CN110388196B - Directional branch guiding fracturing method for straight inclined well - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
The invention provides a directional branch guiding fracturing method for a straight inclined shaft, which comprises the following steps: (1) dividing a shaft into a plurality of operation units, wherein each operation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part; (2) respectively carrying out hole fracturing operation on the upper part and the lower part of the operation unit, wherein the azimuth angles of holes formed by the upper part and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress; (3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit until the operation of all operation units of the target reservoir is completed; (4) closing the well and discharging liquid. The method finally forms a crack system consisting of two main cracks and a plurality of reticular cracks, greatly improves the volume of the oil well for modification, and improves the productivity of the oil well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas production, and particularly relates to a directional branch guide fracturing method for a straight inclined well.
Background
Petroleum resources are one of important energy resources on which people rely for many years, and with the development of economy and increasing demand, the exploitation of oil and gas resources is more and more emphasized by people. In recent years, as the development of oil and gas resources is further increased, hypotonic and ultra-hypotonic oil and gas reservoirs in newly-ascertained reserves are increased year by year, and therefore, the exploitation of such oil and gas reservoirs becomes a main position for oil and gas yield increase. Fracturing is increasingly gaining attention as a major stimulation measure for such reservoirs.
The fracturing operation is to utilize a high-pressure pump to pump liquid to fracture the stratum, pump liquid carrying a propping agent, and discharge the liquid after the stratum is closed, so that a fracture with flow conductivity is finally formed, the oil drainage area is increased, and the purposes of improving the seepage capability of a reservoir and improving the oil well productivity are achieved. The traditional fracture stimulation principle is to create two-wing fractures which are symmetrical by taking a shaft as a center in the direction of the maximum principal stress, and fluid in a reservoir seeps into the fractures from the reservoir and flows into the shaft from the fractures. Stimulation effectiveness depends primarily on the quality of the fracture and the flow conditions of the reservoir fluids. For years, fracturing operation in the conventional low-permeability reservoir transformation process has achieved a relatively ideal effect. However, as the permeability of the reservoir is gradually reduced, the mobility of fluid in the reservoir is gradually reduced, and the post-fracturing effect of the conventional fracturing modification mode cannot meet the production requirement. The reason is mainly shown in that the matrix seepage capability of the reservoir is poor, the same fracture is established with the conventional reservoir, and the productivity of the reservoir is far smaller than that of the conventional low-permeability reservoir as shown in the formula (1).
Wherein K is the formation permeability, D; h is the thickness of the oil layer, m; pRBoundary pressure, Mpa; p iswfBottom hole flowing pressure, Mpa; mu, B is fluid viscosity, crude oil volume coefficient, mPa.s, dimensionless; s. thef: a fissure epidermal factor; r is a radical of hydrogene，xf: radius of leakage, half-length of crack; cfD: dimensionless fracture conductivity, CfD＝KfWf/KXfIn which K isfFor fracture conductivity, WfThe width of the slit is indicated.
Therefore, in recent years, people search for new fracturing methods along two ideas, one is to increase the length of a fracture and drain the oil by increasing the oil drainage area, such as horizontal well multistage staged fracturing, straight inclined well staged fracturing and the like; one is to improve the flow conditions of the reservoir, such as volume fracturing, etc., by forming countless small fractures within the reservoir. Although the former can theoretically improve the productivity of oil and gas wells, the former cannot solve the problem of seepage of reservoirs, so that the oil production speed is low, and the multistage staged fracturing of the horizontal well is expensive. Therefore, the ideal method for solving the bottleneck of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability productivity is to perform volume fracturing aiming at improving the flow condition on the premise of vertical well exploitation. However, an important condition for realizing volume fracturing is that the difference between the horizontal maximum principal stress and the horizontal minimum principal stress is small, but the oil well in China is generally buried deeply, the difference between the horizontal principal stresses is large, and omnibearing three-dimensional reticular fractures are difficult to form, so that the directional branch guide fracturing of the straight inclined well is a transformation measure which is more suitable for the reservoir in China. The mode of horizontal well multistage staged fracturing and volume fracturing can achieve better effect, but the cost problem is still an important factor for restricting wide application.
In conclusion, it is of great importance to develop an economically feasible novel fracturing method for low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize effective and economic exploitation of an ultra-low permeability and low permeability reservoir and aims to provide an economically feasible directional branch guide fracturing method for a straight inclined shaft.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a directional branch guiding fracturing method for a straight inclined well comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing a shaft into a plurality of operation units, wherein each operation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part;
(2) acquiring the magnitude and the direction of a ground stress field of a target reservoir, and respectively carrying out hole fracturing operation on an upper part and a lower part of an operation unit, wherein the azimuth angles of holes formed by the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum main stress;
(3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit until the operation of all the operation units of the target reservoir is completed;
(4) closing the well and discharging liquid.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the directional branch guiding fracturing method for the straight inclined well,
the division of the shaft into a plurality of operation units in the step (1) is based on the injection capability provided by the reservoir ground stress condition, the well structure and the ground equipment.
The directional branch guiding fracturing method for the straight inclined well,
the perforation fracturing operation in the step (2) adopts one of the following methods:
the method comprises the following steps: s1: respectively carrying out perforation operation on the upper part and the lower part of the operation unit by adopting a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode; s2: using a segmented packer to pack the operation units; s3: performing fracturing sand filling and displacement on the lower part of the operation unit; then fracturing, sand filling and plugging are carried out on the upper part of the operation unit; s4: stopping the pump and measuring the pressure; the pump stopping time is longer than the fracture closing time;
the method II comprises the following steps: (i) carrying out perforation operation on the lower part of the operation unit in a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode, and then carrying out fracturing sand filling, replacing and bridge plug packing; (ii) and then, carrying out perforation operation on the upper part of the operation unit in a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode, and then carrying out fracturing sand filling, displacing and bridge plug packing.
The concrete operation of the fracturing sand filling in the first method and the second method is as follows: high-viscous fracturing of a large-displacement main fracture, low-viscous fracturing of a net-shaped fracture, sand adding of the net-shaped fracture and sand adding of the main fracture: the large discharge ensures that the crack extends upwards to the upper part of the operation unit or downwards to the lower part of the operation unit; the viscosity of the high-viscosity liquid is 300-800 mPa; the viscosity of the low-viscosity liquid is 5-10 mpa.s; the particle size of the proppant for adding the sand into the reticular fractures is 40/70 meshes or 30/60 meshes, and the sand ratio is 3-8%; the grain size of the proppant for adding sand into the main fracture is 30/60 meshes or 20/40 meshes, and the sand ratio is 5-50%. The directional branch guiding fracturing method for the straight inclined well,
in the step (2), the azimuth angles of the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress;
the holes on the lower part of the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes and the direction of the minimum principal stress form an included angle of 55-65 degrees, and the direction of the other row of holes and the direction of the minimum principal stress form an included angle of 235-245 degrees; the aperture of each hole is 20-50 mm; the depth of the hole is 60-80 m; the density of the holes is 1-2 holes/m;
the partial holes on the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, wherein the direction of one row of holes and the direction of the minimum main stress form an included angle of 115 degrees and 125 degrees, and the direction of the other row of holes and the direction of the minimum main stress form an included angle of 295 degrees and 305 degrees; the aperture of each hole is 20-50 mm; the depth of the hole is 60-80 m; the density of the holes is 1-2 holes/m.
In the directional branching and guiding fracturing method for the straight inclined shaft, the operation sequence of the operation units in the step (3) is from bottom to top.
The target layer is divided into a number of operating units, the number of operating units being determined by the target layer thickness, permeability, porosity and the ability to provide displacement.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: the size and direction of a ground stress field determine the extending direction of a fracturing crack, the crack extends perpendicular to the direction of the minimum main stress, perforation operation is carried out in the direction forming a certain angle with the minimum horizontal main stress, a row of double-wing perforations forming a plane with an included angle of 180 degrees are finally formed, double-wing cracks forming a certain included angle with the maximum main stress along the direction of the perforation are formed by means of the induction action of the perforations, fracture network fracturing is carried out on the basis, a symmetrical main crack and network crack system is formed, the same principle can also form a symmetrical main crack and network crack system at the same included angle on the other side of the minimum horizontal main stress, the two crack systems are respectively placed at the upper part and the lower part in consideration of mutual interference of the extension of the two main cracks on the same plane, the upper part and the lower part are communicated by using large displacement when the main cracks are created, and finally two intersected main cracks are formed as a main part, countless network fractures are a collateral fracture system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the direction of the main cracks is changed by using the induction effect of the holes, so that the stratum can reach the condition of generating two main cracks, the reticular cracks are pressed out on the basis of the main cracks, the reconstruction volume is greatly improved, and the constraint of horizontal main stress on the direction of the cracks is partially solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a fracture formed by a directional branch-guiding fracturing method for a deviated and straight well according to an embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein 21: the upper part of the operation unit is provided with a hole; 22: an operating unit lower part eyelet; 23: a wellbore; 24: a fracture system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Embodiment 1 oriented branch guide fracturing method for straight inclined well
The method comprises the following steps: the description is made with reference to fig. 1:
(1) dividing a shaft (23 in figure 1) into 2 operation units according to the stratum stress condition, a well structure and the injection capacity provided by surface equipment, wherein each operation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part;
(2) acquiring the magnitude and the direction of a geostress field of a target reservoir, and respectively carrying out hole drilling operation on the upper part and the lower part of the operation unit by adopting radial drilling holes; then, a segmented packer is used for packing the operation units; performing fracturing sand filling and displacement on the lower part of the operation unit; then fracturing, sand filling and plugging are carried out on the upper part of the operation unit; stopping the pump until the fracturing crack is closed and measuring the pressure;
the fracturing sand filling step comprises the following steps: high viscous liquid fracturing of big discharge capacity main crack, netted crack low viscous liquid fracturing, netted crack add sand, main crack add sand: the large discharge capacity is 5.5m3Min ensures that the crack extends upwards to the upper part of the operation unit or ensures that the crack extends downwards to the lower part of the operation unit; the high viscous liquid is glue solution with the viscosity of 300mPa.s (170 s at the reservoir temperature)-1Viscosity greater than 50mpa.s at shear rate for 2 hours); the low mucus is slippery water with the viscosity of 7 mpa.s; what is needed isThe particle size of the proppant for adding the sand into the reticular fracture is 40/70 meshes, and the sand ratio is 5 percent; the particle size of the proppant for adding sand into the main fracture is 20/40 meshes, and the sand ratio is 25%.
Wherein the azimuth angles of the holes formed by the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress; the eyelets (22 in figure 1) on the lower part of the operating unit are two rows of opposite eyelets, the direction of one row of eyelets forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of eyelets forms an included angle of 240 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress; the aperture of the hole is 40 mm; the hole depth of the hole is 70 m; the density of the holes is 1 hole/m; the partial holes on the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes (21 in figure 1), the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 120 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 300 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, so that the hole diameter is 40 mm; the hole depth of the hole is 70 m; the density of the holes is 1 hole/m;
(3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit, and completing the operation of all the operation units of the target reservoir from bottom to top;
(4) closing the well and discharging liquid. As can be seen from fig. 1, after fracturing, a fracture system (shown as 24 in fig. 1) with two intersecting main fractures as main trunks and countless reticular fractures as side branches is finally formed.
Embodiment 2 oriented branch guide fracturing method for straight inclined well
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing a target reservoir into a plurality of 3 operation units according to the stratum stress condition, the well structure and the injection capability provided by ground equipment, wherein each operation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part;
(2) acquiring the magnitude and the direction of a ground stress field of a target reservoir, and respectively carrying out perforation operation on the upper part and the lower part of an operation unit in a sand blasting perforation mode; then, a segmented packer is used for packing the operation units; performing fracturing sand filling and displacement on the lower part of the operation unit; then fracturing, sand filling and plugging are carried out on the upper part of the operation unit; stopping the pump until the fracturing crack is closed and measuring the pressure;
the fracturing sand filling step comprises the following steps: high viscous liquid fracturing of large-displacement main crack, low viscous liquid fracturing of reticular crack and reticular crackAdding sand into the cracks, adding sand into the main cracks: the large discharge capacity is 7m3Min ensures that the crack extends upwards to the upper part of the operation unit or ensures that the crack extends downwards to the lower part of the operation unit; the high viscosity liquid is glue liquid with the viscosity of 300mPa.s (170 s at the reservoir temperature)-1Viscosity greater than 50mpa.s at shear rate for 2 hours under shear); the low mucus is slick water, and the viscosity is 5 mpa.s; the particle size of the proppant for adding sand into the net-shaped fracture is 30/60 meshes, and the sand ratio is 3%; the particle size of the proppant for adding sand into the main fracture is 30/60 meshes, and the sand ratio is 50%.
The azimuth angles of holes formed by the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress; the lower part of the operation unit is provided with two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 55 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 235 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress; the aperture of each eyelet is 20 mm; the depth of the hole is 60 m; the density of the holes is 2 holes/m; the partial holes on the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 125 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 305 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the hole diameter is 20 mm; the depth of the hole is 60 m; the density of the holes is 2 holes/m;
(3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit, and completing the operation of all operation units of the target reservoir from bottom to top;
(4) closing the well and discharging liquid.
Embodiment 3 oriented branch guide fracturing method for straight inclined well
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing a target reservoir into a plurality of 4 operation units according to the stratum stress condition, the well structure and the injection capacity provided by surface equipment, wherein each operation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part;
(2) acquiring the magnitude and the direction of a geostress field of a target reservoir, and respectively carrying out hole drilling operation on the upper part and the lower part of the operation unit by adopting radial drilling holes; then, a segmented packer is used for packing the operation units; performing fracturing sand filling and displacement on the lower part of the operation unit; then fracturing, sand filling and plugging are carried out on the upper part of the operation unit; stopping the pump until the fracturing crack is closed and measuring the pressure;
the fracturing sand filling step comprises the following steps: high viscous liquid fracturing of big discharge capacity main crack, netted crack low viscous liquid fracturing, netted crack add sand, main crack add sand: the large discharge capacity is 5m3Min ensures that the crack extends upwards to the upper part of the operation unit or ensures that the crack extends downwards to the lower part of the operation unit; the high-viscosity liquid is glue solution with the viscosity of 500 mPa.s; the low mucus is slick water with the viscosity of 10 mpa.s; the particle size of the proppant for adding the sand into the reticular fracture is 40/70 meshes, and the sand ratio is 8%; the grain diameter of the proppant for adding sand into the main fracture is 30/60 meshes, and the sand ratio is 5%.
Wherein the azimuth angles of the holes formed by the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress; the lower part of the operation unit is provided with two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 65 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 245 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress; the aperture of each eyelet is 50 mm; the hole depth of the hole is 80 m; the density of the holes is 1 hole/m; the partial holes on the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 115 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 295 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, so that the hole diameter is 50 mm; the hole depth of the hole is 80 m; the density of the holes is 1 hole/m;
(3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit, and completing the operation of all operation units of the target reservoir from bottom to top;
(4) closing the well and discharging liquid.
Embodiment 4 oriented branch guide fracturing method for straight inclined well
The differences from example 1 are: the step (2) is different from the step (2),
the method specifically comprises the following steps: (2) acquiring the size and the direction of a ground stress field of a target reservoir, (i) carrying out perforation operation on the lower part of an operation unit in a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode, and then carrying out fracturing sand filling, replacing and bridge plug packing; (ii) then, carrying out perforation operation on the upper part of the operation unit in a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode, and then carrying out fracturing sand filling, replacing and bridge plug packing;
wherein, the steps of fracturing and sand filling are as follows: high displacement mainHigh-viscous fracturing of fractures, low-viscous fracturing of reticular fractures, sand adding of main fractures: the large discharge capacity is 6m3Min ensures that the crack extends upwards to the upper part of the operation unit or ensures that the crack extends downwards to the lower part of the operation unit; the high mucus is glue solution with the viscosity of 800 mPa.s; the low mucus is slick water, and the viscosity is 7 mpa.s; the particle size of the proppant for adding the sand into the reticular fracture is 40/70 meshes, and the sand ratio is 5%; the grain diameter of the proppant for adding sand into the main fracture is 20/40 meshes, and the sand ratio is 25%.
Wherein the azimuth angles of the holes formed by the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress; the holes on the lower part of the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 240 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress; the aperture of each hole is 40 mm; the hole depth of the hole is 70 m; the density of the holes is 1 hole/m; the partial holes on the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes forms an included angle of 120 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the direction of the other row of holes forms an included angle of 300 degrees with the direction of the minimum principal stress, and the hole diameter is 40 mm; the hole depth of the hole is 70 m; the density of the holes is 1 hole/m;
(3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit, and completing the operation of all operation units of the target reservoir from bottom to top;
(4) closing the well and discharging liquid.
Claims (1)
1. A directional branch guiding fracturing method for a straight inclined well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dividing a shaft into a plurality of operation units, wherein each operation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part;
(2) acquiring the magnitude and the direction of a ground stress field of a target reservoir, and respectively carrying out hole fracturing operation on an upper part and a lower part of an operation unit, wherein the azimuth angles of holes formed by the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum main stress;
(3) repeating the step (2) to operate each operation unit until the operation of all operation units of the target reservoir is completed;
(4) closing the well and discharging liquid;
the division of the shaft into a plurality of operation units in the step (1) is based on the injection capacity provided by the reservoir stratum ground stress condition, the well body structure and the ground equipment;
the perforation fracturing operation in the step (2) adopts one of the following methods:
the method comprises the following steps: s1: respectively carrying out perforation operation on the upper part and the lower part of the operation unit by adopting a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode; s2: using a segmented packer to pack the operation units; s3: performing fracturing sand filling and displacement on the lower part of the operation unit; then fracturing, sand filling and plugging are carried out on the upper part of the operation unit; s4: stopping the pump and measuring the pressure; the pump stopping time is longer than the fracture closing time;
the method II comprises the following specific steps: (i) carrying out perforation operation on the lower part of the operation unit in a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode, and then carrying out fracturing sand filling, replacing and bridge plug packing; (ii) then, carrying out perforation operation on the upper part of the operation unit in a radial drilling or sand blasting perforation mode, and then carrying out fracturing sand filling, replacing and bridge plug packing;
the concrete operation of the fracturing sand filling in the first method and the second method is as follows: high viscous liquid fracturing of big discharge capacity main crack, netted crack low viscous liquid fracturing, netted crack add sand, main crack add sand: the large discharge ensures that the crack extends upwards to the upper part of the operation unit or ensures that the crack extends downwards to the lower part of the operation unit; the viscosity of the high-viscosity liquid is 300-800 mPa; the viscosity of the low-viscosity liquid is 5-10 mpa.s; the particle size of the proppant for adding sand into the net-shaped fracture is 40/70 meshes or 30/60 meshes, and the sand ratio is 3-8%; the grain size of the proppant for adding sand into the main fracture is 30/60 meshes or 20/40 meshes, and the sand ratio is 5-50%;
the azimuth angles of the upper part of the operation unit and the lower part of the operation unit in the step (2) are symmetrical along the direction of the minimum principal stress;
the holes on the lower part of the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes and the direction of the minimum principal stress form an included angle of 55-65 degrees, and the direction of the other row of holes and the direction of the minimum principal stress form an included angle of 235-245 degrees; the aperture of each hole is 20-50 mm; the depth of the hole is 60-80 m; the density of the holes is 1-2 holes/m;
the partial holes on the operation unit are two rows of opposite holes, the direction of one row of holes and the direction of the minimum main stress form an included angle of 115-125 degrees, and the direction of the other row of holes and the direction of the minimum main stress form an included angle of 295-305 degrees; the aperture of each hole is 20-50 mm; the depth of the hole is 60-80 m; the density of the holes is 1-2 holes/m.
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