CN106761644A - The processing method that control pressure rises extremely in a kind of shale fracturing process - Google Patents
The processing method that control pressure rises extremely in a kind of shale fracturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106761644A CN106761644A CN201611226432.XA CN201611226432A CN106761644A CN 106761644 A CN106761644 A CN 106761644A CN 201611226432 A CN201611226432 A CN 201611226432A CN 106761644 A CN106761644 A CN 106761644A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the processing method that control pressure in a kind of shale fracturing process rises extremely, it comprises the following steps：The pressure break middle and later periods：When abnormal rising occurs in pressure break, constructed than method using critical sand, specially：1. critical sand ratio is determined：Plus slope climbing more than 1/2 occurs in pressure during sand, determine that critical sand is that now sand ratio subtracts 2%~5% than scope, and stop immediately plus sand, continue to inject fracturing fluid, injection rate is the fracturing fluid of 1 1.5 times of hole volume, stops sand and does not stop liquid；2. pressure anomaly rising treatment：After completing 1 1.5 times of hole volume fracturing fluid injection, to add fracturing sand again as starting point no more than critical sand ratio, the sand ratio in fracturing sand is stepped up, until complete design sand feeding amount.Critical sand of the invention can reduce sand bank build-up speed than method, effectively control the zooming situation of operation pressure, with it is easy to operate, do not change existing fracturing technology, pressing crack construction quality can be improved, the advantage of correctional effect is ensured.
Description
Technical field
Rise extremely the present invention relates to control pressure in a kind of frac treatment method, more particularly to a kind of shale fracturing process
Processing method.
Background technology
It refers to that under the conditions of discharge capacity is basic smoothly, operation pressure occurs being higher than positive ordinary wave that shale frac pressure rises extremely
The step of dynamic scope rises, under normal circumstances the middle and later periods for coming across construction more.The ultralow poroperm characteristics of shale reservoir, determine
Fracturing reform will obtain high yield industrial gas, it is necessary to form the complicated seam net different from conventional reservoir, while shale intrinsic fracture,
Layer haircut is educated, and causes that leak-off is big, fluid efficiency is low, and low-viscosity (mobile) liquid is used pressing crack construction more, and solid-carrying performance is poor, and fracturing sand is migrated
During free settling, factors above makes shale fracturing technology very risky, easily occurs caused by pressure anomaly rises plus sand is difficult
Or even sand plug, it is impossible to transformation purpose is reached, so as to influence final correctional effect.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the not enough one kind that provides existed for above-mentioned prior art can be improved
Shale pressing crack construction quality, it is ensured that the processing method that control pressure rises extremely in the shale fracturing process of correctional effect.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：The treatment side that control pressure rises extremely in a kind of shale fracturing process
Method, it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
S1, early stage pressure break：Designed according to pressing crack construction, prepad fluid is injected by stratum by fracturing unit, continued according to setting
Fracturing fluid band fracturing sand is injected stratum by metering together；
S2, pressure break middle and later periods：When appearance of abnormal pressure rises, constructed than method using critical sand, specially：
1. critical sand ratio is determined：Plus there is slope climbing more than 1/2 in pressure during sand, determines that critical sand is than scope
Now sand ratio subtracts 2%~5%, and stops immediately plus sand, continues to inject fracturing fluid, and injection rate is 1-1.5 times of hole volume
Fracturing fluid, stop sand and do not stop liquid；
2. pressure anomaly rising treatment：After completing 1-1.5 times of hole volume fracturing fluid injection, with no more than critical sand ratio
For starting point adds fracturing sand again, the sand ratio in fracturing sand is stepped up, until complete design sand feeding amount.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, according to critical sand pressure still can not be made steadily to get off than method, then using drop filter method step
Suddenly, specially：
1. appearance of abnormal pressure ascent stage,：Plus appearance of abnormal pressure rises during sand, stop immediately plus sand, continue
Injection fracturing fluid, injection rate is 1-1.5 times of hole volume, stops sand and does not stop liquid；
2. pressure anomaly rises processing stage：After completing 1-1.5 times of hole volume fracturing fluid injection, continue to use fracturing fluid
Carry in 70/140 mesh small particle fracturing sand injection stratum, now the injection rate of small particle fracturing sand is equal to or less than and pressure occurs
The consumption of fracturing sand when abnormal, after completing this section plus sand, continues the fracturing fluid of the hole volume of 1-1.5 times of injection, observes pressure
Change；
3. pressure observes the stage：
If pressure declines, stop adding small particle fracturing sand, add fracturing sand according to original design sand ratio, and gradually carry
High sand ratio, until complete design sand feeding amount；
If pressure does not drop or persistently rises, above-mentioned drop filter method step step is repeated 2. 1-3 times, until under pressure occurs
Drop, according still further to original design plus sand program, continues to construct.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, according to critical sand pressure still can not be made steadily to get off than method and drop filter method, then used
Bottom pressure control methods, specially：
1. appearance of abnormal pressure rises processing stage：Plus appearance of abnormal pressure rises during sand, and discharge capacity is reduced at once, drop
Width is 0.5-2m3/min；
2. pressure observes the stage：
If pressure becomes steady, can continue according to original design plus sand, or the appropriate sand ratio that reduces adds the sand, sand ratio can be down to critical sand ratio
Hereinafter, until completing plus sand；
If pressure continues to raise or fluctuating range is larger, can continue to reduce discharge capacity, 0.4~0.6m of each discharge capacity range of decrease3/
Min, until pressure is steady or declines, then proceedes to be designed according to original plus sand, or the appropriate sand ratio that reduces adds sand, until completing to add
Sand.
Having the beneficial effect that acquired by the present invention：
1st, critical sand of the invention can reduce sand bank build-up speed than method, and effectively control operation pressure rapid increase (or makes
Operation pressure tends to be steady even slow decline) situation；When using critical sand operation pressure can not be reduced than method, reattempt
Drop filter method, drop filter method can realize fast and efficiently drop filter and block to secondary Fracture System, so as to increase master in a short time split
The fluid flow of seam system, dynamically seam is wide for load fluid flowing velocity, increase major fracture in increase major fracture, makes fracturing sand in crack
In migration it is more smoothly, so as to reduce operation pressure, realize being smoothed out for follow-up plus sand；When the critical sand of use is than method and drop
When filter method can not all reduce operation pressure, bottom pressure control methods are reattempted, bottom pressure control methods take the side for reducing discharge capacity
Formula, increases nearly well band fracture width, is conducive to releasing " bridge blinding " that fracturing sand is formed in nearly well is with crack, plays dredging artificial
Crack, the effect for increasing load fluid area of passage, so as to reduce operation pressure, reach the control that rises extremely to operation pressure and
The purpose for the treatment of.
2nd, the present invention as it is a kind of suitable for field condition, technical method that is simple and easy to apply, not changing existing construction technology,
Sudden, the regular pressure anomaly for occurring raises problem in can effectively solve the problem that shale pressing crack construction, can effectively reduce simultaneously
Stabilization operation pressure, it is ensured that follow-up to add being smoothed out for sand, to improving technique coincidence rate and final measure effect, with important meaning
Justice.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the hydraulic fracture operating curve figure using critical sand than certain well section that method is implemented in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the hydraulic fracture operating curve figure using certain well section for dropping the implementation of filter method in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the hydraulic fracture operating curve figure using bottom pressure control method in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of processing method of control pressure rising extremely in shale fracturing process is present embodiments provided, it includes as follows
Step：
S1, early stage pressure break (as conventional fracturing process)：Designed according to pressing crack construction, by fracturing unit by prepad fluid
Injection stratum, continues that fracturing fluid band fracturing sand is injected into stratum together according to design flow；
S2, pressure break middle and later periods：When appearance of abnormal pressure rises, constructed than method using critical sand, as shown in figure 1,
Specially：
1. critical sand ratio is determined：Plus there is slope climbing more than 1/2 in pressure during sand, determines that critical sand is than scope
Now sand ratio subtracts 2%~5%, and stops immediately plus sand, continues to inject fracturing fluid, and injection rate is 1-1.5 times of hole volume
Fracturing fluid, stop sand and do not stop liquid, it is therefore an objective to by early stage add sand replace enter stratum,；
2. pressure anomaly rising treatment：After completing 1-1.5 times of hole volume fracturing fluid injection, with no more than critical sand ratio
For starting point adds fracturing sand again, the sand ratio in fracturing sand is stepped up, until complete design sand feeding amount, certain block well the 3rd
Section hydraulic fracture operating curve is as described in Figure 1.
S3, replacement stage：After being added Deng fracturing sand, add displacement fluid to prevent fracturing sand from settling, add the amount of displacement fluid
Completed according to design flow, be then shut off fracturing unit, so far construction terminates.
If in step 2, using critical sand pressure still can not be made steadily to get off than method, it tries using drop filter method step,
As shown in Fig. 2 being specially：
1. appearance of abnormal pressure ascent stage,：Plus appearance of abnormal pressure rises during sand, stop immediately plus sand, continue
Injection fracturing fluid, injection rate is 1-1.5 times of hole volume, stops sand and does not stop liquid；
2. pressure anomaly rises processing stage：After completing 1-1.5 times of hole volume fracturing fluid injection, continue to use fracturing fluid
Carry in 70/140 mesh small particle fracturing sand injection stratum, now the injection rate of small particle fracturing sand is equal to or less than and pressure occurs
The consumption of fracturing sand (fracturing sand of generally 40/70 or 30/50 mesh) when abnormal, after completing this section plus sand, continues to inject 1-1.5
The fracturing fluid of hole volume again, observes pressure change；
3. pressure observes the stage：
If pressure declines, stop adding small particle fracturing sand, according to original design sand ratio add fracturing sand (40/70 or
The fracturing sand of 30/50 mesh), and sand ratio is gradually stepped up, until complete design sand feeding amount；
If pressure does not drop or persistently rises, above-mentioned drop filter method step step is repeated 2. 1-3 times, until under pressure occurs
Drop, according still further to original design plus sand program, continues to construct, as shown in Figure 2.
According to critical sand pressure still can not be made steadily to get off than method and drop filter method, then using bottom pressure control methods
(as shown in Figure 3), the foundation of bottom pressure control method is：According to PKN models, maximum seam computing formula wide is as follows：
Wherein：W (x) is wide for seam, m；ν is Poisson's ratio, zero dimension；H is high for seam, m；Δ p is seam inside and outside differential pressure, equal to pf-
S, pfIt is pressure in seam, S is closure stress, MPa；G is modulus of shearing, Pa.
Bottom-hole pressure formula is as follows：
pbh=Pp+PH-Ptubing
Ptubing=δ × 1.385 × 106D-4.8Q1.8L
Wherein：pbhIt is bottom pressure, MPa；PpFor ground is pumped, MPa；PHIt is net head of liquid, with construction well vertical depth phase
Close, constant in work progress, MPa；PtubingIt is tubing string friction drag, MPa；δ is drop resistance ratio, liquid related to liquid properties
Constant, then δ is constant；D is tubing string diameter, mm；Q is discharge capacity, m3/min；L is tubing string length, m.
Assuming that nearly well interior pressure with seam is approximately equal to bottom pressure, then have：
Occur pressure anomaly rising in construction, discharge capacity Q is reduced rapidly, now tubing string friction drag PtubingReduce, if ground
Pump pressure PpRemain unchanged or raise, then bottom pressure pbhRaise.According to above-mentioned formula, nearly well band fracture width Wnear-wellboreMeeting
Increase, be conducive to releasing " bridge blinding " that fracturing sand is formed in nearly well is with crack, play dredging man-made fracture, increase load fluid mistake
The effect of flow area, so as to reduce operation pressure, reaches the purpose of the control and treatment risen extremely to operation pressure.
Above-mentioned bottom pressure control method be specially：
1. appearance of abnormal pressure rises processing stage：Plus appearance of abnormal pressure rises during sand, and discharge capacity is reduced at once, drop
Width is 0.5-2m3/min；
2. pressure observes the stage：
If pressure becomes steady, can continue according to original design plus sand, or the appropriate sand ratio that reduces adds the sand, sand ratio can be down to critical sand ratio
Hereinafter, until completing plus sand；
If pressure continues to raise or fluctuating range is larger, can continue to reduce discharge capacity, each discharge capacity range of decrease 0.5m3/ min, directly
It is steady to pressure or decline, then proceed to according to original design plus sand, or the appropriate sand ratio that reduces adds sand, until completing plus sand.Such as Fig. 3
It is shown.
Claims (3)
1. the processing method that control pressure rises extremely in a kind of shale fracturing process, it is characterised in that：It comprises the following steps：
S1, early stage pressure break：Designed according to pressing crack construction, prepad fluid is injected by stratum by fracturing unit, continued according to design flow
Fracturing fluid band fracturing sand is injected into stratum together；
S2, pressure break middle and later periods：When appearance of abnormal pressure rises, constructed than method using critical sand, specially：
1. critical sand ratio is determined：Plus slope climbing more than 1/2 occurs in pressure during sand, determine critical sand than scope for now
Sand ratio subtracts 2%~5%, and stops immediately plus sand, continues to inject fracturing fluid, and injection rate is the pressure of 1-1.5 times of hole volume
Liquid is split, is stopped sand and is not stopped liquid；
2. pressure anomaly rising treatment：Complete 1-1.5 times hole volume fracturing fluid injection after, with no more than critical sand ratio as
Point adds fracturing sand again, the sand ratio in fracturing sand is stepped up, until complete design sand feeding amount.
2. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Than method pressure can not still put down according to critical sand
Surely get off, then using drop filter method step, specially：
1. appearance of abnormal pressure ascent stage,：Plus appearance of abnormal pressure rises during sand, stop immediately plus sand, continue to inject
Fracturing fluid, injection rate is 1-1.5 times of hole volume, stops sand and does not stop liquid；
2. pressure anomaly rises processing stage：After completing 1-1.5 times of hole volume fracturing fluid injection, continuation is carried with fracturing fluid
In 70/140 mesh small particle fracturing sand injection stratum, now the injection rate of small particle fracturing sand is equal to or less than and pressure anomaly occurs
When fracturing sand consumption, after completing this section plus sand, continue inject 1-1.5 times hole volume fracturing fluid, observation pressure change；
3. pressure observes the stage：
If pressure declines, stop adding small particle fracturing sand, add fracturing sand according to original design sand ratio, and gradually step up sand
Than until complete design sand feeding amount；
If pressure does not drop or persistently rises, above-mentioned drop filter method step step is repeated 2. 1-3 times, until declining occurs in pressure, then
According to original design plus sand program, continue to construct.
3. processing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Still can not than method and drop filter method according to critical sand
Pressure is set steadily to get off, then using bottom pressure control methods, specially：
1. appearance of abnormal pressure rises processing stage：Plus appearance of abnormal pressure rises during sand, and discharge capacity is reduced at once, the range of decrease is
0.5-2m3/min；
2. pressure observes the stage：
If pressure becomes steady, can continue according to original design plus sand, or the appropriate sand ratio that reduces adds sand, sand ratio can be down to critical sand ratio with
Under, until completing plus sand；
If pressure continues to raise or fluctuating range is larger, can continue to reduce discharge capacity, 0.4~0.6m of each discharge capacity range of decrease3/ min, directly
It is steady to pressure or decline, then proceed to according to original design plus sand, or the appropriate sand ratio that reduces adds sand, until completing plus sand.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108756873A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of determination method reducing fluid neuron network resistance based on nanotechnology |
| CN109751035A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of oil-gas reservoir fracturing sand feeding method |
| CN111104723A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Critical flow evaluation method for proppant backflow shaft after fracturing well pressure |
| CN112031759A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Construction control method for fracturing site of vertical well multi-branch seam |
| CN114135266A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Efficient fracturing sand adding method based on water hammer effect |
| CN115410347A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-11-29 | 四川宏华电气有限责任公司 | Intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand blocking in fracturing process |
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| CN109751035A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of oil-gas reservoir fracturing sand feeding method |
| CN109751035B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2021-06-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracturing sand adding method for oil and gas reservoir |
| CN108756873A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of determination method reducing fluid neuron network resistance based on nanotechnology |
| CN108756873B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-06-22 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Determination method for reducing fluid seepage resistance based on nanotechnology |
| CN111104723A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Critical flow evaluation method for proppant backflow shaft after fracturing well pressure |
| CN111104723B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2022-08-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Critical flow evaluation method for proppant backflow shaft after fracturing well pressure |
| CN112031759A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Construction control method for fracturing site of vertical well multi-branch seam |
| CN112031759B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2023-12-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | On-site construction control method for fracturing multiple branch joints of vertical well |
| CN114135266A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-04 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Efficient fracturing sand adding method based on water hammer effect |
| CN115410347A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-11-29 | 四川宏华电气有限责任公司 | Intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand blocking in fracturing process |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |