CN112031759B - On-site construction control method for fracturing multiple branch joints of vertical well - Google Patents
On-site construction control method for fracturing multiple branch joints of vertical well Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction engineering, in particular to a method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch joint fracturing of a vertical well. The method mainly solves the problem that the existing method can not ensure the formation of branch joints on the premise of ensuring construction safety. The invention adjusts the dosage of the sand plug in real time according to the pressure gradient of the pump stopping before pressing. And adjusting the sand adding program and the using amount of the temporary plugging agent in real time according to the pressure change condition of the site construction. After temporary plugging is in place, calculating the bottom hole pressure in real time, diagnosing whether a branch joint is generated, and determining whether to add temporary plugging agent according to the diagnosis result. The invention has the advantages of ensuring the formation of branch joints and the like on the premise of ensuring the construction safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction engineering, in particular to a method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch joint fracturing of a vertical well.
Background
At present, the field construction control of the branch joint fracturing and temporary plugging turning fracturing of the vertical well of the oil field mainly depends on the experience of technicians, and a field construction control method of a system is not provided. The problems that sand blocking and temporary blocking are easy to occur on site, the rising amplitude of the construction pressure after temporary blocking is overlarge, the rising value of the construction pressure after temporary blocking is insufficient, and the like. So that the branch seam cannot be formed on the premise of ensuring construction safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch-seam fracturing of a vertical well, which comprises five steps of sand pre-treatment, main-seam fracturing, temporary plugging agent addition, branch-seam diagnosis and branch-seam fracturing, and ensures the formation of branch seams on the premise of ensuring construction safety.
The invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch joint fracturing of a vertical well comprises the following steps:
the first step: before sand is added, different slug processing modes are adopted according to different pump stopping pressure gradients;
and a second step of: in the main fracture fracturing process, according to the construction pressure fluctuation condition, the method is implemented according to the design or the mode of reducing the sand ratio;
and a third step of: in the adding process of the temporary plugging agent, a mode of adding or reducing the temporary plugging agent is adopted according to the fluctuation condition of construction pressure;
fourth step: a branch seam diagnosis stage for diagnosing whether the branch seam is generated according to the branch seam forming condition, the site construction parameters and the corresponding pattern plate, and adopting an implementation mode according to the diagnosis result to ensure that the branch seam is generated;
fifth step: in the branch seam fracturing process, according to the construction pressure fluctuation condition, the method is implemented according to the design or the mode of reducing the sand ratio; and if multistage temporary plugging construction is required, repeating the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step.
The sand adding pretreatment method in the first step comprises the following steps:
(1) After the stratum is pressed open, testing the pump stopping pressure, and calculating a pump stopping pressure gradient A;
(2) If A is less than or equal to 0.018MPa/m, continuing to construct according to the design;
(3) If the MPa/m of 0.018 is more than A and less than or equal to 0.02MPa/m, 0-1 slug is adopted for treatment before sand adding, the slug sand ratio is 5%, the time is 1min, the displacement is the displacement of the front liquid, and then the construction is continued according to the design;
(4) If A is more than 0.02MPa/m, 1-2 slugs are adopted for treatment before sand adding, the slug sand ratio is 5%, the time is 1min, the displacement is the displacement of the front liquid, and then the construction is continued according to the design.
The method is implemented in the main fracture fracturing process in the second step;
(1) In the main fracture fracturing process, if the construction pressure is reduced, the construction pressure is stable, the construction pressure rising slope B is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the construction is carried out according to the design;
(2) In the main fracture fracturing process, if the construction pressure rising slope is 15 degrees less than or equal to 30 degrees, immediately reducing the sand ratio to 50% of the raw sand ratio, and observing the construction pressure change condition:
if the construction pressure is restored stably, gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the 5% sand ratio gradient to restore normal construction;
if the construction pressure continuously rises, stopping the spraying immediately, and discharging, and gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the gradient of 5% sand ratio to restore normal construction; and if the pipe is not put through, backwashing or moving the pipe column, and then constructing.
The method is implemented in the adding process of the temporary plugging agent in the step three;
(1) After the temporary plugging agent is added, if the construction pressure rising slope C is less than or equal to 30 degrees, adding 20 percent of the temporary plugging agent for each time, and then observing the construction pressure rising slope until the pressure rising slope C is more than 30 degrees;
(2) After the temporary plugging agent is added, if the rising slope of the construction pressure is 30 degrees more than or equal to C and less than or equal to 60 degrees, the construction is carried out according to the design;
(3) After the temporary plugging agent is added, if the construction pressure rising slope C is more than 60 degrees, the temporary plugging agent is immediately stopped being added.
The method is implemented in the branch joint diagnosis process in the step four;
(1) Calculating the horizontal main stress D of the vertical branch seam in the cracking direction, wherein the horizontal main stress D is specifically as follows: d=minimum horizontal principal stress+0.8 MPa when horizontal stress difference=1 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+1.5 MPa when horizontal stress difference=2 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+1.8 MPa when horizontal stress difference=3 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+1.9 MPa when horizontal stress difference=4 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+2.0 MPa when horizontal stress difference=5 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+2.1 MPa when horizontal stress difference=6 MPa;
(2) Counting the rock tensile strength E of a target layer of the fracturing well;
(3) Reading the edge Cheng Mazu F and the net liquid column pressure G of the branch joint diagnosis stage according to the target layer depth of the fracturing well, the construction parameters, the edge Cheng Mazu plate and the net liquid column pressure plate;
(4) Calculating the bottom hole pressure H of the branch joint diagnosis stage, wherein H=construction pressure+G-H;
(5) And diagnosing whether the branch seam is generated according to the branch seam forming condition. The branching seam forming conditions are as follows: h is more than or equal to D+E;
(6) If the diagnosis result is that the branch joint is generated, continuing to construct according to the design; if the diagnosis result is that no branch seam is generated, adding 20% of the designed amount of temporary plugging agent, repeating the steps (4) - (5) until H is more than or equal to D+E after the temporary plugging agent reaches the preset position, and then performing construction according to the design.
The method is implemented in the branching joint fracturing process in the fifth step;
(1) In the process of branch seam fracturing, if the construction pressure is reduced, the construction pressure is stable, the construction pressure rising slope B is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the construction is carried out according to the design;
(2) In the process of branch seam fracturing, if the construction pressure rising slope is 15 degrees less than or equal to 30 degrees, immediately reducing the sand ratio to 50% of the raw sand ratio, and observing the construction pressure change condition:
if the construction pressure is restored stably, gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the 5% sand ratio gradient to restore normal construction;
if the construction pressure continuously rises, stopping the spraying immediately, and discharging, and gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the gradient of 5% sand ratio to restore normal construction; if the pipe is not put through, backwashing or moving the pipe column and then constructing;
(3) And if the multistage temporary plugging construction is required, repeating the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can ensure the formation of branch joints on the premise of ensuring construction safety. The controllability is strong, the operation is convenient and simple, and the safety and the effectiveness are high.
Description of the drawings: FIG. 1 is a construction curve in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a drawing of a plate along Cheng Mazu in an embodiment of the invention; figure 3 is a diagram of net liquid column pressure plate in an embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows: the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples: a method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch joint fracturing of a vertical well comprises the following steps:
the first step: sand pre-treatment; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) After the formation was pressed open, the pump down pressure was measured to 15.2MPa, the depth of the middle portion of the objective layer was 1535.8m, and the pump down gradient a=0.019 MPa/m was calculated (the construction curve is shown in fig. 1).
(2) A is more than 0.018MPa/m and less than or equal to 0.02MPa/m, 0-1 slugs are adopted for treatment before sand adding, 0 slugs are adopted for treatment due to limited field fracturing fluid, and then construction is continued according to design.
And a second step of: fracturing the main cracks; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) In the main fracture fracturing process, the construction pressure is stable, and the construction is performed according to the design.
And a third step of: adding a temporary plugging agent; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) After the temporary plugging agent is added, the construction pressure rising slope C=55°, and the construction is carried out according to the design.
Fourth step: diagnosing branch joints; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The horizontal stress difference of the well=3 MPa, and the horizontal main stress D=35.6MPa+1.8MPa=37.4 MPa in the cracking direction of the vertical branch seam.
(2) The rock tensile strength e=1.8 MPa of the fracture well target layer was counted.
(3) The target layer depth of the fracturing well is 1535.8m, and the construction discharge capacity is 4.5m 3 And/min. When the discharge capacity is 4.5m 3 At a sand ratio of 0%, cheng Mazu f=6.4× 1.5358 =9.8 MPa for the branch joint diagnosis stage is read from the along-the-path friction plate (fig. 2), and g=9.8× 1.5358 =15.1 MPa for the branch joint diagnosis stage is read from the net column pressure plate (fig. 3).
(4) Calculating the bottom hole pressure H=34.4+15.1-9.8=39.7 MPa in the branch joint diagnosis stage.
(5) The bottom hole pressure H is 39.7MPa, the horizontal main stress D in the vertical branch seam cracking direction is 37.4MPa, the tensile strength E of the rock is 1.8MPa, H is more than or equal to D+E, and the diagnosis result is that the branch seam is generated.
(6) And the diagnosis result is that branch joints are generated, and construction is continued according to the design.
Fifth step: fracturing branch joints; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) In the branch seam fracturing process, the rising slope B of the construction pressure in the early stage is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the construction pressure in the later stage is reduced, and the construction is designed.
Claims (2)
1. A method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch joint fracturing of a vertical well is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step: before sand is added, different slug processing modes are adopted according to different pump stopping pressure gradients;
and a second step of: in the main fracture fracturing process, according to the construction pressure fluctuation condition, the method is implemented according to the design or the mode of reducing the sand ratio; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) In the main fracture fracturing process, if the construction pressure is reduced, the construction pressure is stable, the construction pressure rising slope B is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the construction is carried out according to the design;
(2) In the main fracture fracturing process, if the construction pressure rising slope is 15 degrees less than or equal to 30 degrees, immediately reducing the sand ratio to 50% of the raw sand ratio, and observing the construction pressure change condition:
if the construction pressure is restored stably, gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the 5% sand ratio gradient to restore normal construction;
if the construction pressure continuously rises, stopping the spraying immediately, and discharging, and gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the gradient of 5% sand ratio to restore normal construction; if the pipe is not put through, backwashing or moving the pipe column and then constructing;
and a third step of: in the adding process of the temporary plugging agent, a mode of adding or reducing the temporary plugging agent is adopted according to the fluctuation condition of construction pressure; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) After the temporary plugging agent is added, if the construction pressure rising slope C is less than or equal to 30 degrees, adding 20 percent of the temporary plugging agent for each time, and then observing the construction pressure rising slope until the construction pressure rising slope C is more than 30 degrees;
(2) After the temporary plugging agent is added, if the rising slope of the construction pressure is 30 degrees more than or equal to C and less than or equal to 60 degrees, the construction is carried out according to the design;
(3) After the temporary plugging agent is added, if the construction pressure rising slope C is more than 60 degrees, immediately stopping adding the temporary plugging agent;
fourth step: a branch seam diagnosis stage for diagnosing whether the branch seam is generated according to the branch seam forming condition, the site construction parameters and the corresponding pattern plate, and adopting an implementation mode according to the diagnosis result to ensure that the branch seam is generated; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating the horizontal main stress D of the vertical branch seam in the cracking direction, wherein the horizontal main stress D is specifically as follows: d=minimum horizontal principal stress+0.8 MPa when horizontal stress difference=1 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+1.5 MPa when horizontal stress difference=2 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+1.8 MPa when horizontal stress difference=3 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+1.9 MPa when horizontal stress difference=4 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+2.0 MPa when horizontal stress difference=5 MPa; d=minimum horizontal principal stress+2.1 MPa when horizontal stress difference=6 MPa;
(2) Counting the rock tensile strength E of a vertical well target layer of the fracturing well;
(3) Reading the edge Cheng Mazu F and the net liquid column pressure G of the branch joint diagnosis stage according to the target layer depth of the vertical well of the fracturing well, the construction parameters, the edge Cheng Mazu plate and the net liquid column pressure plate;
(4) Calculating the bottom hole pressure H of the branch joint diagnosis stage, wherein H=construction pressure+G-H;
(5) Diagnosing whether a branch seam is generated according to the branch seam forming conditions, wherein the branch seam forming conditions are as follows: h is more than or equal to D+E;
(6) If the diagnosis result is that the branch joint is generated, continuing to construct according to the design; if the diagnosis result is that no branch seam is generated, adding 20% of the set quantity of the temporary plugging agent, repeating the steps (4) - (5) until H is more than or equal to D+E after the temporary plugging agent reaches the preset position, and then constructing according to the design;
fifth step: in the fracturing process of the branch joint, according to the fluctuation condition of construction pressure, the method is implemented in a mode of designing or reducing sand ratio; if multistage temporary plugging construction is needed, repeating the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) In the process of branch seam fracturing, if the construction pressure is reduced, the construction pressure is stable, the construction pressure rising slope B is less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the construction is carried out according to the design;
(2) In the process of branch seam fracturing, if the construction pressure rising slope is 15 degrees less than or equal to 30 degrees, immediately reducing the sand ratio to 50% of the raw sand ratio, and observing the construction pressure change condition:
if the construction pressure is restored stably, gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the 5% sand ratio gradient to restore normal construction;
if the construction pressure continuously rises, stopping the spraying immediately, and discharging, and gradually increasing the sand ratio according to the gradient of 5% sand ratio to restore normal construction; if the pipe is not put through, backwashing or moving the pipe column and then constructing;
(3) And if the multistage temporary plugging construction is required, repeating the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step.
2. The method for controlling the on-site construction of multi-branch joint fracturing of a vertical well according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sand adding pretreatment method in the first step comprises the following steps:
after the stratum is pressed open, testing the pump stopping pressure, and calculating a pump stopping pressure gradient A;
if A is less than or equal to 0.018MPa/m, continuing to construct according to the design;
if the MPa/m of 0.018 is more than A and less than or equal to 0.02MPa/m, 0-1 slug is adopted for treatment before sand adding, the slug sand ratio is 5%, the time is 1min, the displacement is the displacement of the front liquid, and then the construction is continued according to the design;
(4) If A is more than 0.02MPa/m, 1-2 slugs are adopted for treatment before sand adding, the slug sand ratio is 5%, the time is 1min, the displacement is the displacement of the front liquid, and then the construction is continued according to the design.
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