CN104963671B - A kind of fracturing reform method of High angle from formula well reservoir - Google Patents
A kind of fracturing reform method of High angle from formula well reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of fracturing reform method the present invention relates to High angle from formula well reservoir, belongs to petroleum exploration and development technical field.The present invention is first according to the type that crack after pressure is determined from the hole angle of formula well and azimuth, for the target well that independent crack can be formed after pressure fracturing reform is carried out using mechanical partial pressure processes, pass through perforation optimization, tripping in multiple-string packer packing perforated interval in the wellbore, to form a plurality of independent parallel crack as transformation target；Target well for independent crack can not be formed after pressure, using diverting agent stitch in temporary stifled fracturing technology, by adding diverting agent in construction, make while major fracture is formed, form a plurality of secondary fracture, increase man-made fracture complexity.Types of fractures uses different fracturing technologies after the present invention is directed to different pressures, for that can form independent crack well, using mechanical partial pressure processes；For independent crack well can not be formed, using temporary stifled fracturing technology, so as to increase reservoir reconstruction volume to greatest extent, correctional effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
A kind of fracturing reform method the present invention relates to High angle from formula well reservoir, belong to petroleum exploration and development technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
Reservoir effective permeability is typically less than 1 × 10-3μm2Oil reservoir be defined as low-permeability oil deposit, fracturing reform is this
The only way of class reservoir effective exploitation.Classical transformation thinking is that a crack as long as possible, crack two are made in reservoir
Side reservoir hydrocarbons import pit shaft by this crack.And low permeability oil field is typically developed using cluster well flooding pattern.With
The continuous reduction of employing reservoir properties lower limit, it is necessary to which Reservoir Body is linked up in longer crack, but pressure-break length is by injection-production well
Net limitation, can not further extend.(hole angle is more than 40 °) cluster well pit shaft orientation is different in addition, High angle, fracture initiation and
Extension has bigger difference with straight well, rare currently for the fracturing technique that becomes more meticulous of this kind of well.
External shale oil and gas reservoir modification Experience shows that reservoir reconstruction effect is with total volume of transforming into positive correlation, reservoir thing
Property it is poorer, more need to expand total transformation volume.The domestic pressure break practice for the purpose of expanding total reservoir reconstruction volume focus mostly in
In horizontal well.In the prior art, Patent No. 200910243236.7 and 201310034785.X disclose two kinds in straight well
It is middle to utilize oriented perforating technology, many cracks after pressure are realized, expand the fracturing technology of total transformation volume.The defects of both approaches
It is not to be suitable for high angle hole cluster well, and needs oriented perforating, operating expenses is high.
For cluster well, live pressing crack construction is typically according to interlayer developmental state, if interlayer physically well develops, using machinery
Partial pressure processes, if interlayer development is poor, using general combined pressure technique.This thinking is not for the different side of each well purpose section
Different types of fractures make further fine optimization of fracturing design after parallactic angle, hole angle, and the pressure thereby resulted in.If orientation
Angle and hole angle are unfavorable, and packer can not realize effective packing if using mechanical partial pressure, and two cracks that partial pressure is formed can be most
A crack is accumulated eventually, is caused packer to waste and is influenceed fracturing effect, can be when using pressure break if general combined pressure mode
Be formed as a big crack in the preferable sand body of permeability, each sand body transformation is unbalanced, and fracturing transformation effect is poor.
The content of the invention
A kind of fracturing reform method it is an object of the invention to provide High angle from formula well reservoir, to solve current cluster well
The problem of fracturing transformation effect to have been become more meticulous in FRACTURING DESIGN for different types of fractures caused by pressure break is poor.
The present invention provides a kind of High angle from the fracturing reform method of formula well reservoir to solve above-mentioned technical problem, and this changes
The method of making comprises the following steps：
1) crack caused by pressure break is determined according to the hole angle from formula well, pit shaft orientation and biggest principal stress direction angle
Type is independent crack or dependent crack；
If 2) caused crack is independent crack, fracturing reform is carried out using mechanical partial pressure processes, it is a plurality of flat to be formed
The independent crack of row；
If 3) caused crack is dependent crack, using diverting agent stitch in temporarily stifled fracturing technology carry out fracturing reform,
To increase crack complexity.
The criterion in independent crack and dependent crack in the step 1) is that hole angle is more than set angle, pit shaft
Orientation is more than set angle with biggest principal stress direction angle.
The mechanical partial pressure processes used in the step 2) are to arrange perforation since sand body top, and tripping in is more in the wellbore
Level packer packing is every perforated interval, to increase independent Number of Fractures.
Flexible shoulder protector is set up in the packing element both sides of described packer, to reduce the risk that high angle hole above carries chance card.
Perforation thickness in the step 2) is 2-3m, perforating site be located at respectively at the top of sand body under 1/5,3/7,
At 5/7.
The infusion program that the step 2) uses when carrying out pressing crack construction adds sand ladder for 10%-20%-25%-
30%-35%-40%, sand feeding amount 25-30m3, operational discharge capacity 2-2.5m3/min。
In the diverting agent seam used in described step 3) temporarily stifled fracturing technology be by arranging perforation in the middle part of sand body, under
Enter pressure break pipe to interval of interest, diverting agent is added in construction so that form major fracture simultaneously, form a plurality of secondary fracture,
Increase man-made fracture complexity.
Diverting agent in the step 3) is water-soluble diverting agent, with returning discharge opeing discharge after pressure.
During the progress pressing crack construction to major fracture, carried out by the program of setting plus sand, sand feeding amount add when reaching set amount
Enter diverting agent, major fracture length is long 2/3 of conventional well seam off the net, and set plus sand program is 10%-20%-25%-30%-
35%-40%.
During the seam progress pressing crack construction to branch, the prepad fluid for being first pumped into setting makes seam, then enters by the program of setting
Row plus sand, set plus sand program is 5%-10%-15%-20%-25%-30%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention determines crack after pressing according to from the hole angle of formula well and azimuth first
Type, fracturing reform is carried out using mechanical partial pressure processes for the target well in independent crack can be formed after pressure, by perforation optimization,
Tripping in multiple-string packer packing perforated interval in the wellbore, to form a plurality of independent parallel crack as transformation target；For nothing after pressure
Method forms the target well in independent crack, using diverting agent stitch in temporary stifled fracturing technology, by adding diverting agent in construction, make
While forming major fracture, a plurality of secondary fracture is formed, increases man-made fracture complexity.The present invention is directed to crack class after different pressures
Type uses different fracturing technologies, for that can form independent crack well, using mechanical partial pressure processes；Independently split for that can not be formed
Well is stitched, using temporary stifled fracturing technology, so as to increase reservoir reconstruction volume to greatest extent, improves correctional effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to form parallel independent many cracks schematic diagram after pressing；
Fig. 2 is to collect after each fracture initiation extends for a crack schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is WB2-39-2 wells hydraulic fracture operating curve figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Man-made fracture caused by pressure break extends along horizontal biggest principal stress direction, if pit shaft orientation and principal direction of stress into compared with
Mitre, then crack is independent to extend forward after the vertical crack initiation of each perforated interval, can form parallel many cracks；If pit shaft side
Position is with principal stress into smaller angle, then from pit shaft after vertical crack initiation, meeting deflect to maximum principal stress side near wellbore zone in crack
It may collect to the crack of, each perforation crack initiation in extension for a crack, make always to transform volume and be limited.
The present invention is theoretical according to above-mentioned basic pressure break, there is provided a kind of fracturing reform of High angle from formula well low permeability reservoir
Method, targetedly fracturing reform scheme is taken according to different pit shafts and reservoir situation, so as to expand total reservoir reconstruction body
Product, improve fracturing effect.Initially set up independent cracking initiation standard.According to horizontal maximum, minimum principal stress size, reservoir infiltration
Rate, with reference to indoor large logistics organizations result and pressure break experience early stage, it is determined that work as hole angle more than 38 °, pit shaft orientation and maximum
When principal direction of stress angle is more than 21 °, independent crack parallel to each other can be formed by perforation optimization, after pressure.Next is pressed
Process optimization is split, the well for meeting independent cracking initiation condition, using mechanical partial pressure processes, to form a plurality of parallel independently split
Stitch to transform target；Well for not meeting independent cracking initiation condition, using temporary in new Low Damage water solubility diverting agent seam
Stifled fracturing technology, to increase crack complexity as transformation target.Specific implementation step is as follows：
1. well and story selecting
Implement according to following 3 standards：1) sandstone reservoir thickness is more than 25m；2) reservoir develops Sandy Silt or mud up and down
Rock interlayer, obstruction conditions are good；3) flooding pattern is perfect, and by Advance Water Injection culture, reservoir pressure coefficient has reached more than 0.9.
2. determine the type in crack after pressure
According to horizontal maximum, minimum principal stress size, reservoir permeability, with reference to indoor large logistics organizations result and early stage
Pressure break experience, it is determined that when hole angle is more than 38 °, and pit shaft orientation is more than 21 ° with biggest principal stress direction angle, it is excellent by perforation
Change, independent crack parallel to each other can be formed after pressure；And when the conditions set forth above are not met, the crack formed after pressure is dependent
Crack, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
3. for crack after different pressures using corresponding pressure break means
Well for meeting independent cracking initiation condition, using mechanical partial pressure processes, to form a plurality of independent parallel independence
Crack is transformation target；Well for not meeting independent cracking initiation condition, using fracturing technology is temporarily blocked up in seam, to increase crack
Complexity is transformation target.
Illustrate the specific implementation step of mechanical partial pressure processes by taking 3 sections of partial pressure as an example below.
1) pipeline scraper pipe cleaning is less than with clear water anti-flushing well, full wellbore pressure test 20MPa, 30min pressure drops afterwards to shaft bottom
0.5MPa is qualified.
2) perforation is set from top to bottom along sand body, to ensure that each crack independently extends without ganging up mutually, need to keeps certain
Perforation spacing, close 20 hairs of this implementation mesopore/rice, 60 °, perforation thickness 2-3m of phase, perforating site are located at the top of sand body respectively
Under 1/5,3/7,5/7 at.
3) tripping in short rubber cylinder K344 fracturing packers are incorporated into target zone, and the superiors' packer is located in top perforations section
50m avoids casing coupling in position, below two-stage packer positioned at insulating perforated interval lower section 3m positions.K344 in the present embodiment
Packer is, more than the Special packer that 40 ° of cluster well is researched and developed, its packing element length is only 758mm, packing element for hole angle
Both sides increase elastic shoulder protector, reduce high angle hole and above put forward chance card risk.
4) completes lowermost pressing crack construction according to infusion program.Construction throws Φ 38mm balls after terminating termination of pumping, waits 10min to treat
After ball is bottomed, small displacement plays pump, opens sliding sleeve, carries out stage casing pressing crack construction；After construction terminates, Φ 45mm balls are thrown in termination of pumping, are opened
Sliding sleeve construction uppermost.Often set infusion program adds sand ladder to be 10%-20%-25%-30%-35%-40%, sand feeding amount 25-
30m3, operational discharge capacity 2-2.5m3/min。
The specific implementation step of fracturing technology is temporarily blocked up in well seam：
1) pipeline scraper pipe cleaning is less than with clear water anti-flushing well, full wellbore pressure test 20MPa, 30min pressure drops afterwards to shaft bottom
0.5MPa is qualified；
2) perforation, close 20 hairs in hole/rice, 60 ° of phase, perforation thickness is depending on sand thickness, about 6-10m, perforating site
In the middle part of sand body.
3) tripping in fracturing string is to interval of interest.
4) major fracture pressing crack construction, design discharge capacity 2m3/ min, seam long excessively extension during to avoid branch fractures pressure break, if
It is long 2/3 of conventional well seam off the net to count major fracture length, and it is 10%-20%-25%-30%-35%-40% to add sand program, is added
Sand 20m3When add diverting agent in load fluid, addition 70kg, from diverting agent be new Low Damage water in the present embodiment
Dissolubility diverting agent is small to reservoir damage with returning discharge opeing discharge after pressure.
5) branch's seam pressing crack construction, according to man-made fracture propagation law, when net pressure is maximum, minimum main more than horizontal in seam
During the difference of stress, branch's seam can be formed.Simulated according to indoor thing mould result and software, design and construction discharge capacity 4m3/min.Pump first
Enter certain prepad fluid and make seam, the load fluid stage adds sand program to be 5%-10%-15%-20%-25%-30%, adds sand altogether
15m3。
By taking the WB2-39-2 wells of Wei Bei oil fields as an example, mechanical partial pressure processes implementation process is illustrated：
38.2 ° of the well hole angle, 117.2 ° of azimuth, with horizontal 42.1 ° of biggest principal stress direction angle, meet machinery point
Pressure craft screening standard, the well specific explanations data are as shown in table 1.
Well August in 2013 completes perforation on 24th, and the design parameter of perforation is as shown in table 2, the construction pump of different perforated intervals
Program is noted as shown in table 3, table 4 and table 5, tripping in fracturing string on the 31st.September completes three sections of mechanical partial pressures on 3rd, is applied from actual pressure break
From the point of view of work curve, as shown in figure 3, three sections of operation pressures, tracing pattern, termination of pumping pressure have significant difference, show pressure break scene
Independent three cracks.Highest day oil-producing 3.6t after pressure, and offset well uses conventional fracturing technology highest day oil-producing 2.1t, shows
Form a plurality of independent crack and significantly improve correctional effect.
Fracturing string：
Fracturing string structure (from top to bottom)：Φ 73mm external upset tubings (the N80)+Φ 73mm external upset (EU)s of school depth pipe nipple+2
Oil pipe+(the 571m)+Φ 73mm external upset tubings of safety joint+Φ 114mm hydraulic anchor+K344-113 packers 1+sand blower of sliding sleeve
(the 628m)+Φ 73mm external upset tubings of (Φ 40mm)+Φ 114mm hydraulic anchor+K344-113 packers 2+sand blower of sliding sleeve (Φ
36mm)+Φ 114mm hydraulic anchors+K344-113 packers 3 (650m)+Φ 73mm external upset tubings pipe nipple+ball seat sanding machine (Φ
30mm)。
Table 1WB2-39-2 borehole logging tool interpretation results tables of data
Table 2WB2-39-2 well perforating parameter tables
Table 3WB2-39-2 wells length 33 3Formation fracturing construction infusion program list (perforated interval 672m-675m, 682.5m-
684.5m)
Long 33 3After formation fracturing terminates, additional margin 0.5m in displacement fluid3.After construction terminates, Φ 38mm balls are thrown in termination of pumping, etc.
For 10min after ball is bottomed, small displacement plays pump, opens sliding sleeve, carries out growing 33 2Formation fracturing is constructed.
Table 4WB2-39-2 Jing Jing length 33 2Formation fracturing construction infusion program list (perforated interval 644m-646m)
Long 33 2After formation fracturing terminates, additional margin 0.5m in displacement fluid3.After construction terminates, Φ 45mm balls are thrown in termination of pumping, etc.
For 10min after ball is bottomed, small displacement plays pump, opens sliding sleeve, carries out growing 33 1Formation fracturing is constructed.
Table 5WB2-39-2 wells length 33 1Formation fracturing construction infusion program list (perforated interval 619m-622m)
By above-described embodiment, reservoir reconstruction volume can be increased to greatest extent by further demonstrating the present invention, be improved
Correctional effect.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir, it is characterised in that the remodeling method comprises the following steps：1) according to caused by the hole angle of cluster well, pit shaft orientation and biggest principal stress direction angle determine pressure break crack type For independent crack or dependent crack；If 2) caused crack is independent crack, fracturing reform is carried out using mechanical partial pressure processes, it is a plurality of parallel only to be formed Vertical crack；If 3) caused crack is dependent crack, using diverting agent stitch in temporarily stifled fracturing technology carry out fracturing reform, to increase Add crack complexity.
- 2. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1) In independent crack and the criterion in dependent crack be more than set angle for hole angle, pit shaft orientation and maximum principal stress side It is more than set angle to angle.
- 3. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 2) The mechanical partial pressure processes of middle use are to arrange perforation since sand body top, in the wellbore tripping in multiple-string packer packing perforation Section, to increase independent Number of Fractures.
- 4. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described packing Flexible shoulder protector is set up in the packing element both sides of device, to reduce the risk that high angle hole above carries chance card.
- 5. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step 2) In perforation thickness be 2-3m, perforating site is located at the top of sand body at 1/5,3/7,5/7 under respectively.
- 6. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step 2) The infusion program used when carrying out pressing crack construction adds sand ladder for 10%-20%-25%-30%-35%-40%, sand feeding amount 25-30m3, operational discharge capacity 2-2.5m3/min。
- 7. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described step 3) temporarily stifled fracturing technology is by arranging perforation, tripping in pressure break pipe to target zone in the middle part of sand body in the diverting agent seam used in Section, diverting agent is added in construction so that forming major fracture simultaneously, forming a plurality of secondary fracture, increase man-made fracture is complicated Property.
- 8. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the step 3) In diverting agent be water-soluble diverting agent, with returning discharge opeing discharge after pressure.
- 9. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described couple of master is split When seam carries out pressing crack construction, carried out by the program of setting plus sand, sand feeding amount add diverting agent, major fracture length when reaching set amount Long 2/3 is stitched for conventional well is off the net, set plus sand program is 10%-20%-25%-30%-35%-40%.
- 10. the fracturing reform method of High angle cluster well reservoir according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described to secondary When raw crack carries out pressing crack construction, the prepad fluid for being first pumped into setting makes seam, is then carried out by the program of setting plus sand, setting add Sand program is 5%-10%-15%-20%-25%-30%.
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