CN103306660A - Shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing production increasing method - Google Patents
Shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing production increasing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103306660A CN103306660A CN2012100658286A CN201210065828A CN103306660A CN 103306660 A CN103306660 A CN 103306660A CN 2012100658286 A CN2012100658286 A CN 2012100658286A CN 201210065828 A CN201210065828 A CN 201210065828A CN 103306660 A CN103306660 A CN 103306660A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing production increasing method, which comprises the following steps: injecting quick water or resistance reducing water under the condition that the stress is greater than the shale bed fracture stress to crack the stratum; injecting a plurality of plugs, temporarily plugging, building pressure in a crack, inducing steering and laying a single layer of supporting agent at the later period; injecting the supporting agent with ultra-low density mixed with chopped fiber at low sand ratio and high pumping displacement; flowing back after closing. A target stratum is pressurized by using the quick water or the resistance reducing water with different construction pumping programs, supplemented by the temporary plugging technology, the in-crack pressure building technology and the filling technology of the supporting agent with ultra-low density, the superposition of multi-point induced stress fields produced in the stratum is promoted to form large-area cut slip artificial netlike cracks, the gas leakage area is expanded, and the single well yield is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the petroleum production engineering field, say further, relate to a kind of method of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase.
Background technology
At present the shale gas reservoir pressure break mainly is will be fallen in a large number by ground high-pressure pump group to block water or the pressure break liquid system such as slippery water is injected pit shaft under the condition that is higher than shale gas reservoir fracture pressure, via target zone preforation tunnel crack initiation stratum.Common whole process adopts 8~10m
3The fixed displacement of/min alternately injects prepad fluid and proppant, with proppant in the crack, migrate, sedimentation presses off seam with support, makes the crack keep certain flow conductivity under formation closure stress; Simultaneously, also in fracturing process, create as far as possible the network crack, improve shale gas Reservoir Seepage ability and improve gas well output with effective.Yet, the shale gas reservoir that geostatic stress difference is larger, adopt this kind fracturing technology be difficult in the crack to produce enough large net pressure with breakthrough level two to stress difference, thereby cause the single waterpower of the intimate symmetry of the actual formation of perforation target zone both wings to press off seam.For shale gas reservoir, the earial drainage area in single crack is limited, and the fracture condudtiviy of acquisition is on the low side, discontented full border volume increase demand.
Chinese patent CN101395340 discloses a kind of frac system for oil well, and wherein the mixture of LPG, propane and butane is injected into pit shaft as a kind of brand-new fracturing fluid system.This patent emphasis provides a kind of fracturing fluid system of protecting reservoir, is not specifically related to shale gas reservoir fracturing process implementing method.
Chinese patent CN101737027 discloses a kind of high energy gas fracturing device of oil reservoirs of horizontal well, by the pressure igniting pressure blasting device igniting of detonating of igniting, high energy gas fracturing device interior auxiliary magnet gunpowder and pressure break medicine ignite, moment produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas at pit shaft continuously, form multiple-pulse pressure fracturing stratum, around the pit shaft borehole wall, produce and form the multiple cracking network system.But the method is to utilize the high energy gas fractured rock and produce multiple cracking to focus mostly on around pit shaft, is different from fracturing on the mechanism.
Chinese patent CN2858947 discloses a kind of beaming fracturing unit novel, that well fracturing uses.Be used for obtaining high-octane boundling gas-flow, oil-gas Layer implemented pulse load pressure break.Make reservoir of oil and gas produce many radial long cracks, effectively improve the permeability of Oil/gas Well near wellbore zone, and with stratum intrinsic fracture effective communication, form fracture network.But this patent emphasis utilizes boundling gas-flow crack initiation stratum on the beaming fracturing unit structure design, different from fracturing on the mechanism.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase, utilize slippery water or fall the construction infusion program that blocks water with different target zone is pressurizeed, be aided with simultaneously temporarily build the pressure in stifled, the seam, super-low-density proppant single zone compaction technology, impel the stack that produces the multiple spot induced stress in the layer, to form the artificial map cracking of large tracts of land shearing slip, enlargement gas earial drainage area improves well yield.
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase.
Comprise:
(1) with slippery water or fall the fracturing fluid that blocks water and inject the crack initiation stratum being higher than under the rupture stress condition of rammell;
(2) inject Proppant Slugs the main seam of shearing is implemented temporarily stifled building the pressure, after continuing to inject fracturing fluid, net pressure forces the crack to turn in the seam of increase;
(3) after Proppant Slugs and fracturing fluid alternately inject 3~5 pump sections, carrying out main load fluid injects, after injecting 4~6 pump sections of main load fluid, when the monitoring of well head operation pressure shows that main load fluid staged pressure value has 2~3MPa fluctuation, termination of pumping 30~60min, the fragile face in inside, crack produces the network fracture pattern;
(4) after the network crack is shaped, inject the super-low-density proppant that is mixed with short fiber with low liquid sand ratio, high infusion discharge capacity, continue 3~5 pump sections;
(5) press after the row of returning again behind stewing well 30~120min.
Discharge capacity in the step (1) is 6~8m
3/ min;
Discharge capacity is 8~12m in the step (2)
3/ min, step proppant concentration 40~200kg/m
3
Discharge capacity is 8~12m in the step (3)
3/ min, step proppant concentration 60~360kg/m
3
Main load fluid is the mulling liquid of fracturing fluid and main proppant, and the proppant particle diameter is selected 40/70 order or 30/50 order usually;
Discharge capacity is injected discharge capacity raising 1~2m than Proppant Slugs in the step (4)
3/ min is 10~14m
3/ min, step sand liquor ratio is 5%~10%; Described low sand liquor ratio and high infusion amount are with respect to step (3), and be lower than the sand liquor ratio of step (3), higher than the infusion amount of step (3), and super-low-density proppant also is usually to adopt in this area, and general density is less than 1.25g/cm
3
Step namely by an initial proppant concentration or sand liquor ratio, progressively is increased to design peak by certain increment (step) as the term suggests be a kind of mode that hydraulic fracturing proppants adds.As: the initial support agent concentration is 60kg/m
3The highest proppant concentration of design is 360kg/m
3, the step increment is 60kg/m
3, then pass through 60-120-180-240-300-360kg/m
3Six steps added the sand step and can reach the design peak.
Specifically can adopt following scheme:
1) adopt high pressure, low viscosity slippery water or fall to block water to inject the stratum to realize that waterpower makes seam, slide to impel the laminated slate formation fracture to produce to shear, discharge capacity is 6~8m
3/ min;
2) inject 100 order small particle diameter Proppant Slugs the main seam of shearing is implemented temporarily stifled building the pressure, after continuing to inject fracturing fluid, net pressure forces the crack to turn in the seam of increase.Whole process discharge capacity is 8~12m
3/ min, step proppant concentration 40~200kg/m
3
The fragility shale formation in the crack initiation process except meeting produces major fracture, part intrinsic fracture or drilling well induce seam again to be opened, this part crack tends to cause of the fracturing fluid leak-off and the extension that affects major fracture, particularly may cause a large amount of leak-offs of liquid and form sand plug in the load fluid stage of injecting, affect fracturing effect.Therefore and then the present invention injects small particle diameter proppant (proppant order number is generally 100 orders) slug after injecting without proppant prepad fluid (purpose is to make seam), its effect has 2 points: the one, and these intrinsic fractures that are opened of temporary transient shutoff and drilling well induce the crack to reduce fracturing fluid leak; The 2nd, because fracturing fluid leak reduces in the major fracture, correspondingly its internal fluid pressure will increase (namely building the pressure in the seam) to some extent, fluid pressure can produce relatively significantly induced stress perpendicular to the crack wall, therefore might make original minimum level main stress bar add that the induced stress sum is greater than original maximum horizontal principal stress, thereby the stress state before changing, like this, major fracture can turn in the extension process.Induce it to turn to by making in the major fracture extension process, can increase major fracture and induce the probability that stitches communication with more intrinsic fractures, drilling well, be conducive to the formation in pressure break network crack.
3) after the Proppant Slugs of 3~5 pump sections injects, produce the induced stress of each point in the seam take the slug position as node.Carry out again main load fluid and inject 4~6 pump sections, carry out main load fluid (the mulling liquid of fracturing fluid and main proppant, the proppant particle diameter is selected 40/70 order or 30/50 order usually) inject, increase if operation pressure adds significantly with proppant, then take the alternately injection mode of one section displacement fluid of one section load fluid; Do not have significant change or slightly decline if operation pressure adds with proppant, then take the continuous injection mode of load fluid.After replacing injection or injecting continuously 4~6 pump sections of load fluid, if the monitoring of well head operation pressure shows that main load fluid staged pressure value has 2~3MPa fluctuation within a narrow range, in good time termination of pumping 30~60min, impel induced stress mutually to superpose and every bit is exerted an influence to increase the crack net pressure, the fragile face in inside, crack produces the network branches seam and shears the network fracture pattern that seam is interweaved with main thus;
4) after network is seamed into shape, (injects discharge capacity than Proppant Slugs and improve 1~2m with low sand liquor ratio, high infusion discharge capacity
3/ min) inject the super-low-density proppant that is mixed with short fiber, impact the whaleback that previous Proppant Slugs forms with high-speed pulse on the one hand, long-pending to increase the crack overflow section; Proppant is in floating state and migrates with of the fracturing fluid flowing in the fracturing fluid system in seam on the other hand, treat fracturing fluid gradually leak-off enter the stratum, super-low-density proppant is close to the wall sedimentation arrangement of shearing seam crack and redistribution, finally realizes the interior part mono-layer propping agent filling of main shearing seam under the formation closure effect of stress.The individual layer sanding emphasizes that the particle periphery has the space, has increased the on-state rate after the crack is supported, and whole process discharge capacity is 10~14m
3/ min, step sand liquor ratio 5%~10% continues 3~5 pump sections;
The sand liquor ratio is namely injected the proppant volume ratio long-pending with the clean liquid of fracturing fluid; It is long-pending or mulling liquid is long-pending by the clean liquid that is injected the well head per minute by the ground high pressure pipe joint through the pressurization of ground fracturing pump truck that the infusion discharge capacity is fracturing fluid or fracturing fluid and proppant mulling liquid, and unit is m
3/ min.
5) press after the row of returning again behind stewing well 30~120min, fracture network is fully extended.
The present invention at first utilizes the low viscosity slippery water or falls to block water and enters pit shaft and crack initiation stratum with large discharge pump, produce slippage and shear seam, and link up different fragile faces, make fully closure of crack, in the situation that not with proppant, the crack still has certain flow conductivity; Secondly, " the multistage plug injects-build the pressure-induce in stifled-seam temporarily turn to-later stage proppant individual layer is laid " technique especially very easily forms secondary fracture for two to the little rammell of horizontal principal stress difference and turns to and produce firm fracture network structure; At last by little sand than super-low-density proppant at the main forming section single zone compaction of shearing in the seam to keep the validity in crack.It is little that the present invention has overcome conventional pressure break both wings support seam earial drainage area, the easy compacting of single crack proppant multilayer filling, and the problem that flow conductivity is low can be improved shale gas reservoir fracturing effect, increases well yield.
Description of drawings
The slippage seam that Fig. 1 slippery water or fall blocks water and produces into the stratum.
Formed network-like crack behind Fig. 2 shale gas reservoir fracturing
Description of reference numerals:
1-well 2-master shears seam 3-and turns to the secondary seam of seam 4-to extend
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.
Embodiment:
The A well is a bite terrestrial facies shale gas well, and fracturing fluid adopts the system of blocking water of falling, and proppant adopts 100 order haydites+40/70 order haydite+30/50 order haydite in hot pursuit, and the pressure break mode adopts " build the pressure-induce in multistage plug injection-block up temporarily-seam and turn to " technology.
1) prepad fluid is made seam stage discharge capacity and is risen to first 6m
3/ min, then discharge capacity continues to be promoted to 8m
3/ min
2) prepad fluid and 100 order haydite slugs replace the injection stage, initial support agent concentration 60kg/m
3, when the first order 100 order haydite slugs and front top were annotated end for liquid pump, the monitoring of well head operation pressure had the pressure drop of 3.1MPa, satisfied discharge capacity and rose to 11m
3/ min, proppant concentration rises to 90kg/m
3, inject the second level preposition displacement fluid rear support agent concentration and rise to 120kg/m
3, whole process proppant step increment is 30kg/m
3, alternately inject altogether 3 pump sections;
3) main load fluid injects the stage, with 11m
3The discharge capacity of/min is injected the mulling liquid (i.e. main load fluid) of fracturing fluid and main proppant (40/70 order), initial support agent concentration 90kg/m
3, the well head monitoring pressure adds with proppant in the work progress 1~2MPa fluctuation within a narrow range, adopts load fluid and falls the alternately injection mode that blocks water, and 40/70 order ceramsite propping agent concentration is promoted to respectively 120kg/m
3, 150kg/m
3, proppant step increment is 30kg/m
3, alternately inject 100 order haydite (the proppant concentration 90kg/m that 3 pump sections are injected 1 pump section afterwards
3) the slug fracture carries out secondary polishing; Discharge capacity keeps 11m afterwards
3/ min continues to inject 40/70 order haydite, and proppant concentration is by 120kg/m
3Be promoted to respectively 150kg/m
3, 180kg/m
3, proppant step increment is 30kg/m
3, alternately inject 3 pump sections;
4) for improving nearly well fracture condudtiviy, be hot on the trail of the 30/50 order ceramsite propping agent that injects 1 pump section, concentration is 180kg/m
3
5) discharge opeing that drives a well behind the stewing well 120min after pressing.
Gas production is 1000m at the beginning of rear conversion day of A well pressure
3/ d.
Claims (6)
1. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing volume increase is characterized in that described method comprises:
(1) with slippery water or fall the fracturing fluid that blocks water and inject the crack initiation stratum being higher than under the rupture stress condition of rammell;
(2) inject 3~5 Proppant Slugs the main seam of shearing is implemented temporarily stifled building the pressure, after continuing to inject fracturing fluid, net pressure forces the crack to turn in the seam of increase;
(3) after Proppant Slugs and fracturing fluid alternately inject 3~5 pump sections, carrying out main load fluid injects, after injecting 4~6 pump sections of main load fluid, when the monitoring of well head operation pressure shows that main load fluid staged pressure value has 2~3MPa fluctuation, termination of pumping 30~60min, the fragile face in inside, crack produces the network fracture pattern;
(4) after the network crack is shaped, inject the mulling liquid of short fiber and super-low-density proppant with low sand liquor ratio, high infusion discharge capacity, continue 3~5 pump sections;
(5) press after the row of returning again behind stewing well 30~120min.
2. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing as claimed in claim 1 volume increase is characterized in that:
Discharge capacity in the step (1) is 6~8m
3/ min.
3. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing as claimed in claim 1 volume increase is characterized in that:
Discharge capacity is 8~12m in the step (2)
3/ min, step proppant concentration 40~200kg/m
3
4. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing as claimed in claim 1 volume increase is characterized in that:
Discharge capacity is 8~12m in the step (3)
3/ min, step proppant concentration 60~360kg/m
3
5. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing as claimed in claim 1 volume increase is characterized in that:
Discharge capacity is injected discharge capacity raising 1~2m than Proppant Slugs in the step (4)
3/ min is 10~14m
3/ min, step sand liquor ratio is 5%~10%.
6. the method for shale gas reservoir fracturing as claimed in claim 2 volume increase is characterized in that:
Discharge capacity is 8~12m in the step (2)
3/ min, step proppant concentration 40~200kg/m
3
Discharge capacity is 8~12m in the step (3)
3/ min, step proppant concentration 60~360kg/m
3
Discharge capacity is injected discharge capacity raising 1~2m than Proppant Slugs in the step (4)
3/ min is 10~14m
3/ min, step sand liquor ratio is 5%~10%.
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