CN110159239B - Vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method - Google Patents
Vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110159239B CN110159239B CN201910370940.2A CN201910370940A CN110159239B CN 110159239 B CN110159239 B CN 110159239B CN 201910370940 A CN201910370940 A CN 201910370940A CN 110159239 B CN110159239 B CN 110159239B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method, which comprises the following steps of; 1. establishing a communication channel between a shaft and a reservoir; 2. injecting a pad fluid into the reservoir through the oil pipe and the casing until a crack is formed in the reservoir; 3. injecting a sand-free pad fluid into the reservoir through the oil pipe, injecting a sand-carrying fluid into the reservoir through the oil sleeve annulus, mixing the pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the fracture formed in the second step until the proppant is completely laid in the fracture; 4. and injecting a displacement fluid into the crack through oil casing co-injection, wherein the using amount of the displacement fluid is larger than the volume of the shaft. The method improves the transformation efficiency of the large-scale reservoir, is beneficial to communicating large-scale reservoir bodies, increases the injection displacement of the pad fluid, enlarges the transformation scale, reduces sand blockage at the bottom of a well, and improves the laying efficiency of the propping agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field exploitation reservoir transformation, and relates to a vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the major measures used in hydrocarbon reservoir reformation in the industry today. For unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, large-scale hydraulic fracturing modification such as volume fracturing and fracture network fracturing technologies are used more and more frequently. The large-scale hydraulic fracturing is mainly characterized by large discharge capacity (pad fluid) and large sand capacity (proppant). However, the conventional injection mode is limited by the inner diameter of the oil pipe and the friction between the liquid and the inner wall of the oil pipe, the injection displacement is small, sand piling and sand blocking are easily formed at the bottom of the well, and the final scale and swept volume of hydraulic fracturing are limited. The proppant is injected into the oil pipe at high speed to damage the inner wall of the oil pipe, so that hidden troubles are brought to later oil and gas production. Meanwhile, the proppant is accumulated near the wellhead, so that the fracture conductivity of a far well zone is reduced.
At present, the main solution of the problems is to increase the inner diameter of an oil pipe or perform oil sleeve co-injection after sand mixing at a wellhead. However, these methods cannot simultaneously solve three problems of discharge limitation, bottom hole sand blocking, oil pipe inner wall damage and the like.
Patent application No.: CN201410423439.5 provides a double-sealing single-clamping volume fracturing string, specifically an oil pipe, wherein the tail end of the oil pipe is linked with a packer, a check valve, an eye tube and a guide centralizer at one time, and a guide pressure ejector is connected between the packer and the oil pipe; the oil pipe is connected with a second packer, a third packer and an annular injection valve in series, the second packer is positioned above the pressure guide ejector, the third packer is positioned above the second packer, and the annular injection valve is positioned above the third packer and is next to the third packer. But the method has the defects that the method is suitable for the horizontal well, and the problems of sand blocking at the bottom of the well and damage to the inner wall of the oil pipe are not solved by the method.
Patent application No.: CN201520135209.9 provides an oil jacket with annotating control valve, can realize leading liquid and pour into simultaneously in oil pipe and sleeve pipe, has effectively improved fracturing efficiency and has reduced oil pipe wearing and tearing. But the method has the defects that the method does not solve the problems of sand blocking at the bottom of the well and damage to the inner wall of the oil pipe caused by propping agent.
In conclusion, in the large-scale hydraulic fracturing process of a vertical well, the existing valves, pipe columns and methods can solve part of difficulties, but cannot simultaneously solve three difficulties of discharge capacity limitation, bottom hole sand blocking, oil pipe inner wall damage and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method, which realizes hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing with large discharge capacity, large sand quantity, low oil pipe damage and low sand blocking.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method comprises the following steps;
establishing a communication channel between a shaft and a reservoir;
injecting pad fluid into the reservoir through the oil pipe and the casing until a crack is formed in the reservoir;
injecting a sand-free pad fluid into the reservoir through an oil pipe, injecting a sand-carrying fluid consisting of a propping agent into the reservoir through an oil sleeve annulus, mixing the pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the crack formed in the second step until the propping agent is completely paved in the crack;
and step four, injecting the displacement fluid into the crack through oil sleeve co-injection, wherein the using amount of the displacement fluid is larger than the volume of the shaft.
Preferably, in the second step, the pad fluid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of guanidine gum thickener; 1% -3% of potassium chloride; the balance being water.
Preferably, in the second step, the pad fluid is a thickening acid, and the thickening acid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 20% hydrochloric acid; 3 to 5 percent of polyacrylamide thickening agent; the balance being water.
Preferably, step three includes the following steps;
injecting high-viscosity pad fluid without sand into the reservoir through an oil pipe, injecting sand-carrying fluid into the reservoir through an oil sleeve annulus, mixing the high-viscosity pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the fracture formed in the second step until the large-particle-size proppant is completely laid in the fracture;
and (3) injecting low-viscosity pad fluid without sand into the reservoir through an oil pipe, injecting sand-carrying fluid into the reservoir through the oil sleeve annulus, mixing the low-viscosity pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the fracture formed in the second step until the small-particle-size proppant is completely laid in the fracture.
Further, when the target layer is a compact carbonate reservoir, injecting a high-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid containing a large-particle-size proppant, and then injecting a low-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid containing a small-particle-size proppant; when the target layer is a compact sandstone reservoir, injecting a low-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid containing a small-particle-size proppant, and then injecting a high-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid containing a large-particle-size proppant.
Furthermore, the large-particle size propping agent is quartz sand or ceramsite; the low-viscosity pad fluid adopts slick water, and the small-particle size propping agent adopts silt or powder pottery.
Preferably, before entering step three, a spacer fluid is injected: a spacer fluid is filled through the wellbore into the eroded areas of all the reservoirs.
Further, the isolation liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6% of ammonium chloride and the balance of water.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the dosage of the displacement fluid is 1.5-2 times of the volume of the shaft.
Preferably, the width of the slit is 2cm to 3cm, and the length is 90m to 130 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through the steps of casing perforation completion, oil sleeve simultaneous injection of the pad fluid, oil sleeve annulus injection of the sand-carrying fluid, oil sleeve simultaneous injection of the displacement fluid and the like, the large-scale reservoir transformation efficiency is effectively improved, so that the large-scale reservoir is favorably communicated, and because the oil pipe and the oil sleeve annulus are injected simultaneously, the pad fluid injection displacement is increased, and the transformation scale is increased; the sand-carrying liquid is injected into the air of the oil sleeve ring and is not injected into the oil pipe, so that the damage to the inner wall of the oil pipe is reduced; because the sand-carrying liquid is injected in the air of the oil sleeve ring, the sand-carrying liquid is mixed with the preposed liquid injected in the oil pipe again at the well bottom, the sand blocking at the well bottom is reduced, and the laying efficiency of the propping agent is improved. The method is beneficial to large-scale fracturing of oil and gas wells, production and exploitation of oil fields, improvement of yield, cost saving and good application prospect and market value.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The method for large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing of a vertical well with a target layer being a compact carbonate reservoir comprises the following steps:
A. casing completion: completing a well casing of a reservoir, and establishing a communication channel between a shaft and the reservoir; the formation entry technique is casing perforation; the opening position of the shaft is positioned in the middle of the reservoir; preparing a pad fluid according to the following components in percentage by weight before injecting liquid: 0.3-0.5% of a guanidine gum thickener; 1% -3% of potassium chloride; the balance being water. The temperature resistance is more than 100 ℃, and the damage rate of the reservoir is less than 5%.
B. Injecting a pad fluid: injecting a pad fluid into the reservoir through the oil pipe and the oil sleeve annulus, so that the injection pressure at the bottom of the well is higher than the rock fracture pressure, and squeezing the reservoir rock to form a crack channel; and a filter membrane is formed, so that the filtration loss of the front liquid is reduced, and the temperature of a reservoir is reduced; the width of the crack is 2 cm-3 cm, the length is 90 m-130 m, and the consumption of the pad fluid is calculated according to the thickness of a reservoir stratum, the initial crack length and the like in the fracturing design;
C. injecting a high-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid consisting of a large-particle-size propping agent: injecting a pre-fluid with slightly high viscosity without sand into the oil pipe, injecting a sand carrying fluid into the oil sleeve annulus, selecting quartz sand or ceramsite with larger particle size as a propping agent, mixing the pre-fluid and the sand carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, entering the stratum to expand cracks, and laying the propping agent in the stratum cracks for supporting the main cracks.
D. Injecting a low-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid consisting of small-particle-size propping agents: low-viscosity pre-fluid without sand is injected into an oil pipe, slickwater is preferably adopted in the embodiment, sand carrying fluid is injected into the oil sleeve annulus, and the propping agent is selected from powder sand or powder pottery with smaller grain diameter, is mixed with the slickwater at the bottom of a well, enters a stratum to expand a secondary fracture, is communicated with a natural fracture and is used for propping a main fracture.
E. Injecting a displacing liquid: using displacement fluid to displace the fluid in the well bore into the reservoir; the using amount of the displacement liquid is 1.5-2 times of the volume of the well cylinder.
Example 2
The method for large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing of the vertical well with the target layer being the compact sandstone reservoir comprises the following steps:
A. casing completion: completing a well casing of a reservoir, and establishing a communication channel between a shaft and the reservoir; the formation entry technique is casing perforation; the opening position of the shaft is positioned in the middle of the reservoir;
before injection, the pad fluid is prepared according to the following composition in percentage by weight, and a thickening acid is preferably used in the embodiment: hydrochloric acid, 20%; 3% -5% of polyacrylamide thickening agent; the balance being water. The temperature resistance is more than 120 ℃, and the damage rate of the reservoir is less than 5%.
B. Injecting a pad fluid: injecting a preposed acid solution into the reservoir through the oil pipe and the oil sleeve annulus, reducing the fracture pressure of the rock at the bottom of the well, squeezing the rock of the reservoir, forming and etching a crack channel, and forming a main crack; and a filter membrane is formed, so that the filtration loss of the pad fluid is reduced; reducing the reservoir temperature; the width of the crack is 2 cm-3 cm, the length is 90 m-130 m, and the consumption of the pad fluid is calculated according to the thickness of a reservoir stratum, the initial crack length and the like in the fracturing design;
C. injecting a spacer fluid: filling the acid-etched areas of all reservoirs with a spacer fluid through a well bore, wherein the spacer fluid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: ammonium chloride: 6 percent; the balance of water;
D. injecting a low-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid consisting of small-particle-size propping agents: low-viscosity pre-fluid without sand is injected into an oil pipe, slickwater is preferably adopted in the embodiment, sand carrying fluid is injected into the oil sleeve annulus, and the propping agent is selected from powder sand or powder pottery with smaller grain diameter, is mixed with the slickwater at the bottom of a well, enters a stratum to expand a secondary fracture, is communicated with a natural fracture and is used for propping a main fracture.
E. Injecting a high-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid consisting of a large-particle-size propping agent: injecting a pre-fluid with slightly high viscosity without sand into the oil pipe, injecting a sand carrying fluid into the oil sleeve annulus, selecting quartz sand or ceramsite with larger particle size as a propping agent, mixing the pre-fluid and the sand carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, entering the stratum to expand cracks, and paving the propping agent in the stratum cracks for supporting the main cracks.
F. Injecting a displacing liquid: using displacement fluid to displace the fluid in the well bore into the reservoir; the using amount of the displacement liquid is 1.5-2 times of the volume of the well cylinder.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps;
establishing a communication channel between a shaft and a reservoir, wherein the opening position of the shaft is positioned in the middle of the reservoir;
injecting pad fluid into the reservoir through the oil pipe and the casing until a crack is formed in the reservoir;
injecting a spacer fluid: filling the acid-etched areas of all reservoirs with a spacer fluid through the wellbore;
injecting a sand-free pad fluid into the reservoir through an oil pipe, injecting a sand-carrying fluid consisting of a propping agent into the reservoir through an oil sleeve annulus, mixing the pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the fracture formed in the second step until the propping agent is completely paved in the fracture;
injecting high-viscosity pad fluid without sand into the reservoir through an oil pipe, injecting sand-carrying fluid into the reservoir through an oil sleeve annulus, mixing the high-viscosity pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the crack formed in the second step until the large-particle-size propping agent is completely laid in the crack;
injecting low-viscosity pad fluid without sand into the reservoir through an oil pipe, injecting sand-carrying fluid into the reservoir through an oil sleeve annulus, mixing the low-viscosity pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid at the bottom of the well, and entering the fracture formed in the second step until the small-particle-size proppant is completely laid in the fracture;
and step four, injecting the displacement fluid into the crack through oil sleeve co-injection, wherein the using amount of the displacement fluid is larger than the volume of the shaft.
2. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the pad fluid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3% -0.5% of a guanidine gum thickener; 1% -3% of potassium chloride; the balance being water.
3. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the pad fluid is a thickening acid, and the thickening acid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 20% hydrochloric acid; 3% -5% of a polyacrylamide thickening agent; the balance being water.
4. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the target stratum is a compact carbonate reservoir stratum, the high-viscosity pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid containing the large-particle-size proppant are injected firstly, and then the low-viscosity pad fluid and the sand-carrying fluid containing the small-particle-size proppant are injected; when the target layer is a compact sandstone reservoir, injecting a low-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid containing a small-particle-size proppant, and then injecting a high-viscosity pad fluid and a sand-carrying fluid containing a large-particle-size proppant.
5. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method of claim 1, wherein the large-particle size proppant is quartz sand or ceramsite; the low-viscosity pad fluid adopts slickwater, and the small-particle-size propping agent adopts powder sand or powder pottery.
6. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method of claim 1, wherein the spacer fluid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6% of ammonium chloride and the balance of water.
7. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the amount of the displacement fluid is 1.5-2 times of the volume of the well bore.
8. The vertical well large-scale hydraulic fracturing oil jacket co-injection fracturing method of claim 1, wherein the fracture width is 2 cm-3 cm, and the length is 90 m-130 m.
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| CN110929447B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-11-03 | 西南石油大学 | Shaft temperature field numerical calculation method in thickening acid acidification process |
| CN111236913A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Reverse mixed fracturing pump injection method for tight oil reservoir horizontal well |
| CN114233262B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-10-27 | 西安石油大学 | Method for supporting unconsolidated hydrate reservoir fracture with assistance of modified hydrogel |
| CN114934764A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | System and method for performing dense gas high-strength sand fracturing |
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| US5002125A (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1991-03-26 | The Western Company Of North America | Fracturing process using a viscosity stabilized energizing phase |
| GB2329662B (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-08-25 | Conoco Inc | Cryogenic well stimulation method |
| US7337844B2 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-03-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Perforating and fracturing |
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