CN115410347A - Intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand blocking in fracturing process - Google Patents
Intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand blocking in fracturing process Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand blocking in a fracturing process, which comprises the following steps: s1: acquiring a real-time sand plugging probability value in a fracturing process; s2: acquiring a construction pressure value in a fracturing process, and carrying out interval division on the construction pressure value; s3: and carrying out intelligent early warning and regulation and control on sand plugging according to the interval to which the fracturing construction pressure value belongs and the real-time sand plugging probability value. The sand blockage identification method can identify sand blockage more objectively and accurately, and compared with a manual mode, the efficiency and the safety are higher when abnormal conditions are processed. Real-time early warning is carried out in the fracturing process, and flow and sand ratio are accurately controlled, so that the traditional artificial sand plugging early warning is more intelligent, and the efficiency of the fracturing operation process is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas development, and particularly relates to an intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand plugging in a fracturing process.
Background
Fracturing refers to the process of injecting fracturing fluid and propping agent into an oil and gas reservoir through a ground high-pressure pump set to reform the reservoir, so as to form an artificial fracture with certain volume and flow conductivity, and oil and gas can permeate into a shaft through the fracture, so that the recovery ratio of an oil and gas well is improved.
Due to the complexity of stratum and fracture extension in the fracturing process, sand blocking, stratum fracture failure, fracturing channeling and other abnormal conditions are easy to occur, wherein the sand blocking is easy to occur and the consequences are serious. Sand plugging is the build up of construction pressure caused by proppant build up in the bottom of the well or in the fracture. If sand blockage occurs, high pressure is used to damage pipelines and equipment, the cost is greatly increased by blockage removal treatment, and casualties, stratum seepage damage and construction wells are seriously damaged.
Sand blocking early warning in the current fracturing work process mainly relies on commander to discern through the construction curve of naked eye observation. When the sand blockage sign is manually identified, firstly stopping sand, observing the construction pressure, and if the pressure continuously rises, carrying out step emission reduction until the pressure is in a stable state. The manual early warning sand blockage depends on knowledge and experience storage of commanders excessively, and everybody is different in cognition, so that the early warning of the sand blockage is inevitable to cause misjudgment and missing judgment, the construction pressure is increased, and potential safety hazards exist. The existing fracturing commander commands an operator to operate through intercommunication communication, and when sand blockage signs are recognized, command and operation have hysteresis in execution efficiency and results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of subjective activity of artificial sand plugging early warning in a fracturing construction process and low execution efficiency under the condition of abnormal construction, and provides an intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand plugging in the fracturing process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an intelligent early warning and regulation method for sand blocking in a fracturing process comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a real-time sand plugging probability value in a fracturing process;
s2: acquiring a construction pressure value in a fracturing process, and carrying out interval division on the construction pressure value;
s3: and carrying out intelligent sand plugging regulation and control according to the interval to which the fracturing construction value belongs and the real-time sand plugging probability value.
Further, in step S2, a specific method for interval division of the fracture construction value is as follows: and acquiring a pressure limiting value, a flow target value and a sand ratio target value of the construction well, and setting a limiting line, a warning line and a safety line according to the pressure limiting value of the construction well.
If the construction pressure value is smaller than the safety line, the construction pressure value belongs to a first interval;
if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the safety line and less than the warning line, the construction pressure value belongs to a second interval;
if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the warning line and smaller than the limiting line, the construction pressure value belongs to a third interval;
and if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the limit line, the construction pressure value belongs to a fourth interval.
Further, in the step S3, the specific method for intelligently regulating and controlling sand plugging includes:
when the construction pressure value belongs to a first interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value, if so, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a second state, and not performing regulation, otherwise, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a first state, and adopting a first regulation and control mode;
when the construction pressure value belongs to a second interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a third state, and not performing regulation, otherwise, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a first state, and adopting a first regulation and control mode;
when the construction pressure value belongs to a third interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, judging that the current fracturing construction is in a fourth state and adopting a second regulation and control mode, otherwise, judging that the current fracturing construction is in a third state and adopting the second regulation and control mode;
and when the construction pressure value belongs to a fourth interval, the current fracturing construction is in a fifth state, and a third regulation and control mode is adopted.
Further, in step S3, the first state is: pre-warning the current fracturing construction zero level; the second state is: performing primary early warning on the current fracturing construction; the third state is: performing secondary early warning on the current fracturing construction; the fourth state is: performing three-stage early warning on the current fracturing construction; the fifth state is: and carrying out four-stage early warning on the current fracturing construction.
Further, in step S3, the first regulation and control manner is: if the real-time flow value is smaller than the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim Then, carrying out row ascending operation; if the real-time flow value is equal to the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim If so, no regulation is carried out; if the real-time flow value is larger than the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim Then the row descending operation is carried out;
the second regulation and control mode is as follows: carrying out row descending operation;
the third regulation and control mode is as follows: the pump stop operation is performed and the displacement output is zero.
Further, in step S3, the zero-level warning is: if the real-time sand ratio is equal to the target value of the sand ratio of the corresponding stageS Aim If so, no regulation is carried out; when the real-time sand ratio is larger than the sand ratio target value of the corresponding phaseS Aim Then the sand ratio output value is reduced to the sand ratio target value of the stage corresponding to the real-time sand ratioS Aim (ii) a When the real-time sand ratio is smaller than the sand ratio target value of the corresponding phaseS Aim Increasing the sand ratio output value to a sand ratio target value of the stage corresponding to the real-time sand ratioS Aim (ii) a The first-level early warning is as follows: continuously judging the section where the construction pressure value is located; the secondary early warning is as follows: reducing the sand ratio output value to a set sand ratio threshold value; the third-level early warning is as follows: carrying out sand stopping operation; the four-stage early warning is as follows: and sending a sand blocking prompt.
Further, in step S3, the amount of ascent and descent output for the ascent and descent operation is performedQ Rise_Out The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Q RealTime in order to perform real-time displacement,P RealTime in order to achieve a real-time pressure,P Alert_line is the value of the warning line,Q rise_base is the maximum value of a single increment.
Further, in step S3, emission reduction output quantity of emission reduction operation is performedQ Drop_Out The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,Q RealTime in order to perform real-time displacement,P RealTime in order to achieve a real-time pressure,P Alert_line is the value of the warning line,Q drop_base is the maximum value of single emission reduction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sand blockage identification method can identify sand blockage more objectively and accurately, and compared with a manual mode, the efficiency and the safety are higher when abnormal conditions are processed. Real-time early warning is carried out in the fracturing process, and flow and sand ratio are accurately controlled, so that the traditional artificial sand plugging early warning is more intelligent, and the efficiency of the fracturing operation process is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an intelligent early warning and regulation method for sand plugging in a fracturing process.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides an intelligent early warning and regulation method for sand plugging in a fracturing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a real-time sand plugging probability value in a fracturing process;
s2: acquiring a construction pressure value in a fracturing process, and performing interval division on the construction pressure value;
s3: and carrying out intelligent sand plugging regulation and control according to the interval to which the fracturing construction value belongs and the real-time sand plugging probability value.
In the embodiment of the invention, a BPNN sand blockage prediction model with multiple time windows and multiple variables is established according to historical data of sand blockage, and real-time construction data (real-time displacement)Q RealTime Real time pressureP RealTime Real time sand ratioS RealTime ) Transfusion systemPutting the obtained value into a sand plugging prediction model to obtain the real-time sand plugging probability value in the fracturing processC Sand_Plugg . The invention is not limited to the method, and the sand blocking probability calculated by any model can be input into the adjusting and discharging method.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a specific method for interval division of the fracturing construction value is as follows: and acquiring a pressure limiting value, a flow target value and a sand ratio target value of the construction well, and setting a limiting line, a warning line and a safety line according to the pressure limiting value of the construction well.
If the construction pressure value is smaller than the safety line, the construction pressure value belongs to a first interval;
if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the safety line and less than the warning line, the construction pressure value belongs to a second interval;
if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the warning line and smaller than the limiting line, the construction pressure value belongs to a third interval;
and if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the limit line, the construction pressure value belongs to a fourth interval.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fracturing construction window is divided into 4 intervals. The value of the pressure limiting line is equal to the pressure limiting value, and the pump is stopped when the construction pressure exceeds the pressure limiting line. The value of the warning line is equal to the subtraction of the warning interval from the voltage-limiting valueΔP 1 And the construction pressure exceeds the warning line, so that sand blocking risks exist. The value of the safety line is equal to the voltage-limiting value minus the safety intervalΔP 2 And if the construction pressure exceeds the safety line, determining whether to stop sand or not according to the sand blocking probability. Guard intervalΔP 1 And a safety intervalΔP 2 Determined by the characteristics of the formation/reservoir.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the step S3, the specific method for intelligently regulating and controlling sand plugging comprises the following steps:
when the construction pressure value belongs to a first interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a second state, and not performing regulation, otherwise, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a first state, and adopting a first regulation and control mode;
when the construction pressure value belongs to a second interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a third state, and not performing regulation, otherwise, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a first state, and adopting a first regulation and control mode;
when the construction pressure value belongs to a third interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, judging that the current fracturing construction is in a fourth state and adopting a second regulation and control mode, otherwise, judging that the current fracturing construction is in a third state and adopting the second regulation and control mode;
and when the construction pressure value belongs to a fourth interval, the current fracturing construction is in a fifth state, and a third regulation and control mode is adopted.
The sand plugging probability setpoint is defined as: the sand clogging probability when the sand clogging sign is present is artificially identified, and the value thereof is limited to (0-100%).
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the first state is: early warning the current fracturing construction zero level; the second state is: performing primary early warning on the current fracturing construction; the third state is: performing secondary early warning on the current fracturing construction; the fourth state is: performing three-stage early warning on the current fracturing construction; the fifth state is: and carrying out four-stage early warning on the current fracturing construction.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the first regulation and control manner is: if the real-time flow value is smaller than the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim Then, carrying out row lifting operation; if the real-time flow value is equal to the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim If so, no regulation is carried out; if the real-time flow value is larger than the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim Then, the row descending operation is carried out;
the second regulation and control mode is as follows: carrying out row descending operation;
the third regulation and control mode is as follows: the pump is stopped and the displacement output is zero.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the zero-level warning is: if the real-time sand ratio is equal to the target value of the sand ratio of the corresponding stageS Aim If so, no regulation is carried out; when the real-time sand ratio is larger than the sand ratio target value of the corresponding phaseS Aim Reducing the sand ratio output value to the sand ratio target value of the stage corresponding to the real-time sand ratioS Aim (ii) a When the real-time sand ratio is smaller than the sand ratio target value of the corresponding phaseS Aim Increasing the sand ratio output value to the sand ratio target value of the stage corresponding to the real-time sand ratioS Aim (ii) a The first-level early warning comprises the following steps: continuously judging the section where the construction pressure value is located; the secondary early warning is as follows: reducing the sand ratio output value to a set sand ratio threshold value; the third-level early warning is as follows: carrying out sand stopping operation; the four-stage early warning is as follows: and sending a sand blocking prompt. In the zero-level early warning to the four-level early warning, the early warning measures are increased step by step, and the next level comprises the measures of the previous level.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the lifting output amount of the lifting operation is performedQ Rise_Out The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Q RealTime in order to discharge the volume in real time,P RealTime in order to achieve a real-time pressure,P Alert_line is the value of the warning line and is,Q rise_base is the maximum of a single increment.
In the embodiment of the invention, in step S3, emission reduction output quantity of emission reduction operation is performedQ Drop_Out The calculation formula of (c) is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Q RealTime in order to discharge the volume in real time,P RealTime in order to achieve a real-time pressure,P Alert_line is the value of the warning line and is,Q drop_base is the maximum value of single emission reduction.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent early warning and regulation method for sand blocking in a fracturing process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring a real-time sand plugging probability value in a fracturing process;
s2: acquiring a construction pressure value in a fracturing process, and carrying out interval division on the construction pressure value;
s3: and carrying out intelligent sand plugging regulation and control according to the interval to which the fracturing construction value belongs and the real-time sand plugging probability value.
2. The intelligent early warning and regulation and control method for sand blocking in the fracturing process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the specific method for interval division of the fracturing construction value is as follows: acquiring a pressure limiting value, a flow target value and a sand ratio target value of a construction well, and setting a limiting line, a warning line and a safety line according to the pressure limiting value of the construction well;
if the construction pressure value is smaller than the safety line, the construction pressure value belongs to a first interval;
if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the safety line and less than the warning line, the construction pressure value belongs to a second interval;
if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the warning line and smaller than the limiting line, the construction pressure value belongs to a third interval;
and if the construction pressure value is greater than or equal to the limit line, the construction pressure value belongs to a fourth interval.
3. The intelligent early warning and regulation and control method for sand plugging in the fracturing process according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, the specific method for intelligently regulating and controlling sand plugging is as follows:
when the construction pressure value belongs to a first interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a second state, and not performing regulation, otherwise, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a first state, and adopting a first regulation and control mode;
when the construction pressure value belongs to a second interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a third state, and not performing regulation, otherwise, enabling the current fracturing construction to be in a first state, and adopting a first regulation and control mode;
when the construction pressure value belongs to a third interval, judging whether the real-time sand blocking probability value is larger than or equal to a sand blocking probability set value or not, if so, judging that the current fracturing construction is in a fourth state and adopting a second regulation and control mode, otherwise, judging that the current fracturing construction is in a third state and adopting the second regulation and control mode;
and when the construction pressure value belongs to a fourth interval, the current fracturing construction is in a fifth state, and a third regulation and control mode is adopted.
4. The intelligent early warning and regulation and control method for sand blocking in the fracturing process according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the first state is as follows: early warning the current fracturing construction zero level; the second state is: performing primary early warning on the current fracturing construction; the third state is: performing secondary early warning on the current fracturing construction; the fourth state is: performing three-stage early warning on the current fracturing construction; the fifth state is: and carrying out four-stage early warning on the current fracturing construction.
5. The intelligent early warning and regulation and control method for sand blocking in the fracturing process according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the first regulation and control mode is as follows: if the real-time flow value is smaller than the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim Then, carrying out row ascending operation; if the real-time flow value is equal to the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim If so, no regulation is carried out; if the real-time flow value is larger than the flow target value of the corresponding stageQ Aim Then, the row descending operation is carried out;
the second regulation and control mode is as follows: carrying out row descending operation;
the third regulation and control mode is as follows: the pump stop operation is performed and the displacement output is zero.
6. The intelligent early warning and regulation and control method for sand blocking in the fracturing process according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the zero-level early warning is as follows: if the real-time sand ratio is equal to the target value of the sand ratio of the corresponding stageS Aim If so, no regulation is carried out; when the real-time sand ratio is largeCorresponding to the sand ratio target value of the stageS Aim Reducing the sand ratio output value to the sand ratio target value of the stage corresponding to the real-time sand ratioS Aim (ii) a When the real-time sand ratio is smaller than the sand ratio target value of the corresponding phaseS Aim Increasing the sand ratio output value to the sand ratio target value of the stage corresponding to the real-time sand ratioS Aim (ii) a The first-level early warning comprises the following steps: continuously judging the section where the construction pressure value is located; the secondary early warning is as follows: reducing the sand ratio output value to a set sand ratio threshold value; the third-level early warning comprises the following steps: carrying out sand stopping operation; the four-level early warning comprises the following steps: and sending a sand blocking prompt.
7. The intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand plugging in fracturing process of claim 5, wherein in the step S3, the output volume of the oil pumping is increased and the oil pumping operation is performedQ Rise_Out The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Q RealTime in order to discharge the volume in real time,P RealTime in order to achieve a real-time pressure,P Alert_line is the value of the warning line,Q rise_base is the maximum value of a single increment.
8. The intelligent early warning and regulating method for sand plugging in fracturing process of claim 5, wherein in the step S3, emission reduction output quantity of emission reduction operation is carried outQ Drop_Out The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Q RealTime in order to discharge the volume in real time,P RealTime in order to realize real-time pressure,P Alert_line is the value of the warning line，Q drop_base Is the maximum value of single emission reduction.
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