CN106545324A - A kind of method for pressing off the multiple horizontal bedding seams of shale gas - Google Patents
A kind of method for pressing off the multiple horizontal bedding seams of shale gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN106545324A CN106545324A CN201510601287.8A CN201510601287A CN106545324A CN 106545324 A CN106545324 A CN 106545324A CN 201510601287 A CN201510601287 A CN 201510601287A CN 106545324 A CN106545324 A CN 106545324A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for pressing off the multiple horizontal bedding seams of shale gas, including：Low-kappa number is carried out to purpose rammell, to reduce rammell fracture pressure；First stage frac treatment is carried out to the purpose rammell after low-kappa number, to the extension speed for slowing down rammell crack；Second stage frac treatment is carried out to the purpose rammell Jing after first stage frac treatment, it is long to the seam for increasing rammell crack；It is supported agent filling to support to the purpose rammell Jing after second stage frac treatment, to the complex fracture for maintaining pressure break to be formed.The present invention can increase the controlling extent in rammell crack, and increase transformation volume improves effect after pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shale gas fractured horizontal well technical field, specifically, is related to a kind of for pressing off shale
The method of the multiple horizontal bedding seams of gas.
Background technology
In the FRACTURING DESIGN of shale gas and construction, realize that network fracture or volume crack are final pursuit mesh
Mark.At present, the method for improving crack transformation volume both at home and abroad includes many shower holes, (solid is temporarily blocked up broadband pressure break
At agent and fiber mixing closure pit shaft borehole and enter well slit band), massive hydraulic fracturing, in seam once and repeatedly steering
Pressure break (opens diverting agent etc. in intrinsic fracture or seam using man-made fracture net pressure).But, existing raising is split
Present in the method for seam transformation volume, subject matter includes following several aspects.
First, the shale fracturing fracture that the method for existing raising crack transformation volume is produced is height-limited.This be by
In shale gas horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam is general relative develops, break through to certain height on man-made fracture is vertical
After degree, just the layer reason seam and/or texture seam along level extends, it is difficult to continue to break through more layers reason seams up and down and
/ or texture seam.In the crack extension physical simulation experiment that substantial amounts of shale appears rock sample and synthetic core sample, also demonstrate,prove
Neighbouring layer reason seam is only broken through in real crack and/or the phenomenon of texture seam is commonplace.External Crack Monitoring
As a result also confirm that the fracture height of shale typically in 20m or so.This to domestic shale thickness 80-90m, even if
For being relatively good high-quality shale thickness 38m, stitch high restriction and greatly constrain crack transformation volume maximization
The realization of target, also governs the abundant excavation of shale gas potentiality after pressure.
Secondly, horizontal bedding/texture seam extension quantity that the method for existing raising crack transformation volume is produced extremely has
Limit.In physical simulation experiment, the layer reason seam and/or texture for being often sees only a level sews extension communication,
Terminate after extending to rock sample border.In fact, early crack rupture extend in, due to pressure it is of a relatively high,
Stitch high extension speed fast, now crack mainly extends in the height direction.Even if running into first horizontal bedding seam
And/or texture seam, due to stitching narrow and being filled with or half filling, so the liquid in major fracture is difficult to into wherein.
After vertical seam height extends to certain altitude, in main seam, pressure is gradually lowered, it is difficult to continue to prolong on vertical
Stretch, horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam now then play a part of to hinder seam height to extend, as multilayered barrier,
The continuation for hindering vertical seam high extends.At this moment, liquid will be in extending level layer at the tip of crack upper and lower
Reason seam and/or texture seam.In other words, only when the high extension of seam is powerless, the layer reason seam and/or texture seam of level
Just have an opportunity to extend.
Current volume crack or network fracture note the vertical extension of main seam and the vertical extension of a seam mostly, and
The layer reason seam of horizontal direction and/or texture seam extension pay attention to inadequate, also do not take any measures to extend more
Horizontal bedding is stitched and/or texture seam.Therefore, existing volume crack is insufficient, and also many potentiality can be dug.
If by horizontal bedding stitch and/or texture seam in great majority obtain extending extension, then the volume of fracturing reform and latent
Power can be improved significantly.
The content of the invention
To solve problem above, the invention provides a kind of side for pressing off the multiple horizontal bedding seams of shale gas
Method, to the controlling extent for increasing crack, increase transformation volume, improves effect after pressure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, there is provided a kind of side for pressing off the multiple horizontal bedding seams of shale gas
Method, including：
Low-kappa number is carried out to purpose rammell, to reduce rammell fracture pressure；
First stage frac treatment is carried out to the purpose rammell after low-kappa number, to slow down rammell crack
Extension speed；
Second stage frac treatment is carried out to the purpose rammell after the first stage frac treatment described in, to increase
Plus the seam in rammell crack is long；
It is supported agent filling to support to the purpose rammell after the second stage frac treatment described in, to maintain
The complex fracture that pressure break is formed.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the first stage frac treatment and the second stage frac treatment
Using hydraulic fracturing mode, fracturing fluid adopts slippery water.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the first stage frac treatment is included using small displacement, extremely low glutinous
The slippery water of degree carries out frac treatment, until the dummy joint length of the horizontal bedding seam for being formed reaches predetermined value.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the second stage frac treatment is included in the first stage pressure break
After the dummy joint length of the horizontal bedding seam that process is formed reaches predetermined value, using gradually incremental slippery water discharge capacity and viscosity
Mode carries out frac treatment, until the slippery water liquid measure for adding reaches predetermined liquid measure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, it is supported when agent filling is supported using small particle proppant.
According to one embodiment of present invention, using the acid matched with shale lithology and mineral feature when carrying out low-kappa number
Formula.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the dummy joint length that the predetermined liquid measure of slippery water is stitched based on horizontal bedding it is pre-
Fixed value calculation.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the second stage frac treatment is further included：When the cunning for adding
When slipping aqueous amount and reaching predetermined liquid measure, the net pressure in main seam can not reach goal pressure requirement, then by water
The predetermined value amplification of the dummy joint length of flat bed reason seam is redesigning predetermined liquid measure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the predetermined liquid measure after redesign is long by dummy joint that horizontal bedding is stitched
Predetermined value amplification 20-30m after be calculated.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the dummy joint length after the dummy joint length and amplification of horizontal bedding seam is less than phase
The 50% of adjacent bed certain distance.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention extends multiple horizontal bedding cracks, realizes horizontal bedding fracture extension by Optimizing construction parameter
The intersection volume fracture pattern extended with major fracture, increases the controlling extent in crack, and increase transformation volume is improved
Effect after pressure.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, also, partly from description
In become apparent, or by implement the present invention and understand.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can pass through
In description, claims and accompanying drawing, specifically noted structure is realizing and obtain.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment
Or the accompanying drawing wanted needed for description of the prior art does simple introduction：
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention below with reference to drawings and Examples in detail, whereby to the present invention how
Application technology means solving technical problem, and reach technique effect realize that process can fully understand and real according to this
Apply.As long as it should be noted that do not constitute conflict, in each embodiment and each embodiment in the present invention
Each feature can be combined with each other, and the technical scheme for being formed is within protection scope of the present invention.
At present, volume crack or network fracture pay close attention to the vertical extension of main seam and the vertical extension of a seam mostly, and
The layer reason seam of horizontal direction and/or texture seam extension pay attention to inadequate, also do not take any measures to extend more
Horizontal bedding is stitched and/or texture seam.Therefore, above-mentioned volume crack or network fracture are insufficient, are also permitted
Many potentiality can be dug.If obtaining extending extension by the great majority in horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam, then pressure break changes
The volume made and potentiality can be improved significantly.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of method for pressing off shale gas multiple horizontal beddings seam, by optimization
Construction parameter, extends multiple horizontal bedding cracks, realizes the intersection that horizontal bedding fracture extension and major fracture extend
Volume fracture pattern, increases the controlling extent in crack, and increase transformation volume improves effect after pressure.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
It is shown as according to one embodiment of present invention, below with reference to Fig. 1, the present invention is described in detail.
First, in step s 110, low-kappa number is carried out to purpose rammell, to reduce rammell rupture
Pressure.Low-kappa number herein carrying out matrix acidifying to purpose rammell, release nearly well plugging, recovery and
Improve in-place permeability.Conventional sour formula includes hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, Fluohydric acid. etc. at present.At this
In bright, using the sour formula matched with shale lithology and mineral feature, the acid solution for so producing is reacted with shale,
The fracture pressure of shale can greatly be reduced, it is to avoid because hypertonia causes high quick extension of seam during fracture initiation
First horizontal bedding seam for running into and/or texture seam are bypassed.
Next, in the step s 120, the purpose rammell after low-kappa number is carried out at first stage pressure break
Reason, to the extension speed for slowing down rammell crack.
First stage frac treatment and second stage frac treatment in the present invention adopts hydraulic fracturing mode, pressure
Split liquid and adopt slippery water.Slippery water is typically made up of friction reducer, antibacterial, clay stabilizer and cleanup additive etc.,
Friction pressure can be reduced 70-80% compared with clear water, while with stronger anti-swollen performance, its viscosity is very low,
Typically in below 10mPa.s.
The starting discharge capacity of conventional pressure break is typically in 5m3/ more than min, in the present invention, slippery water starting discharge capacity sets
Meter it is less, it is slower to the buildup of pressure speed allowed at pit shaft, to allow extension speed more slowly, make pressure
Split liquid to have an opportunity in the first horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam for running into and extended.
The starting discharge capacity of slippery water need to be configured according to specific rammell characteristic and construction requirement.In the present invention
One embodiment in, for rammell, the starting discharge capacity of slippery water is designed as into 1-1.5m3/ min, the starting
Discharge capacity can cause fracturing fluid to have an opportunity in the first horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam for running into and carry out
Extend.
Meanwhile, it is to reduce the resistance that fracturing fluid enters crack, the slippery water that viscosity need to be adopted extremely low.Using viscosity
Extremely low slippery water carries out volume rupture and incipient crack coordinates small displacement with extending so that fracturing fluid have an opportunity into
Enter first horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam.In one embodiment of the invention, the viscosity that slippery water is adopted
For 1-2mPa.s.
In step s 130, second stage pressure break is carried out to the purpose rammell Jing after first stage frac treatment
Process, it is long to the seam for increasing rammell crack.
After the first stage frac treatment that a period of time is carried out to purpose rammell, at second stage pressure break
Reason process.Herein, it is pre- one to be reached with the horizontal dummy joint length (radius) for detecting the generation of first stage frac treatment
During definite value, into second stage frac treatment.Predetermined value herein is relevant with the shale formation of storage shale gas reservoir,
Can by rammell is explored and experience estimation obtain.
For example, generally the horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam of shale formation reality is obtained by geological exploration techniques
Dummy joint is long.The value is generally less than preset value set in advance, and usual default settings are 100 meters.Then to this
Rammell carries out first stage frac treatment, when detecting the level that the horizontal bedding seam that frac treatment obtains is obtained
When the dummy joint length of layer reason seam and/or texture seam reaches 100 meters of the predetermined value, into second stage frac treatment mistake
Journey.
In this step, second stage frac treatment is carried out by the way of slippery water discharge capacity and viscosity is gradually incremented by
Frac treatment.As first horizontal bedding seam and/or texture seam seam are wide narrower, it is relatively large to enter to stitch resistance, when
When horizontal dummy joint length (or radius) is detected up to predetermined value, use gradually incremental discharge capacity and viscosity instead, by main seam
Interior net pressure is incremented by step by step.The foundation of slippery water discharge capacity amplification and viscosity amplification be crack net pressure mainly with row
Amount and viscosity are relevant, and slippery water discharge capacity increases, and crack net pressure can increase, and slippery water viscosity increases, and crack is net
Pressure can also increase, can adopt at present ripe business simulation softward Meyer simulation net pressures and discharge capacity, viscosity,
The relation of liquid measure etc..For example, in shale gas reservoir, in second stage frac treatment, slippery water discharge capacity amplification can
For 1.5-2.0m3/ min, viscosity amplification are 1.5-2mPa.s, the net pressure in main seam can be incremented to 1MPa step by step
More than.After slippery water viscosity and discharge capacity increase step by step, the seam efficiency of making of slippery water is lifted, it is possible to achieve more
Long dummy joint length or radius.
In second stage frac treatment, slippery water discharge capacity amplification and viscosity amplification infinitely can not increase, and add page
The slippery water liquid measure of rock stratum infinitely can not increase.The discharge capacity and viscosity of slippery water respectively has corresponding limit value,
The discharge capacity of general slippery water is 12-14m3, the viscosity of slippery water is less than 10mPa.s.Such as in the slippery water for adding
When total liquid measure is not up to predetermined liquid measure, the respective value after the discharge capacity amplification and viscosity amplification of slippery water has arrived at respectively
From limit value, then the discharge capacity and viscosity of slippery water add by each self-corresponding limit value.Such as in the cunning for adding
When slipping total liquid measure of water and reaching predetermined liquid measure, the discharge capacity and viscosity of slippery water are not up to corresponding limit value, then press
The discharge capacity amplification and viscosity amplification of setting continues to increase.Herein with the predetermined value of above-mentioned horizontal dummy joint length (radius)
On the basis of, the predetermined liquid measure needed for being simulated under the predetermined value using software Meyer.
When the slippery water liquid measure for adding reaches predetermined liquid measure, the net pressure in main seam may not reach target pressure
Power requirement, can be inaccurate relevant with the advance long predetermined value of dummy joint.Now, software Meyer can be adopted, is increased
Redesigning predetermined liquid measure, the net pressure in main seam reaches target pressure value for horizontal dummy joint length or radius.
Generally, be 20-30m as design principle with the amplification of horizontal dummy joint length or radius, that is, the smooth aqueous after increasing
Amount can not make the dummy joint length of horizontal bedding seam more than 20-30m.But, the horizontal bedding seam after final amplification
Dummy joint length or radius prevent long horizontal bedding from stitching long impact to be advisable less than the 50% of adjacent layer certain distance
The pressure break yield of adjacent interval.
Next, in step S140, being supported to the purpose rammell Jing after second stage frac treatment
Agent filling is supported, to the complex fracture for maintaining pressure break to be formed.
In this step, different for vertical lap seam from conventional shale gas FRACTURING DESIGN, horizontal bedding is stitched gradually
Extend, it is also desirable to which proppant pack is supported, to maintain longer flow conductivity and stable production period.Due to horizontal bedding
Seam hands over main seam internal diameter little, for the sake of assurance, it is contemplated that compared with the proppant of small particle, sand is less than what is may also set up.
For example, it is contemplated that than the proppant of 140 mesh (i.e. 140 hole counts of per inch) smaller particle, sand ratio also can be low
A little such as 2-3% or so.The sand ratio of each horizontal bedding seam/texture seam may be configured as substantially suitable.So, always have
A part of small particle proppant can be stayed in vertical lap seam, cause the blocking to vertical lap seam flow conductivity.But because of particle diameter
Little, major part flows out well head during fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) after pressure.
Analyze from more than, the present invention can open multiple layers of reason, extended layer reason seam and major fracture, formed and handed over
The chicken-wire cracking of fork, larger improve transformation volume, improve effect.Other specification and construction in the present invention
Step, it is unrelated with the content of the invention of the present invention, with reference to the general flow of shale gas pressure break.
The practicality of the present invention is illustrated below by way of a specific example.The present invention is in A wells and B
Use when the Longma small stream group of well and five peak group pressure breaks, carried out after pretreatment, using 1.5m using Fluohydric acid.3/min
Discharge capacity, 2mPa.s slippery water carry out first stage frac treatment.The slippery water about enters 200m3Afterwards, progressively
Discharge capacity is put forward to 4m3/min、8m3/min、12m3/ min, pumps into slippery water liquid measure 360m3.Low sand is added afterwards
Than powder pottery filling bed reason seam, slug enters stratum.Sand ratio polishing nearly wellbore pressure of the later stage using 4%-5%, with
Sand in a part being added afterwards, stratum being quickly entered using high viscose, seam height increases sharply, and high sand ratio is entered and propped up
Support major fracture, ultimately forms network fracture of the layer reason seam with major fracture staggeredly.After two mouthfuls of well pressures, effect preferably, is carried
Gas production after high pressure so that individual well test yield surpasses 300,000 sides/day.
While it is disclosed that embodiment as above, but described content only to facilitate understand the present invention
And the embodiment for adopting, it is not limited to the present invention.Technology people in any the technical field of the invention
Member, on the premise of without departing from spirit and scope disclosed in this invention, can be in the formal and details implemented
On make any modification and change, but the scope of patent protection of the present invention still must be with appending claims institute
The scope for defining is defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for pressing off the method that the multiple horizontal beddings of shale gas are stitched, including：
Low-kappa number is carried out to purpose rammell, to reduce rammell fracture pressure；
First stage frac treatment is carried out to the purpose rammell after low-kappa number, to slow down rammell crack
Extension speed；
Second stage frac treatment is carried out to the purpose rammell after the first stage frac treatment described in, to increase
Plus the seam in rammell crack is long；
It is supported agent filling to support to the purpose rammell after the second stage frac treatment described in, to maintain
The complex fracture that pressure break is formed.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first stage frac treatment and institute
Second stage frac treatment is stated using hydraulic fracturing mode, fracturing fluid adopts slippery water.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the first stage frac treatment includes
Frac treatment is carried out using the slippery water of small displacement, extremely low viscosity, until the dummy joint of the horizontal bedding seam for being formed is long
Reach predetermined value.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the second stage frac treatment includes
After the dummy joint length of the horizontal bedding seam that the first stage frac treatment is formed reaches predetermined value, adopt and gradually pass
Increasing slippery water discharge capacity and viscosity mode carries out frac treatment, until the slippery water liquid measure for adding reaches predetermined liquid measure.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that be supported when agent filling is supported and adopt
Small particle proppant.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that carry out adopting and shale during low-kappa number
The sour formula that lithology and mineral feature matches.
7. the method according to any one of claim 4-6, it is characterised in that the predetermined liquid measure of slippery water
The predetermined value of the dummy joint length stitched based on horizontal bedding is calculated.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the second stage frac treatment enters
Step includes：When the slippery water liquid measure for adding reaches predetermined liquid measure, the net pressure in main seam can not reach target pressure
Power is required, then by the predetermined value amplification of the dummy joint length stitched to horizontal bedding redesigning predetermined liquid measure.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the predetermined liquid measure after redesign passes through
It is calculated after predetermined value amplification 20-30m of the dummy joint length of horizontal bedding seam.
10. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the dummy joint length and amplification of horizontal bedding seam
Dummy joint length afterwards less than adjacent layer certain distance 50%.
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| CN108952655A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of normal pressure shale gas sieve tube completion water-jet volume fracturing method |
| CN109267988A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-01-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of shale gas pressure break middle section plug sand adding method |
| CN109424347A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of normal pressure deep layer shale gas volume fracturing method |
| CN109519159A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of shale gas fracturing process using magnetic slippery water |
| CN109763805A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of spiral fracture with changeable parameter method of deep layer shale gas |
| CN110886599A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Non-fracturing event identification method and system based on fracture speed |
| CN111911128A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High-tectonic stress normal-pressure shale gas-reservoir fracturing method |
| CN112253071A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Design method for pretreatment, blockage removal and capacity increase fracturing of compact sandstone reservoir |
| CN113216923A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-06 | 西南石油大学 | Shale gas fracturing crack-making and sand-adding alternating process for improving supporting effect of crack net |
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| CN109267988B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-08-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Middle plug type sand adding method for shale gas fracturing |
| CN109424347A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of normal pressure deep layer shale gas volume fracturing method |
| CN109424347B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Atmospheric deep shale gas accumulation fracturing method |
| CN109519159A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of shale gas fracturing process using magnetic slippery water |
| CN109763805A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of spiral fracture with changeable parameter method of deep layer shale gas |
| CN110886599A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Non-fracturing event identification method and system based on fracture speed |
| CN111911128A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High-tectonic stress normal-pressure shale gas-reservoir fracturing method |
| CN112253071A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Design method for pretreatment, blockage removal and capacity increase fracturing of compact sandstone reservoir |
| CN113216923A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-06 | 西南石油大学 | Shale gas fracturing crack-making and sand-adding alternating process for improving supporting effect of crack net |
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Application publication date: 20170329 |