CN112082877A - Liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device and method under different temperature and pressure - Google Patents
Liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device and method under different temperature and pressure Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature pressures, which comprises a liquid nitrogen pumping part, a temperature pressure control part, a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system and a parameter control and data acquisition system. The method researches the fracturing effect of liquid nitrogen on the shale rock sample and the rock breaking mechanism under different temperature and pressure conditions; the experimental temperature range is wide, the temperature control is accurate, the engineering practice is strong, and theoretical support can be provided for the liquid nitrogen fracturing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a simulation experiment device and method for liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure.
Background
At present, shale gas is an important unconventional natural gas resource, has the advantages of long mining life and long production period, is favorable for adjusting an energy consumption structure, relieving the shortage of oil and gas resources and increasing the supply of clean energy, and is favored by various countries in recent years.
The shale gas reservoir has the characteristics of complex experienced structure movement, deep burial, large horizontal stress difference, low permeability, low porosity, low brittleness index and the like, so that the shale gas reservoir has no natural capacity, although the single well yield is high, the initial degression is fast, the later yield is low, the production period is long, an ideal seam network is difficult to form after volume fracturing, and the reservoir transformation effect is poor. Meanwhile, a large amount of water resources are consumed by the conventional volume of fracturing fluid, and shale gas reservoirs are mostly distributed in water-deficient areas, so that the implementation of conventional hydraulic fracturing is further restricted to a certain extent. Due to resource and environmental concerns, some countries have legislation that prohibits exploitation of shale gas by hydraulic fracturing.
In order to meet the high requirements of reservoir properties, geographical environments and other factors in shale gas exploitation and solve the worldwide problem of poor development effect, many organizations at home and abroad are exploring, wherein cryogenic fluid liquid nitrogen such as liquid nitrogen is usually used as cryogenic liquefied gas and has extremely low temperature (LN2 standard boiling point-195.8 ℃), when the cryogenic liquefied gas liquid nitrogen contacts with rocks, the surface temperature of the rocks is suddenly reduced, high-speed shrinkage deformation is generated, a large number of micro cracks are formed, the brittleness of the rocks is obviously enhanced, and the control volume of shale gas volume fracturing is determined by the enhancing degree of the brittleness.
Patent CN106840911A discloses a liquid nitrogen freeze-thawing damage shale experimental device and method, which can be used for shale freeze-thawing damage experiments under the action of liquid nitrogen under different conditions, have a large adjustable temperature range, and can simulate the damage degradation condition of stratum rocks after contacting with the liquid nitrogen.
Patent CN107436262A discloses a novel confining pressure low temperature liquid nitrogen fracturing experimental system for the process of high pressure liquid nitrogen fracturing reservoir rock under the simulated ground stress condition, research rock initiation characteristic, fracturing crack formation rule and the effect that the rock initiation was split is assisted to liquid nitrogen low temperature etc..
Patent CN106959246A discloses a liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device and method, which realize liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing experiment and lossless and quantitative injection.
As the physicochemical property difference of the liquid nitrogen is obvious under different temperature and pressure conditions, the invention does not consider controlling the liquid nitrogen temperature and the injection pressure in the indoor liquid nitrogen fracturing experiment process to research the fracturing effect of the liquid nitrogen on the shale rock sample under different temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the research on the brittle fracture mechanism of the shale under the ultralow temperature liquid nitrogen condition is developed, theoretical support is provided for the liquid nitrogen fracturing technology, and the method has important guiding significance on shale gas development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure, aiming at solving the technical problem that the hydraulic nitrogen fracturing simulation experiment under the condition of temperature and pressure control cannot be realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device comprises a liquid nitrogen pumping part, a temperature pressure control part, a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system and a parameter control and data acquisition system which are connected.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the liquid nitrogen pumping part comprises a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator, a pressure stabilizing gas storage tank and a self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank, the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator is connected with the top of the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank through a pipeline, the bottom of the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank is connected with the inlet of a gas booster pump through a pipeline, the outlet of the gas booster pump is connected with the inlet end of a liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container in the low temperature tank through an inlet three-way valve, and the other valve of the inlet three-way valve is connected with an exhaust pipe; the self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the outlet end of the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container through an outlet three-way valve, and the other valve of the outlet three-way valve is connected with the true triaxial fracturing experiment system;
as a further preferred of the present invention, the temperature and pressure control portion comprises a low-temperature box and a turbine refrigeration system which are connected, wherein a high-density polyurethane foam insulation layer is laid on the inner wall of the low-temperature box, and a temperature regulating valve, a temperature display and an emptying valve are arranged on the low-temperature box.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system is a conventional true triaxial fracturing experiment apparatus, and includes a reaction kettle, a gas booster pump and a pressure transmission system.
As a further optimization of the invention, the parameter control and data acquisition system comprises a control cabinet and a data acquisition system, wherein the control cabinet is connected with the liquid nitrogen pumping part, the temperature and pressure control part and the true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas pressure reducing valve is provided in a line connecting the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator and the pressure stabilizing gas tank.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, a gas flow meter and a first stop valve are provided in a line connecting the pressure-stabilizing gas tank and the gas booster pump.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second stop valve and a first pressure gauge are provided in a line connecting the gas booster pump and the inlet three-way valve.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, a fourth stop valve and a first ultra-low temperature flow meter are provided in a line connecting the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank and the outlet three-way valve.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, a pressure regulating valve, a fifth stop valve, a second pressure gauge, a first ultra-low temperature thermometer, and a second ultra-low temperature flowmeter are disposed on a pipeline connecting the outlet three-way valve and the true triaxial fracturing experimental system.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container is provided with a second ultra-low temperature thermometer.
The liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment method under different temperature and pressure adopts the experiment device, and the experiment steps are as follows:
(1) manufacturing a standard rock core and filling;
(2) connecting and checking pipeline pressure bearing and device air tightness;
(3) filling liquid nitrogen to manufacture a low-temperature environment;
(4) loading overburden rock stratum pressure and confining pressure on a rock core;
(5) pumping high-pressure nitrogen;
(6) discharging liquid nitrogen, and injecting the liquid nitrogen into a fracturing simulation system;
(7) recording and drawing a fracturing curve;
(8) after fracturing is finished, pressure is released and liquid nitrogen is reversely discharged;
(9) and (5) observing the shape of the core after the experiment is finished.
The device has the advantages that the problem that the conventional related experimental device cannot realize a liquid nitrogen fracturing simulation experiment under the temperature and pressure control condition can be solved, and the experimental device is used for researching the fracturing effect of liquid nitrogen on shale rock samples and the rock breaking mechanism under different temperature and pressure conditions; the experimental temperature range is wide, the temperature control is accurate, the engineering practice is strong, and theoretical support can be provided for the liquid nitrogen fracturing technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine; 2-a pressure-stabilizing air storage tank; 3-a gas flow meter; 4-gas booster pump; 5-inlet three-way valve; 6-self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank; 7-a first ultra-low temperature flow meter; 8-true triaxial fracturing experimental system; 9-outlet three-way valve; 10-a turbo refrigeration system; 11-a blow-down valve; 12-a temperature display; 13-temperature regulating valve; 14-injecting liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid into the container; 15-a piston; 16-a low temperature box; 17-high density polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer; 18-a second ultra-low temperature flow meter; 19-a pressure regulating valve; 20-a data acquisition system; 21-a control cabinet; 22-a first pressure gauge; 23-a second pressure gauge; 24-a first ultra-low temperature thermometer; 25-a second ultra-low temperature thermometer; 26-gas pressure reducing valve; 27-a first shut-off valve; 28-a second stop valve; 29-a third stop valve; 30-a fourth stop valve; 31-fifth stop valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure comprises a liquid nitrogen pumping part, a temperature and pressure control part, a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system, and a parameter control and data acquisition system 20 which are connected with each other; wherein:
the liquid nitrogen pumping part comprises a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1, a pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2 and a self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank 6, wherein the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 is connected with the top of the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2 through a pipeline, the bottom of the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2 is connected with an inlet of a gas booster pump 4 through a pipeline, an outlet of the gas booster pump 4 is connected with an inlet end of a liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 in a low-temperature box 16 through an inlet three-way valve 5, the other valve of the inlet three-way valve 5 is connected with an exhaust pipe, and the inlet three-way valve 5 is used for preventing pressure relief processing; the self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank 6 is connected with the outlet end of the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 through an outlet three-way valve 9, and the other valve of the outlet three-way valve 9 is connected with the true triaxial fracturing experiment system 8;
in the device, nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent generated by a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 is firstly filled into a pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 2 for storage, in the experimental process, the nitrogen enters a liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 through a pipeline after the pressure of the nitrogen reaches a set value through a gas booster pump 4, and a first pressure gauge 22 and a gas flowmeter 3 monitor experimental parameters in real time.
Because the injection pressure of the nitrogen after being pressurized by the gas booster pump 4 may reach dozens of megapascals, the pipe body and the connecting pipeline required by the whole set of experimental system are made of high-pressure metal materials.
In the experimental preparation stage, after a certain amount of liquid nitrogen is filled into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14, the outlet three-way valve 9 at the outlet of the self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank 6 is closed, the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank adopts a Claisi YDZ self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank, a liquid level meter is arranged, and the like, so that the injection of quantitative liquid nitrogen and the flow rate monitoring can be realized. The liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 is a main pressure transmission device in the whole set of experimental device, is cylindrical, is provided with sealing covers at the front and the rear, and is made of cryogenic steel, so that the mechanical property of steel materials can be prevented from being damaged in an ultralow temperature environment for a long time; in the experimental process, high-pressure nitrogen is used for pushing liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid to be injected into the outlet end of the container 14, high-pressure nitrogen is introduced into the inlet end of the container, and the liquid nitrogen is pushed out of the cylinder from the other end under specified pressure, so that pressure transmission is realized.
The temperature and pressure control part comprises a low-temperature box 16 and a turbine refrigerating system 10 which are connected, wherein a high-density polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer 17 is paved on the inner wall of the low-temperature box 16, and a temperature adjusting valve 13, a temperature display 12 and an emptying valve 11 are arranged on the low-temperature box 16.
The high-density polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer 17 is used for keeping the interior of the low-temperature box 16 in an ultralow-temperature state for a long time, the turbine refrigerating system 10 cools the low-temperature box, the temperature in the low-temperature box 16 is adjusted and controlled through the temperature adjusting valve 13, and the real-time temperature in the low-temperature box 16 is read through the temperature display 12; the operating principle of the adopted turbo refrigeration system 10 is as follows: the compressed air is expanded and refrigerated, and the working process is as follows: the experimental device mainly intercepts a temperature range of-100 to-180 ℃ for experiment, a pressure regulating valve 19 is installed at a liquid nitrogen outlet end of a liquid nitrogen fracturing liquid injection container 14, and the pressure at the outlet end is regulated and then injected into a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system for liquid nitrogen fracturing simulation experiment.
The true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system is a traditional true triaxial fracturing experiment device and comprises a reaction kettle, a gas booster pump and a pressure transmission system, and three-way stress is applied to a rock sample in the closed reaction kettle.
The true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system is a traditional standard experiment device, and considering the ultralow temperature characteristic of liquid nitrogen, the conventional mode is not used when overburden pressure and confining pressure are applied to a rock core, the rigid loading mode of pressurization of a miniature hydraulic jack is used, the second pressure gauge 23 is used for monitoring and controlling the pressure value in real time, and the true stress condition is simulated to perform the fracturing experiment.
The parameter control and acquisition system comprises a control cabinet 21 and a data acquisition system 20, wherein the control cabinet 21 is connected with valves, thermometers and flowmeters in the liquid nitrogen pumping part, the temperature and pressure control part and the true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system.
The control cabinet 21 is connected with the gas booster pump 4, the turbine refrigerating system 10, the pressure regulating valve 19, each flow meter, each pressure gauge and each thermometer, controls the flow, pressure and experiment temperature of the pumped fluid through the data acquisition system 20 on the computer, monitors all experiment parameters in real time, and finally obtains a fracturing simulation curve.
In particular, a gas pressure reducing valve 26 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 and the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, and the pressure of the nitrogen generated by the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 is adjusted and controlled.
In particular, a gas flow meter 3 and a first stop valve 27 are arranged on a pipeline connecting the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 2 and the gas booster pump 4, and are used for measuring the gas flow in the pipeline in real time, and the first stop valve 27 is used for regulating the flow.
Specifically, a second stop valve 28 and a first pressure gauge 22 are arranged on a pipeline where the gas booster pump 4 is connected with the inlet three-way valve 5, the second stop valve 28 is used for adjusting the flow rate of the gas entering the inlet three-way valve 5, and the first pressure gauge 22 is used for measuring the pressure of the gas entering the inlet three-way valve 5.
Particularly, a fourth stop valve 30 and a first ultra-low temperature flowmeter 7 are arranged on a pipeline connecting the self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank 6 and the outlet three-way valve 9, and are respectively used for controlling the outflow of liquid nitrogen and monitoring the flow of the liquid nitrogen.
Particularly, a pressure regulating valve 19, a fifth stop valve 31, a second pressure gauge 23, a first ultra-low temperature thermometer 24 and a second ultra-low temperature flowmeter 18 are arranged on a pipeline connecting the outlet three-way valve 9 and the true triaxial fracturing experimental system 8.
Specifically, the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 is provided with a second ultra-low temperature thermometer 25 for detecting the actual temperature of the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid in the injection container 14.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental method for simulating the hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure comprises the following experimental steps by adopting the experimental device:
(1) making standard core, and filling
Cutting a shale rock sample into a standard size by using a rock core cutting machine, polishing the end face, and performing drilling hole and perforating hole casing adding treatment; loading the processed standard shale core into a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system and checking the tightness of the shale core;
(2) pressure-bearing and device air-tightness of connection inspection pipeline
Connecting all experimental device parts into the system according to the design of the experimental device, closing the emptying valve 11, the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30, checking the pressure and air tightness of the pipeline, and determining that the pressure is stabilized for 10min at 20MPa and the pressure drop is less than 0.1MPa, so that the safety experiment requirement is met; closing the gas pressure reducing valve 26, the first stop valve 27, the second stop valve 28 and the fifth stop valve 31, opening the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30, injecting a certain amount of liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 with the help of a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank with a liquid level meter system, and then closing the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30; starting a temperature and pressure control part, setting the experimental temperature to be-100 ℃, pre-cooling for 1.5 hours, setting a pressure regulating valve 19 to be the experimental pressure after the temperature in the low-temperature box 16 reaches a preset value, and then carrying out the next operation;
(3) filling liquid nitrogen and producing low temperature environment
Opening the gas pressure reducing valve 26, using the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 to make nitrogen gas with the purity of 99.99 percent, filling the nitrogen gas into the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, and closing the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 and the gas pressure reducing valve 26 when the gas amount in the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2 meets the requirement;
(4) core loading overburden pressure and confining pressure
Applying overburden pressure to a shale core installed in a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system, and loading confining pressure to reach a preset value;
(5) pumping high pressure nitrogen gas
Opening a first stop valve 27, a second stop valve 28 and a fifth stop valve 31, pressurizing gas exhausted from the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 2 to a preset value through a gas booster pump 4, and introducing the gas into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 according to a certain flow rate;
(6) liquid nitrogen is discharged, and the pressure transmission discharges the liquid nitrogen from the middle instrument and injects the liquid nitrogen into the fracturing simulation system
Injecting liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 into a shale core arranged in a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system under the action of pressure, and performing a liquid nitrogen fracturing simulation experiment;
(7) recording and drawing fracturing curve
The data acquisition system 20 records and displays data such as temperature, pressure, flow and the like in real time, when the fracturing curve shows that the fracturing of the shale core is completed, experimental data are stored, and meanwhile, the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, the turbine refrigerating system 10 and all valves in the device are closed;
(8) fracturing completion, pressure relief and liquid nitrogen back drainage
Opening a third stop valve 29 and an emptying valve 11 of the low-temperature box 16, discharging redundant gas in the experimental device, relieving pressure, and injecting liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid into the container 14, wherein residual liquid nitrogen flows back to the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 6;
(9) and (5) after the experiment is finished, observing the shape of the fractured rock core.
And after the experiment is finished, adjusting the parameters of the liquid nitrogen fracturing experiment according to the experiment result, and repeating the experiment process.
And if abnormal high pressure occurs in any part of pressure detection in the experiment, namely the condition of abnormal pressure building of the pipeline of the experimental device occurs, immediately ending the experiment to analyze the reason.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental method for simulating the hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure comprises the following experimental steps by adopting the experimental device:
(1) making standard core, and filling
Cutting a shale rock sample into a standard size by using a rock core cutting machine, polishing the end face, and performing drilling hole and perforating hole casing adding treatment; loading the processed standard shale core into a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system and checking the tightness of the shale core;
(2) pressure-bearing and device air-tightness of connection inspection pipeline
Connecting all experimental device parts into the system according to the design of the experimental device, closing the emptying valve 11, the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30, checking the pressure and air tightness of the pipeline, and determining that the pressure is stabilized for 10min at 20MPa and the pressure drop is less than 0.1MPa, so that the safety experiment requirement is met; closing the gas pressure reducing valve 26, the first stop valve 27, the second stop valve 28 and the fifth stop valve 31, opening the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30, injecting a certain amount of liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 with the help of a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank with a liquid level meter system, and then closing the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30; starting a temperature and pressure control part, setting the experimental temperature to be-180 ℃, pre-cooling for 1.5 hours, setting a pressure regulating valve 19 to be the experimental pressure after the temperature in the low-temperature box 16 reaches a preset value, and then carrying out the next operation;
(3) filling liquid nitrogen and producing low temperature environment
Opening the gas pressure reducing valve 26, using the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 to make nitrogen gas with the purity of 99.99 percent, filling the nitrogen gas into the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, and closing the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 and the gas pressure reducing valve 26 when the gas amount in the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2 meets the requirement;
(4) core loading overburden pressure and confining pressure
Applying overburden pressure to a shale core installed in a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system, and loading confining pressure to reach a preset value;
(5) pumping high pressure nitrogen gas
Opening a first stop valve 27, a second stop valve 28 and a fifth stop valve 31, pressurizing gas exhausted from the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 2 to a preset value through a gas booster pump 4, and introducing the gas into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 according to a certain flow rate;
(6) liquid nitrogen is discharged, and the pressure transmission discharges the liquid nitrogen from the middle instrument and injects the liquid nitrogen into the fracturing simulation system
Injecting liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 into a shale core arranged in a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system under the action of pressure, and performing a liquid nitrogen fracturing simulation experiment;
(7) recording and drawing fracturing curve
The data acquisition system 20 records and displays data such as temperature, pressure, flow and the like in real time, when the fracturing curve shows that the fracturing of the shale core is completed, experimental data are stored, and meanwhile, the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, the turbine refrigerating system 10 and all valves in the device are closed;
(8) fracturing completion, pressure relief and liquid nitrogen back drainage
Opening a third stop valve 29 and an emptying valve 11 of the low-temperature box 16, discharging redundant gas in the experimental device, relieving pressure, and injecting liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid into the container 14, wherein residual liquid nitrogen flows back to the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 6;
(9) and (5) after the experiment is finished, observing the shape of the fractured rock core.
And after the experiment is finished, adjusting the parameters of the liquid nitrogen fracturing experiment according to the experiment result, and repeating the experiment process.
And if abnormal high pressure occurs in any part of pressure detection in the experiment, namely the condition of abnormal pressure building of the pipeline of the experimental device occurs, immediately ending the experiment to analyze the reason.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental method for simulating the hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure comprises the following experimental steps by adopting the experimental device:
(1) making standard core, and filling
Cutting a shale rock sample into a standard size by using a rock core cutting machine, polishing the end face, and performing drilling hole and perforating hole casing adding treatment; loading the processed standard shale core into a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system and checking the tightness of the shale core;
(2) pressure-bearing and device air-tightness of connection inspection pipeline
Connecting all experimental device parts into the system according to the design of the experimental device, closing the emptying valve 11, the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30, checking the pressure and air tightness of the pipeline, and determining that the pressure is stabilized for 10min at 20MPa and the pressure drop is less than 0.1MPa, so that the safety experiment requirement is met; closing the gas pressure reducing valve 26, the first stop valve 27, the second stop valve 28 and the fifth stop valve 31, opening the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30, injecting a certain amount of liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 with the help of a self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank with a liquid level meter system, and then closing the third stop valve 29 and the fourth stop valve 30; starting a temperature and pressure control part, setting the experimental temperature to be-150 ℃, pre-cooling for 1.5 hours, setting a pressure regulating valve 19 to be the experimental pressure after the temperature in the low-temperature box 16 reaches a preset value, and then carrying out the next operation;
(3) filling liquid nitrogen and producing low temperature environment
Opening the gas pressure reducing valve 26, using the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 to make nitrogen gas with the purity of 99.99 percent, filling the nitrogen gas into the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, and closing the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine 1 and the gas pressure reducing valve 26 when the gas amount in the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2 meets the requirement;
(4) core loading overburden pressure and confining pressure
Applying overburden pressure to a shale core installed in a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system, and loading confining pressure to reach a preset value;
(5) pumping high pressure nitrogen gas
Opening a first stop valve 27, a second stop valve 28 and a fifth stop valve 31, pressurizing gas exhausted from the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 2 to a preset value through a gas booster pump 4, and introducing the gas into the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 according to a certain flow rate;
(6) liquid nitrogen is discharged, and the pressure transmission discharges the liquid nitrogen from the middle instrument and injects the liquid nitrogen into the fracturing simulation system
Injecting liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container 14 into a shale core arranged in a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system under the action of pressure, and performing a liquid nitrogen fracturing simulation experiment;
(7) recording and drawing fracturing curve
The data acquisition system 20 records and displays data such as temperature, pressure, flow and the like in real time, when the fracturing curve shows that the fracturing of the shale core is completed, experimental data are stored, and meanwhile, the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank 2, the turbine refrigerating system 10 and all valves in the device are closed;
(8) fracturing completion, pressure relief and liquid nitrogen back drainage
Opening a third stop valve 29 and an emptying valve 11 of the low-temperature box 16, discharging redundant gas in the experimental device, relieving pressure, and injecting liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid into the container 14, wherein residual liquid nitrogen flows back to the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank 6;
(9) and (5) after the experiment is finished, observing the shape of the fractured rock core.
And after the experiment is finished, adjusting the parameters of the liquid nitrogen fracturing experiment according to the experiment result, and repeating the experiment process.
And if abnormal high pressure occurs in any part of pressure detection in the experiment, namely the condition of abnormal pressure building of the pipeline of the experimental device occurs, immediately ending the experiment to analyze the reason.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The liquid nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure is characterized by comprising a liquid nitrogen pumping part, a temperature and pressure control part, a true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system and a parameter control and data acquisition system which are connected.
2. The experimental apparatus for simulating hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen pumping part comprises a pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator, a pressure stabilizing gas storage tank and an auto-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank, the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen generator is connected with the top of the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank through a pipeline, the bottom of the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank is connected with the inlet of the gas booster pump through a pipeline, the outlet of the gas booster pump is connected with the inlet of the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container in the low temperature tank through an inlet three-way valve, and the other valve of the inlet three-way valve is connected with the exhaust pipe; the self-pressurization type liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the outlet end of the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container through an outlet three-way valve, and the other valve of the outlet three-way valve is connected with the true triaxial fracturing experiment system.
3. The experimental device for simulating the anhydrous fracturing of liquid nitrogen under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature and pressure control part comprises a low-temperature box and a turbine refrigerating system which are connected, a high-density polyurethane foam heat-insulating layer is paved on the inner wall of the low-temperature box, and a temperature regulating valve, a temperature display and a blow-down valve are arranged on the low-temperature box.
4. The hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system is a traditional true triaxial fracturing experiment device, and comprises a reaction kettle, a gas booster pump and a pressure transmission system.
5. The hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameter control and data acquisition system comprises a control cabinet and a data acquisition system, and the control cabinet is connected with the liquid nitrogen pumping part, the temperature and pressure control part and the true triaxial fracturing experiment simulation system.
6. The hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 2, wherein a gas pressure reducing valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen making machine and the pressure stabilizing gas storage tank.
7. The experimental device for simulating the anhydrous fracturing of liquid nitrogen under different temperatures and pressures as claimed in claim 6, wherein a gas flow meter and a first stop valve are arranged on a pipeline connecting the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank and the gas booster pump.
8. The hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 7, wherein a second stop valve and a first pressure gauge are arranged on a pipeline of the gas booster pump connected with the inlet three-way valve.
9. The experimental device for simulating the hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 2, wherein a fourth stop valve and a first ultralow temperature flowmeter are arranged on a pipeline connecting the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank and the outlet three-way valve.
10. The hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing simulation experiment device under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pipeline connecting the outlet three-way valve and the true triaxial fracturing experiment system is provided with a pressure regulating valve, a fifth stop valve, a second pressure gauge, a first ultra-low temperature thermometer and a second ultra-low temperature flowmeter.
11. The experimental device for simulating the anhydrous fracturing of liquid nitrogen under different temperature and pressure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second ultralow temperature thermometer is arranged on the liquid nitrogen fracturing fluid injection container.
12. A simulation experiment method for hydraulic nitrogen anhydrous fracturing under different temperature and pressure by adopting the experiment device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, which is characterized by comprising the following experiment steps:
(1) manufacturing a standard rock core and filling;
(2) connecting and checking pipeline pressure bearing and device air tightness;
(3) filling liquid nitrogen to manufacture a low-temperature environment;
(4) loading overburden rock stratum pressure and confining pressure on a rock core;
(5) pumping high-pressure nitrogen;
(6) discharging liquid nitrogen, and injecting the liquid nitrogen into a fracturing simulation system;
(7) recording and drawing a fracturing curve;
(8) after fracturing is finished, pressure is released and liquid nitrogen is reversely discharged;
(9) and (5) observing the shape of the core after the experiment is finished.
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| CN113156079A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 西安科技大学 | Liquid nitrogen immersion coal sample crack space-time evolution and mechanical parameter testing experimental device |
| CN113309519A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Shale anhydrous fracturing method for liquid nitrogen presplitting and nitrogen fracturing |
| CN113591420A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation method and processor for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiment |
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| CN106840911A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of liquid nitrogen temperature-control pressure-control freezing-thawing damage shale experimental provision and method |
| CN106959246A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen and method |
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| CN106840911A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-06-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of liquid nitrogen temperature-control pressure-control freezing-thawing damage shale experimental provision and method |
| CN106959246A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of anhydrous fracture simulation experimental provision of liquid nitrogen and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113156079A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 西安科技大学 | Liquid nitrogen immersion coal sample crack space-time evolution and mechanical parameter testing experimental device |
| CN113309519A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Shale anhydrous fracturing method for liquid nitrogen presplitting and nitrogen fracturing |
| CN113309519B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Shale anhydrous fracturing method for liquid nitrogen presplitting and nitrogen fracturing |
| CN113591420A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation method and processor for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiment |
| CN113591420B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-05-13 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation method and processor for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiment |
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