CN106959246B - A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen - Google Patents
A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN106959246B CN106959246B CN201710086565.XA CN201710086565A CN106959246B CN 106959246 B CN106959246 B CN 106959246B CN 201710086565 A CN201710086565 A CN 201710086565A CN 106959246 B CN106959246 B CN 106959246B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen and methods.Including gas pressurization system, pressure delivery system and triaxial tests system, wherein the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder and gas booster pump, nitrogen cylinder are connected to the gas storage cylinder of pressure delivery system by gas booster pump；Instrument and the upper three-way interface of top connection from instrument among pressurization liquid nitrogen container, the pressure break, one end of upper three-way interface connect gas storage cylinder among the pressure delivery system, including gas storage cylinder, pressure break, and the other end connects exhaust outlet；The lower end of instrument connects lower three-way interface among the pressure break, and one end of lower three-way interface connects auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, and the other end connects triaxial tests system.Beneficial effect is: overcoming the ultralow temperature feature of liquid nitrogen and the seal request of nitrogen gas, realizes the anhydrous fracturing experiments of liquid nitrogen；Instrument injects liquid nitrogen using design of tee joint and from pressurization liquid nitrogen container among pressure break, and free of losses and quantitative injection may be implemented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shale oil gas extracting experiment device and method in petroleum works field, in particular to a kind of liquid
The anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of nitrogen and method.
Background technique
Shale gas is as a kind of important unconventional gas resource, the advantage that production life of well is long and the production cycle is long,
Be conducive to adjust energy consumption structure, alleviate petroleum resources shortage, increases clean energy resource supply, favored in recent years by various countries.
In recent years, with Chinese society sustained and rapid development of economy, the demand of the energy hits new peak repeatly, in addition traditional oil gas
Resource is increasingly depleted, causes China's oil, natural gas external dependence degree constantly soaring.Dependence on foreign countries for oil was by 1993
1.2% rise violently to 2013 58.1%, natural gas external dependence degree is also risen to 2013 rapidly by 0.8% in 2006
31.6%.It was predicted that will be up to 3000 × 108m to the average annual consumption figure of the year two thousand twenty Natural Gas In China3, and China's natural gas yield at that time
Only 2000 × 108m3Left and right, it is seen that demand of the China to natural gas is growing day by day.Simultaneously as China goes into overdrive to implement
The application of the policy of energy-saving and emission-reduction, natural gas is adequately promoted, this chooses the supply of China's natural gas by very big
War.Therefore, the exploration and development for accelerating unconventional gas resource, for ensuring that national energy strategic security has important meaning
Justice.
Since China's shale gas reservoir has the tectonic movement of experience complicated, depth is buried, horizontal stress difference is big, permeability
It is low, the features such as porosity is low, and brittleness index is low, lead to no natural production capacity, although well yield is high, initial stage successively decreases fastly, after
Phase low output, the production cycle is longer, and is difficult to form ideal seam net after volume fracturing, and reservoir reconstruction effect is poor.Meanwhile often
Rule volume fracturing liquid needs to consume a large amount of water resource, and China's shale gas reservoir is distributed in water-deficient area more, this is to a certain degree
On more constrain the implementation of conventional hydraulic pressure break.The considerations of external some countries (such as France) are for resource and environment,
Legislation is forbidden exploiting shale gas with hydrofracturing method.
To meet in shale gas exploitation to the factors high request such as reservoir property and geographical environment, it is poor to solve development effectiveness
Global problem, domestic and international many mechanisms are all being explored, and wherein the deep coolings such as liquid nitrogen cryogen liquid nitrogen is as Low Temperature Liquid
Change gas, usually there is extremely low temperature (LN2- 195.8 DEG C of normal boiling point), when with rock contact, rock surface temperature can be made
Rapid drawdown occurs high speed contraction distortion, forms a large amount of microfissures, and rock " brittleness " is remarkably reinforced, and brittle enhancing degree determines
The control volume of shale gas volume fracturing.Therefore, carry out ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen under the conditions of shale non-plastic fracture mechanism study, point
Brittleness changing rule, volume crack propagation law and relative influence of the shale under the conditions of ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen are analysed, and then carries out liquid
Nitrogen assists shale volume fracturing experiments, provides theory support for low-temperature anhydrous fracturing technique, has weight to the exploitation of China's shale gas
Want directive significance.
Almost do not have currently, carrying out the device of anhydrous pressure break or method in shale gas room using this super-low liquid of liquid nitrogen
Have.Current existing equipment, such as application number CN201610395924.5 patent of invention, are substantially tested, not at normal temperature
It can bear the ultra low temperature state of liquid nitrogen.Such as 201310732435.0 patent of invention of application number, be to the non-pressure break in scene or
There are the invention of the first fracturing technology of the coal bed gas well of intrinsic fracture improvement in person shaft bottom, for the shale liquid nitrogen pressure of room size
It splits and is not suitable for.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to drawbacks described above of the existing technology, and it is real to provide a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation of liquid nitrogen
Experiment device and method, the device and method can for -195.8 DEG C of liquid nitrogen normal boiling point physical property and its volatile spy
Point realizes that pressure is transmitted using nitrogen and liquid nitrogen while low temperature resistant.And using the ultralow temperature feature of liquid nitrogen, applying confining pressure
It keeps up with while cover pressure simulation true ground stress environment, realizes the liquid nitrogen pressure break true triaxial experiment of shale.
A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen that the present invention mentions, including gas pressurization system, pressure transmitting system
System and triaxial tests system, wherein the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder (1) and gas booster pump (3), nitrogen cylinder (1)
The gas storage cylinder (6) of pressure delivery system is connected to by gas booster pump (3)；The pressure delivery system, including gas
Instrument (11) and pressurization liquid nitrogen container (14) certainly, the top of the pressure break centre instrument (11) connect among storage cylinder (6), pressure break
One end of three-way interface (8), upper three-way interface (8) connects gas storage cylinder (6), and the other end connects exhaust outlet (10)；The pressure
The lower end for splitting intermediate instrument (11) connects lower three-way interface (12), and one end of lower three-way interface (12) connects auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container
(14), other end connection triaxial tests system (18)；By the way that rock core is put into triaxial tests system (18), in addition setting value is most
After big and minimum horizontal principal stress and overlying stress, truly stress condition carries out fracturing experiments for simulation.
Instrument (11) includes pressure cap (19), cylinder outer heat insulation layer (20), piston (22) and cylinder among above-mentioned pressure break
(23), the both ends of the cylinder (23) are respectively equipped with pressure cap (19), and a pressure cap is equipped with liquid nitrogen outflux (24), another
Pressure cap (19) is equipped with nitrogen and is passed through mouth (25), and outside is equipped with cylinder outer heat insulation layer (20), and being equipped in cylinder (23) inner cavity can be with
Mobile piston (22).
Above-mentioned nitrogen cylinder (1) top is equipped with nitrogen cylinder and carries valve (2), gas booster pump (3) and gas storage cylinder (6)
Between be equipped with the first shut-off valve (5) and gas pressure sensor (4).
The second shut-off valve (7) are equipped between instrument (11) among above-mentioned gas storage cylinder (6) and pressure break.
Between above-mentioned triaxial tests system (18) and lower three-way interface (12) be equipped with pressure gauge (15), thermometer (16) and
Low temperature resistant shut-off valve (17).
Above-mentioned nitrogen cylinder (1) is provided with the nitrogen that purity is 99.99%, nitrogen its maximum pressure come out in nitrogen cylinder
No more than 10MPa, and the connecting pipeline between each device uses high-pressure metal pipeline.
Above-mentioned gas storage cylinder (6) is made of high pressure resistant steel body, for the nitrogen after temporary storing pressurized.
Sealing ring (21) are equipped between the inner wall of above-mentioned piston (22) and cylinder (23), using high temperature and pressure graphite plate
Root.
Above-mentioned triaxial tests system (18) respectively has one with three directions of overlying stress in maximum, minimum level stress
Jack rigidly loads.
A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental method of liquid nitrogen that the present invention mentions, comprising the following steps:
(1), exhaust valve (9) are opened, closed cryogenic globe valve (17), prepare to inject liquid nitrogen to instrument (11) among pressure break；
(2), it opens from the liquid nitrogen tank valve (13) above pressurization liquid nitrogen container, toward injection is quantitative in instrument (11) among pressure break
Liquid nitrogen, close exhaust valve (9) and liquid nitrogen tank valve (13)；
(3), rock core is put into triaxial tests system (18) and installed, check sealing；
(4), confining pressure and burden pressure are loaded by servo-system, after reaching preset value, opened the second shut-off valve (7), it is quasi-
Standby logical nitrogen；
(5), the first shut-off valve (5) are opened and nitrogen cylinder carries valve (2), control gas booster pump (3) pressurization, and pass through
Gas pressure sensor (4) instant playback squeezes into nitrogen among pressure break in instrument (11) by gas storage cylinder (6)；
(6), among the pressure break in instrument (11), liquid nitrogen is pushed into triaxial tests by piston (22) by the nitrogen with pressure
In rock core in system (18), fracture simulation experiment is carried out；
(7), after rock core presses off preservation data, the first shut-off valve (5), cryogenic globe valve (17) and nitrogen cylinder is closed and carries valve
Door (2)；
(8), exhaust valve (9) are opened, the gas safety among pressure break in instrument (11) and gas storage cylinder (6) are released,
Terminate experiment.
Compared with prior art, the present invention the beneficial effect is that:
(1) overcome the ultralow temperature feature of liquid nitrogen and the seal request of nitrogen gas, realize the anhydrous fracturing experiments of liquid nitrogen；
(2) instrument uses design of tee joint and injects liquid nitrogen from pressurization liquid nitrogen container among pressure break, and free of losses may be implemented and determine
Amount injection greatly improves current liquid nitrogen and directly pours into mode roughly, realizes precisely injection and real time monitoring；
(3) use of auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container realizes the at-once monitor of the liquid nitrogen flow to injection rock core, facilitates research
Influence of the liquid nitrogen flow to fracturing effect.
Finally, the present invention assists this fracturing technology of shale using liquid nitrogen cryogenics fluid, cold shock transformation is carried out to shale,
Using the mechanism study and its effect assessment of liquid nitrogen pressure break when for the shale oil-gas mining of petroleum works field.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 2 is apparatus structure schematic diagram among pressure break；
In upper figure: nitrogen cylinder 1, nitrogen cylinder carry valve 2, gas booster pump 3, gas pressure sensor 4, the first shut-off valve
5, gas storage cylinder 6, the second shut-off valve 7, upper three-way interface 8, exhaust valve 9, exhaust outlet 10, pressure break centre instrument 11, lower threeway
Interface 12, liquid nitrogen tank valve 13, auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 14, pressure gauge 15, thermometer 16, low temperature resistant shut-off valve 17, three axis are real
Check system 18, pressure cap 19, cylinder outer heat insulation layer 20, sealing ring 21, piston 22, cylinder 23, liquid nitrogen outflux 24, nitrogen are passed through mouth
25。
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that preferred reality described herein
Apply example only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen that the present invention mentions, including gas pressurization system, pressure transmitting system
System and triaxial tests system, wherein the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder 1 and gas booster pump 3, nitrogen cylinder 1 pass through gas
Body booster pump 3 is connected to the gas storage cylinder 6 of pressure delivery system；The pressure delivery system, including gas storage cylinder 6, pressure
It splits intermediate instrument 11 and connects upper three-way interface 8 from the top of instrument 11 among pressurization liquid nitrogen container 14, the pressure break, upper three connect
One end of mouth 8 connects gas storage cylinder 6, and the other end connects exhaust outlet 10；The lower end connection lower three of instrument 11 among the pressure break
Mouth 12 is connected, one end of lower three-way interface 12 connects auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 14, and the other end connects triaxial tests system 18；Pass through
Rock core is put into triaxial tests system 18, in addition after the minimum and maximum horizontal principal stress and overlying stress of setting value, simulation
Truly stress condition carries out fracturing experiments.
Wherein, instrument 11 includes pressure cap 19, cylinder outer heat insulation layer 20, piston 22 and cylinder 23, the cylinder among pressure break
23 both ends are respectively equipped with pressure cap 19, and a pressure cap is equipped with liquid nitrogen outflux 24, another pressure cap 19 is logical equipped with nitrogen
Entrance 25, outside are equipped with cylinder outer heat insulation layer 20, are equipped with transportable piston 22 in 23 inner cavity of cylinder.
In addition, 1 top of nitrogen cylinder, which is equipped with nitrogen cylinder, carries valve 2, it is equipped between gas booster pump 3 and gas storage cylinder 6
First shut-off valve 5 and gas pressure sensor 4；Second section is equipped among above-mentioned gas storage cylinder 6 and pressure break between instrument 11
Only valve 7；Pressure gauge 15, thermometer 16 and low temperature resistant cut-off are equipped between above-mentioned triaxial tests system 18 and lower three-way interface 12
Valve 17.
Furthermore nitrogen cylinder 1 is provided with the nitrogen that purity is 99.99%, and nitrogen its maximum pressure come out in nitrogen cylinder does not surpass
10MPa is crossed, and the connecting pipeline between each device uses high-pressure metal pipeline.
Above-mentioned gas storage cylinder 6 is made of high pressure resistant steel body, for the nitrogen after temporary storing pressurized；Above-mentioned
Sealing ring 21 is equipped between piston 22 and the inner wall of cylinder 23, using high temperature and pressure graphite packing.
Above-mentioned triaxial tests system (18) respectively has one with three directions of overlying stress in maximum, minimum level stress
Jack rigidly loads.
A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental method of liquid nitrogen that the present invention mentions, comprising the following steps:
(1), exhaust valve 9 is opened, cryogenic globe valve 17 is closed, prepares to inject liquid nitrogen to instrument 11 among pressure break；
(2), it opens from the liquid nitrogen tank valve 13 above pressurization liquid nitrogen container, injects quantitative liquid into instrument 11 among pressure break
Nitrogen closes exhaust valve 9 and liquid nitrogen tank valve 13；
(3), it is put into rock core in triaxial tests system 18 and installs, checks sealing；
(4), confining pressure and burden pressure are loaded by servo-system, after reaching preset value, opened the second shut-off valve (7), it is quasi-
Standby logical nitrogen；
(5), it opens the first shut-off valve 5 and nitrogen cylinder carries valve 2, control gas booster pump 3 is pressurized, and passes through gas pressure
4 instant playback of force snesor squeezes into nitrogen among pressure break in instrument (11) by gas storage cylinder (6)；
(6), among the pressure break in instrument 11, liquid nitrogen is pushed into triaxial tests system by piston 22 by the nitrogen with pressure
In rock core in 18, fracture simulation experiment is carried out；
(7), after rock core presses off preservation data, the first shut-off valve 5, cryogenic globe valve 17 and nitrogen cylinder is closed and carries valve 2；
(8), exhaust valve 9 is opened, instrument 11 among pressure break and the gas safety in gas storage cylinder 6 are released, is terminated real
It tests.
Wherein, the preparation method of the rock core in step 3 is: utilizing the rock sample of rope wire cutting machine cutting shale, cut growth
After spending the standard size of 10.5cm, end face of polishing, and drilling well eyelet installs casing additional.
The above, is only part preferred embodiment of the invention, and anyone skilled in the art may benefit
Equivalent technical solution is modified or is revised as with the technical solution of above-mentioned elaboration.Therefore, technology according to the present invention
Any simple modification or substitute equivalents that scheme is carried out, belong to the greatest extent the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen, it is characterized in that: including gas pressurization system, pressure delivery system and three
Axis experimental system, wherein the gas pressurization system, including nitrogen cylinder (1) and gas booster pump (3), nitrogen cylinder (1) pass through gas
Body booster pump (3) is connected to the gas storage cylinder (6) of pressure delivery system；The pressure delivery system, including gas storage cylinder
(6), instrument (11) and the top connection upper three from instrument (11) among pressurization liquid nitrogen container (14), the pressure break connect among pressure break
One end of mouth (8), upper three-way interface (8) connects gas storage cylinder (6), and the other end connects exhaust outlet (10)；Among the pressure break
The lower end of instrument (11) connects lower three-way interface (12), and one end of lower three-way interface (12) connects auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container (14),
The other end connects triaxial tests system (18)；By the way that rock core is put into triaxial tests system (18), and setting value maximum and
After minimum horizontal principal stress and overlying stress, simulates true stress condition and carry out fracturing experiments；
Instrument (11) includes pressure cap (19), cylinder outer heat insulation layer (20), piston (22) and cylinder (23), institute among the pressure break
The both ends for stating cylinder (23) are respectively equipped with pressure cap (19), and a pressure cap is equipped with liquid nitrogen outflux (24), another pressure cap
(19) it is equipped with nitrogen to be passed through mouth (25), outside is equipped with cylinder outer heat insulation layer (20), and being equipped in cylinder (23) inner cavity can move
Piston (22).
2. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the nitrogen cylinder (1)
Portion is equipped with nitrogen cylinder and carries valve (2), and it is gentle that the first shut-off valve (5) are equipped between gas booster pump (3) and gas storage cylinder (6)
Pressure sensor (4).
3. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas storage cylinder
(6) and among pressure break the second shut-off valve (7) are equipped between instrument (11).
4. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the triaxial tests system
(18) pressure gauge (15), thermometer (16) and low temperature resistant shut-off valve (17) are equipped between lower three-way interface (12).
5. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the nitrogen cylinder (1)
The nitrogen for being 99.99% equipped with purity, its maximum pressure of nitrogen come out in nitrogen cylinder are no more than 10MPa, and between each device
Connecting pipeline uses high-pressure metal pipeline.
6. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas storage cylinder
(6) it is made of high pressure resistant steel body, for the nitrogen after temporary storing pressurized.
7. the anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the triaxial tests system
(18), a jack respectively rigidly loads with three directions of overlying stress in maximum, minimum level stress.
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| CN112082877A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device and method under different temperature and pressure |
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| CN112414882B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2022-04-01 | 武汉大学 | High-temperature crystalline rock cold impact cracking experiment system and method |
| CN113309519B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Shale anhydrous fracturing method for liquid nitrogen presplitting and nitrogen fracturing |
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