs with low sand liquor ratio, high infusion discharge capacity and improve 1 ~ 2m
3/ min) inject the super-low-density proppant being mixed with short fiber, impact the whaleback of previous Proppant Slugs formation on the one hand with high-speed pulse, amass to increase crack overflow section; Proppant is in floating state in fracturing fluid system and migrates with of the fracturing fluid flowing in seam on the other hand, treat fracturing fluid gradually leak-off enter stratum, super-low-density proppant is close to the wall sedimentation arrangement of shearing seam crack and redistribution, finally realizes the interior part mono-layer propping agent filling of main shearing seam under formation closure effect of stress.Individual layer sanding emphasizes that particle periphery has space, adds the on-state rate after fracture support, and whole process discharge capacity is 10 ~ 14m
3/ min, step sand liquor ratio 5% ~ 10%, continues 3 ~ 5 pump sections;
Sand liquor ratio, namely injects the ratio that proppant volume is long-pending with the clean liquid of fracturing fluid; Infusion discharge capacity and fracturing fluid or fracturing fluid and proppant mulling liquid to amass or mulling liquid amasss through being injected well head clean liquid per minute by ground high pressure pipe joint after ground fracturing pump truck pressurizes, and unit is m
3/ min.
5) row of returning again after stewing well 30 ~ 120min after pressure, makes fracture network fully be extended.
First the present invention utilizes low viscosity slippery water or falls to block water and pump into pit shaft and crack initiation stratum with huge discharge, produce slippage and shear seam, and link up different fragile faces, make crack can not be completely closed, when not with proppant, crack still has certain flow conductivity; Secondly, " multistage plug injects-build the pressure-induce in stifled-seam temporarily turn to-later stage proppant individual layer is laid " technique especially very easily forms secondary fracture for two to the rammell that horizontal principal stress difference is little and turns to and produce firm fracture network structure; Finally by little sand than super-low-density proppant in main shearing seam forming section single zone compaction to maintain the validity in crack.Instant invention overcomes conventional pressure break both wings support seam drainage area little, the easy compacting of single fracture support agent multilayer filling, the problem that flow conductivity is low, can improve shale gas reservoir fracturing effect, increases well yield.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 slippery water or fall blocks water the slippage seam produced into stratum.
The network-like crack formed after Fig. 2 shale gas reservoir fracturing
Description of reference numerals:
1-well 2-main shearing seam 3-turns to the secondary seam of seam 4-to extend
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
Embodiment:
A well is a bite terrestrial facies shale gas well, and fracturing fluid adopts and falls the system of blocking water, and proppant adopts 100 order haydite+40/70 order haydites+30/50 order haydite in hot pursuit, technology that pressure break mode adopts " build the pressure-induce in multistage plug injection-block up temporarily-seam and turn to ".
1) prepad fluid is made seam stage discharge capacity and is first risen to 6m
3/ min, then discharge capacity continues to be promoted to 8m
3/ min
2) prepad fluid and the 100 order haydite slug alter least-squares stages, initial support agent concentration 60kg/m
3, at the end of the first order 100 order haydite slug and prepad fluid infusion, the monitoring of well head operation pressure has the pressure drop of 3.1MPa, and discharge capacity rises to 11m then
3/ min, proppant concentration rises to 90kg/m
3, inject second level prepad fluid rear support agent concentration and rise to 120kg/m
3, whole process proppant step increment is 30kg/m
3, alter least-squares 3 pump sections altogether;
3) main load fluid injects the stage, with 11m
3the discharge capacity of/min injects the mulling liquid (i.e. main load fluid) of fracturing fluid and main proppant (40/70 order), initial support agent concentration 90kg/m
3, in work progress, well head monitoring pressure adds with proppant 1 ~ 2MPa fluctuation within a narrow range, and adopt load fluid and fall the alter least-squares mode that blocks water, 40/70 order ceramsite propping agent concentration is promoted to 120kg/m respectively
3, 150kg/m
3, proppant step increment is 30kg/m
3, alter least-squares 3 pump sections inject 100 order haydite (proppant concentration 90kg/m of 1 pump section afterwards
3) slug fracture carries out secondary polishing; Discharge capacity keeps 11m afterwards
3/ min, continue injection 40/70 order haydite, proppant concentration is by 120kg/m
3be promoted to 150kg/m respectively
3, 180kg/m
3, proppant step increment is 30kg/m
3, alter least-squares 3 pump sections;
4) for improving nearly well fracture condudtiviy, 30/50 order ceramsite propping agent of injection 1 pump section in hot pursuit, concentration is 180kg/m
3;
5) drive a well after stewing well 120min after pressure discharge opeing.
After A well pressure, at the beginning of conversion day, gas production is 1000m
3/ d.
Claims (5)
1. a method for shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase, is characterized in that described method comprises:
(1) by slippery water or fall the fracturing fluid that blocks water and inject under higher than rammell fracture pressure condition, crack initiation stratum;
(2) inject Proppant Slugs and implement stifled temporarily building the pressure to main shearing seam, inject after fracturing fluid until continuation, in the seam of increase, net pressure forces crack to turn to;
(3) after Proppant Slugs and fracturing fluid alter least-squares 3 ~ 5 pump sections, carry out main load fluid injection, after injecting main load fluid 4 ~ 6 pump sections, when the main load fluid staged pressure value of well head operation pressure monitoring display has 2 ~ 3MPa to fluctuate, termination of pumping 30 ~ 60min, the fragile face of inside, crack produces network fracture form;
(4), after network fracture is shaped, injects with low sand liquor ratio, high infusion discharge capacity the super-low-density proppant being mixed with short fiber, continue 3 ~ 5 pump sections;
(5) row of returning again after stewing well 30 ~ 120min after pressure.
2. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Discharge capacity in step (1) is 6 ~ 8m
3/ min.
3. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step (2), the discharge capacity of whole process is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, proppant concentration is from 40kg/m
3progressively 200kg/m is increased to by certain increment
3.
4. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step (3), discharge capacity is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, proppant concentration is from 60kg/m
3progressively 360kg/m is increased to by certain increment
3.
5. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that:
In step (2), discharge capacity is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, proppant concentration is from 40kg/m
3progressively 200kg/m is increased to by certain increment
3;
In step (3), discharge capacity is 8 ~ 12m
3/ min, proppant concentration is from 60kg/m
3progressively 360kg/m is increased to by certain increment
3;
In step (4), discharge capacity injects discharge capacity raising 1 ~ 2m than Proppant Slugs
3/ min is 10 ~ 14m
3/ min, sand liquor ratio is progressively increased to 10% from 5% by certain increment.
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| 页岩气网络压裂设计方法研究;蒋廷学等;《石油钻探技术》;20110531;第39卷(第3期);第36-40页 * |
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| CN103306660A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
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