CN106946850A - 一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents

一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106946850A
CN106946850A CN201710086603.1A CN201710086603A CN106946850A CN 106946850 A CN106946850 A CN 106946850A CN 201710086603 A CN201710086603 A CN 201710086603A CN 106946850 A CN106946850 A CN 106946850A
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李庆
慈振华
张成新
石宇
刘英瑞
杨伟
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Abstract

本发明属于有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料及其应用,该材料其特征在于,包括具有式(1)所示的结构,其中,R1、R2分别独立选自氢原子、C3~C30的取代或者非取代的咔唑基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的芳胺基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩噻嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩噁嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吖啶基团中的任意一种,R1、R2不同时为氢;R3选自氢或者C1~C10的脂肪族直链或者支链烷烃中的任意一种,本发明提供的该材料性质稳定,具良好的发光性能,作为发光材料,应用于有机电致发光器件中。

Description

一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料及其应用。
背景技术
热激活延迟荧光(TADF)是一种特殊的荧光现象,其发光原理是三线态T1激子在热激活作用下反向系间窜越生成单线态S1激子,S1激子辐射跃迁产生荧光,由于早期的TADF分子荧光效率低下,因此并未得到足够的重视,2009年,日本九州大学Adachi课题组首次在锡配合物中观测到TADF现象,并经过不懈的努力,2012年,Adachi课题组以咔唑为给体,二氰基苯为受体,设计合成了一系列具有不同颜色的TADF分子,其中绿光分子4CzIPN的发光性能最为优越,器件的外量子效率为19.3±1.5%,器件的激子利用率达到了100%,其研究成果发表在同年nature期刊。之后,TADF引起了研究人员的广泛关注,Kim等进一步优化了4CzIPN的器件结构,使得器件的电流效率达到了94.5cd/A,功率效率为88.6lm/W,外量子效率29.6%,器件效率接近了磷光器件的最好水平,是目前为止报道的效率最高的荧光器件。
不过,TADF分子的器件效率滚降比较严重,并且器件的荧光寿命较低,绿光材料和蓝光材料已经取得了突破性进展,不过高性能的红光TADF分子目前仍然缺乏。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料及其应用,应用于有机电致领域发光材料具有很好的热力学稳定性、较高的玻璃化转变温度、良好的成膜性。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种新型热激活延迟荧光有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)所示的结构,
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自氢原子、C3~C30的取代或者非取代的咔唑基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的芳胺基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩噻嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩噁嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吖啶基团中的任意一种,R1、R2不同时为氢;R3选自氢或者C1~C10的脂肪族直链或者支链烷烃中的任意一种。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。
R1、R2分别独立的选自以下结构:
本发明提供一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
本发明还提供一种有机电致发光器件,包括至少一层含有上述一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料的功能层。
进一步,所述功能层为发光层。
进一步,所述新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料作为蓝色发光材料制成发光层或绿色发光材料制成发光层。
进一步,所述有机电致发光器件为OLED器件。
下列化合物C01-C48,是符合本发明精神和原则的代表结构,应当理解,以下化合物结构,只是为了更好地理解本发明,并非是对本发明的限制。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料,该材料具有良好的发光性能,热力学稳定性、较高的玻璃化转变温度。
本发明还提供一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料在有机电致发光领域中的应用。所述热激活延迟荧光发光材料作为蓝光或绿光掺杂材料。
将上述材料作为绿光掺杂材料用于有机电致发光领域,尤其是用于有机电致发光器件的发光层。在具体的应用的过程中,所述实施过程与结果,只是为了更好地解释本发明,并非是对本发明的限制。
本发明使用上述热激活延迟荧光的OLED器件,该电致发光器件具有启亮电压低、发光效率高、稳定性好、使用寿命长等优点,进而使得该热激活延迟荧光材料具有很好的产业化前景,以本发明提供的材料作为功能层,制作有机电致发光器件。
以绿光OLED器件为例,一般包括依次叠加的ITO导电玻璃衬底(阳极)、空穴注入层(HATCN)、空穴传输层(TAPC)、发光层(本发明涉及的有机电致发光材料)、电子传输层(TmPyPB)、电子注入层(LiF)和阴极层(Al)。所有功能层均采用真空蒸镀工艺制成。该类器件中所用到的一些有机化合物的分子结构式如下所示。
本发明中,器件的功能层并不限于使用上述材料,这些材料可以用其它材料代替,以期待进一步改善器件性能,如空穴传输层可以用NPB等代替,电子传输层可以用TpPyPB、TPBi等代替,这些材料的分子结构式如下:
应当理解,本发明中制作OLED器件的目的,只是为了更好地说明,本发明中所述材料所具有良好的发光性能,而并非是对本发明所述材料应用范围的限制。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图,由下层至上层,依次为101、ITO导电玻璃衬底,102、空穴注入层,103、空穴传输层,104、发光层,105、电子传输层,106、电子注入层,107、阴极层,其中,发光层涉及到本发明所述的有机电致发光材料。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1:中间体M1的制备
将4-溴吡啶(15.8g,0.1mol)、干燥四氢呋喃(79g)引入250mL锥形瓶中,搅拌溶清,待用。
氮气保护条件下,向250mL三口烧瓶中引入5mL上述已配制好4-溴吡啶的四氢呋喃溶液。浴温设置为65℃,搅拌升温,引入2粒碘引发反应。引发毕,开始滴加剩余4-溴吡啶的四氢呋喃溶液,控制滴速,保持内温小于65℃。滴加完毕,保温反应2h。保温毕,滴加溶有2,5-二溴-3,6-二甲基对苯二甲醛(16.0g,0.05mol)的四氢呋喃(32mL)溶液。滴加完毕,内温小于65℃条件下继续搅拌5h。50mL饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,水解生成相应的醇类中间体。分液,保留上层有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,直接过柱,过柱液脱溶剂,得到20.6g类白色粉末状固体。
冰水浴条件下,向250mL三口瓶内加入上述醇类中间体(9.56g,0.02mol),100mL二氯甲烷,分子筛,氯铬酸吡啶(12.9g,0.06mol),冰水浴条件下搅拌0.5h,之后移至室温25℃条件下继续搅拌3h。抽滤,滤液脱溶剂。硅胶柱层析分离得到7.0g白色晶体M1,收率:74%。
质谱MS(m/e),分子式C20H14Br2N2O2,理论值473.9,测试值474.8。
元素分析(C20H14Br2N2O2),理论值:C,50.66%;H,2.98%;Br,33.70%;N,5.91%;O,6.75%;实测值:C,50.64%;H,3.00%;Br,33.72%;N,5.90%;O,6.74%。
实施例2:中间体M2的制备
采用与实施例1相类似的方法,使用等当量的2-溴吡啶代替4-溴吡啶,其他条件不变,得到中间体M2,白色晶体7.2g,收率75.9%。
质谱MS(m/e),分子式C20H14Br2N2O2,理论值473.9,测试值474.8。
元素分析(C20H14Br2N2O2),理论值:C,50.66%;H,2.98%;Br,33.70%;N,5.91%;O,6.75%;实测值:C,50.65%;H,3.02%;Br,33.69%;N,5.91%;O,6.73%。
实施例3:中间体M3的制备
采用与实施例1相类似的方法,使用等当量的2,5-二溴-3,6-二异丙基对苯二甲醛代替2,5-二溴-3,6-二甲基对苯二甲醛,其他条件不变,得到中间体M3,白色晶体8.7g,收率82%。
质谱MS(m/e),分子式C24H22Br2N2O2,理论值528.0,测试值529.1。
元素分析(C24H22Br2N2O2),理论值C,54.36%;H,4.18%;Br,30.14%;N,5.28%;O,6.03%;实测值C,54.35%;H,4.20%;Br,30.17%;N,5.26%;O,6.02%。
实施例4:中间体M4的制备
采用与实施例1相类似的方法,使用等当量的2-溴吡啶代替4-溴吡啶,2,5-二溴-3,6-二异丙基对苯二甲醛代替2,5-二溴-3,6-二甲基对苯二甲醛,其他条件不变,得到中间体M4,白色晶体9.1g,收率85.8%。
质谱MS(m/e),分子式C24H22Br2N2O2,理论值528.0,测试值529.1。
元素分析(C24H22Br2N2O2),理论值C,54.36%;H,4.18%;Br,30.14%;N,5.28%;O,6.03%;实测值C,54.35%;H,4.20%;Br,30.17%;N,5.26%;O,6.02%。
实施例5:中间体M5的制备
采用与实施例1相类似的方法,使用等当量的2,5-二溴-3,6-二叔丁基对苯二甲醛代替2,5-二溴-3,6-二甲基对苯二甲醛,其他条件不变,得到中间体M5,白色晶体7.9g,收率70.7%。
质谱MS(m/e),分子式C26H26Br2N2O2,理论值556.0,测试值557.0。
元素分析(C26H26Br2N2O2),理论值C,55.93%;H,4.69%;Br,28.62%;N,5.02%;O,5.73%;实测值C,55.92%;H,4.68%;Br,28.63%;N,5.01%;O,5.76%。
实施例6:中间体M6的制备
采用与实施例1相类似的方法,使用等当量的2-溴吡啶代替4-溴吡啶,等当量的2,5-二溴-3,6-二叔丁基对苯二甲醛代替2,5-二溴-3,6-二甲基对苯二甲醛,其他条件不变,得到中间体M6,白色晶体9.3g,收率83.3%。
质谱MS(m/e),分子式C26H26Br2N2O2,理论值556.0,测试值557.1。
元素分析(C26H26Br2N2O2),理论值C,55.93%;H,4.69%;Br,28.62%;N,5.02%;O,5.73%;实测值C,55.94%;H,4.67%;Br,28.65%;N,5.01%;O,5.73%。
实施例7:化合物C1的制备
氮气保护环境下,依次向250ml三口瓶中加入M1(4.74g,0.01mol)、咔唑(3.68g,0.022mol)、邻二甲苯(100mL)、叔丁醇钠(3.84g,0.04mol),室温搅拌15min后,加入醋酸钯(45mg,0.2mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯(S-phos)(168mg,0.4mmol)。浴温设置为140-150℃,氮气保护下搅拌反应8-12.0h,TLC监测原料反应完全后降温至室温。水洗有机相至中性,分液,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,抽滤,滤液脱溶剂。柱层析提纯,提纯分离得到2.7g浅黄色粉末状固体,收率37%。
实施例8:化合物C7的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的3,6-二叔丁基咔唑代替咔唑,等摩尔当量的M2代替M1,其他条件不变,得到C7,黄色粉末状固体4.1g,收率47.1%。
实施例9:化合物C9的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的9,9-二甲基吖啶代替咔唑,其他条件不变,得到C9,浅黄色粉末状固体2.4g,收率32.8%。
实施例10:化合物C13的制备
采用与实施例9相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的M2代替M1,其他条件不变,得到C13,浅黄色粉末状固体3.4g,收率46.5%。
实施例11:化合物C18的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的5,7-二氢-7,7-二甲基-茚并[2,1-B]咔唑代替咔唑,其他条件不变,得到C18,亮黄色粉末状固体5.1g,收率58%。
实施例12:化合物C29的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的9'H-9,3':6',9”-三咔唑代替咔唑,溶剂使用等体积均三甲苯代替邻二甲苯,反应温度设为160-170℃,其他条件不变,得到C29,黄色粉末状固体2.8g,收率21.4%。
实施例13:化合物C33的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的M3代替M1,其他条件不变,得到C33,黄色粉末状固体4.7g,收率67%。
实施例14:化合物C37的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的M5代替M1,其他条件不变,得到C37,黄色粉末状固体5.2g,收率71.2%。
实施例15:化合物C47的制备
采用与实施例7相类似的方法,使用等摩尔当量的M6代替M1,等摩尔当量的9,9-二甲基吖啶代替咔唑,其他条件不变,得到C47,黄色粉末状固体4.2g,收率51.5%。
化合物质谱和元素分析:
下面是本发明化合物的应用实施例:
实施例16:制备器件一至器件九
制备方法:
a)清洗ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃:分别用去离子水、丙酮、乙醇超声清洗ITO玻璃各30分钟,然后在等离子体清洗器中处理5分钟;
b)在阳极ITO玻璃上真空蒸镀空穴注入层HAT-CN,厚度为10nm;
c)在空穴注入层之上真空蒸镀空穴传输层TAPC,厚度为30nm;
d)在空穴传输层之上,真空蒸镀发光层mCP:7%wt本发明化合物,厚度为20nm;
e)在发光层之上,真空混合蒸镀作为电子传输层的TmPyPB,厚度为30nm;
f)在电子传输层之上,真空蒸镀电子注入层LiF,厚度为1nm;
g)在电子注入层之上,真空蒸镀阴极Al,厚度为100nm。
器件的结构为ITO/HAT-CN(10nm)/TAPC(30nm)/mCP:7%wt本发明化合物(20nm)/TmPyPB(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),真空蒸镀过程中,压力<4.0×10-4Pa,所得器件的测试结果见表1所示。
表1器件光电数据表
如表1所示,基于本发明热激活延迟荧光材料制备的有机电致发光器件,展示了较好的发光性能,器件启亮电压2.9-3.4V,最大亮度27240-40785cd/m2,最大电流效率25.6-45.6cd/A,最大功率效率29.8-42.9lm/W。其中,以化合物C37作为主体材料,器件启亮电压为3.1V,最大亮度40785cd/m2,最大功率效率42.9lm/W,最大电流效率45.6cd/A,表现出优异的器件性能。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施例,并不是对本发明的限制。本发明旨在提供一种热激活延迟荧光有机电致发光材料,以本发明所提供的材料制作的电致发光器件,器件性能有进一步提升的空间,如使用其它材料代替TAPC作为空穴传输层,使用其他材料代替TmPyPB作为电子传输层,使用其他掺杂的方式制作发光层等,类似改进都应该被理解为,属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (6)

1.一种新型热激活延迟荧光有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)所示的结构,
其中,R1、R2分别独立选自氢原子、C3~C30的取代或者非取代的咔唑基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的芳胺基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩噻嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩噁嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吩嗪基团、C3~C30取代或者非取代的吖啶基团中的任意一种,R1、R2不同时为氢;R3选自氢或者C1~C10的脂肪族直链或者支链烷烃中的任意一种。
2.一种如权利要求1所述一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
3.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,包括至少一层含有如权利要求1所述一种新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料的功能层。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述功能层为发光层。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述新型热激活延迟荧光发光材料作为蓝色发光材料制成发光层或绿色发光材料制成发光层。
6.根据权利要求3所述一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件为OLED器件。
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