CN106935854A - 一种用于锂电池的碳材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical class ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GRSQYISVQKPZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl GRSQYISVQKPZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RMZZAEDPBSKZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobutane Chemical class CC(Cl)C(Cl)CCl RMZZAEDPBSKZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 7
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 ABVN Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255964 Pieridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于锂电池的碳材料及其制备方法,通过在碳材料表面包覆一层聚合物,然后在聚合物的位点上接枝磺酸锂基团,由于聚合物对碳材料的包覆量较大,导致磺酸锂基团的接枝量也较大。碳材料上接枝磺酸锂基团有助于提升其亲水性,增强它在溶剂中的分散性,同时增强了电子导电性及离子电导率。最后锂化处理得到含锂化磺酸基的碳材料,锂化磺酸基的接枝量较大,对于其在锂电池中的应用有着重要的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于锂电池的碳材料及其制备方法,属于化学领域。
背景技术
随着当今社会移动便携式设备的需求日益增加,能量密度高,循环寿命长且无污染的可充电锂电池越来越受到科研人员的关注,改善锂电池的电化学性能,寻求合适的电极材料,探究新的锂电池体系,一直是电池研究领域的热点。
碳材料作为锂电池中常用的一种材料,不但可用于锂离子电池中的负极,如钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂为正极的电池中采用石墨为负极,通过锂离子在石墨中的嵌入嵌出发生氧化还原作用,产生电量;还能在锂金属电池中制备正极材料,如锂硫电池中的碳硫复合材料,通过碳材料的高导电性,为不导电的单质硫氧化还原作用提供电荷传递,从而形成循环。然而,由于碳材料上官能团的缺失,具有一定的疏水性,在一般溶剂中不溶解,分散性差,容易团聚,导致加工困难,同时,以碳基材料为主的电池负极,由于石墨材料的理论容量仅为372mA h g-1,存在着比容量低,首次充放电效率低,有机溶剂共嵌入等不足,导致电池的储锂量低及锂脱嵌可逆性差,最终影响电池的容量及循环性能。
为了解决锂电池中碳材料的这些问题,科研工作者通过对碳材料进行表面改性的方式,提升其分散性,如强酸或强氧化剂氧化法(J.Liu.et al.Science 1998,280,1253-1256),通过在碳材料表面引入羧基,然后经过酰化等反应进一步引入羟基、氨基、溴基等反应性基团;通过将碳材料与其他材料进行复合制备电池负极,如中国专利CN102751503A公布了一种碳/锡酸锂/石墨烯复合负极材料,由于石墨烯、锡酸锂的掺入,有效缓解了充放电所引起的体积变化,抑制锂脱嵌时碳材料的团聚,避免电极材料容量衰减过快。
在碳材料上接枝锂化磺酸基不但在一定程度上增强其亲水性,提高它在溶剂中的分散性,还增强了电子导电性及离子电导率,提升电池容量及循环性能。传统的接枝锂化磺酸基的方法是通过在乙酸酐与浓硫酸混合溶液中加热处理得到磺酸化的碳材料,然后进行锂化处理,该方法由于接枝量较少,改性程度十分有限。本发明提供了一种制备含锂化磺酸基的碳材料的新方法,通过在碳材料表面包覆一层聚合物,然后再通过聚合物上的位点接枝磺酸基团,最后锂化得到锂化磺酸基,由于聚合物对碳材料的包覆量较大,从而导致锂化磺酸基的接枝量得到提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于锂电池的含锂化磺酸基的碳材料及其制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案:用于锂电池的碳材料及其制备方法步骤如下:
取质量比为1∶0.01~0.25的碳材料与聚合物单体按固液比为1∶30~50加入到分散剂中进行分散,然后用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加用同样分散剂分散的引发剂,聚合物单体与引发剂的比例为质量比1∶1~5,以100~1000转/分钟的转速搅拌加热至40~200℃反应1~48小时,得到聚合物包覆的碳材料,然后按固液比为1∶30~50将该复合材料分散于有机溶剂中,缓慢滴入同样有机溶剂溶解的氯磺酸,聚合物单体与氯磺酸的质量比为1∶0.1~0.8,有机溶剂氯磺酸的质量比为1∶0.01~0.1,以100~1000转/分钟的转速搅拌加热至40~200℃反应1~48小时,最后用锂化试剂对其进行锂化处理,得到含锂化磺酸基质量分数为0.01%~20%的改性碳材料;
碳材料为微孔碳、活性碳、生物碳、中孔炭、介孔碳、大孔碳、介孔微孔碳、大孔微孔碳、大孔介孔碳、大孔介孔微孔碳、石墨、石墨烯、纤维碳、碳黑、碳纳米管或乙炔黑;聚合物为聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚多巴胺、聚吡咯或聚丙烯腈;引发剂为过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酰或叔丁基过氧化氢;分散剂为稀盐酸、稀硫酸、稀硝酸或水;有机溶剂为氯乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯丙烷或1,2,3-三氯丁烷;锂化试剂为金属锂、氢氧化锂、氧化锂或碳酸锂。
本发明的有益效果:通过在碳材料上包覆一层聚合物,然后在聚合物上接枝磺酸基团,最后锂化处理得到含锂化磺酸基的碳材料,由于碳材料上聚合物的包覆量较大,所以锂化磺酸基的接枝量也较大,这对于其在锂电池中的应用有着重要的作用。
附图说明
图1含锂化磺酸基碳材料的结构示意图
图2含锂化磺酸基碳纳米管的扫描电镜图
具体实施方式
实施例1
称取5g多壁碳纳米管置于三口瓶中,依次加入100ml1mol/L的盐酸,0.5g苯胺,超声分散1h,再放入冰水浴中冷却搅拌20min,用滴液漏斗加入50ml1mol/L盐酸溶解的1g过硫酸铵,滴完后冰水浴环境下反应5h,产物分别经盐酸,蒸馏水过滤洗涤至中性,得到表面包覆聚苯胺的碳纳米管。取包覆聚苯胺的碳纳米管分散于150ml1,2-二氯乙烷中,超声分散1h后,将0.3g氯磺酸溶解于1,2-二氯乙烷中并滴入反应体系,滴加时间0.5h,温度75℃,滴完后继续反应4h并快速搅拌,真空抽滤,依次用乙醇,去离子水洗涤至滤液为无色,再将该复合物浸入适量水中70℃反应4h,降温后加入氢氧化锂进行常温搅拌2h,得到含锂化磺酸基的碳纳米管。
实施例2
称取5g石墨烯置于三口瓶中,依次加入100ml1mol/L的盐酸,0.5g多巴胺,超声分散1h,再放入冰水浴中冷却搅拌20min,用滴液漏斗加入50ml1mol/L盐酸溶解的1g过硫酸钾,滴完后冰水浴环境下反应10h,产物分别经盐酸,蒸馏水过滤洗涤至中性,得到表面包覆聚多巴胺的石墨烯。取包覆聚多巴胺的石墨烯分散于250ml1,2-二氯乙烷中,超声分散1h后,将0.5g氯磺酸溶解于1,2-二氯乙烷中并滴入反应体系,滴加时间1h,温度75℃,滴完后继续反应6h并快速搅拌,真空抽滤,依次用乙醇,去离子水洗涤至滤液为无色,再将该复合物浸入适量水中70℃反应4h,降温后加入氢氧化锂进行常温搅拌2h,得到含锂化磺酸基的石墨烯。
实施例3
称取5g乙炔黑置于三口瓶中,依次加入200ml1mol/L的盐酸,0.5g苯胺,超声分散1h,再放入冰水浴中冷却搅拌20min,用滴液漏斗加入50ml1mol/L盐酸溶解的1g过硫酸钠,滴完后冰水浴环境下反应10h,产物分别经盐酸,蒸馏水过滤洗涤至中性,得到表面包覆聚苯胺的乙炔黑。取包覆聚苯胺的乙炔黑分散于150ml1,2-二氯乙烷中,超声分散1h后,将0.3g氯磺酸溶解于1,2-二氯乙烷中并滴入反应体系,滴加时间1h,温度75℃,滴完后继续反应6h并快速搅拌,真空抽滤,依次用乙醇,去离子水洗涤至滤液为无色,再将该复合物浸入适量水中70℃反应4h,降温后加入氧化锂进行常温搅拌2h,得到含锂化磺酸基的乙炔黑。
实施例4
称取5g活性炭置于三口瓶中,依次加入200ml1mol/L的盐酸,0.5g吡咯,超声分散1h,再放入冰水浴中冷却搅拌20min,用滴液漏斗加入50ml1mol/L盐酸溶解的1g过硫酸铵,滴完后冰水浴环境下反应10h,产物分别经盐酸,蒸馏水过滤洗涤至中性,得到表面包覆聚吡咯的碳纳米管。取包覆聚吡咯的活性炭分散于150ml1,2-二氯乙烷中,超声分散1h后,将0.3g氯磺酸溶解于1,2-二氯乙烷中并滴入反应体系,滴加时间1h,温度75℃,滴完后继续反应6h并快速搅拌,真空抽滤,依次用乙醇,去离子水洗涤至滤液为无色,再将该复合物浸入适量水中70℃反应4h,降温后加入氧化锂进行常温搅拌2h,得到含锂化磺酸基的活性炭。
实施例5
称取5g科琴碳置于三口瓶中,依次加入100ml1mol/L的盐酸,0.5g苯胺,超声分散1h,再放入冰水浴中冷却搅拌20min,用滴液漏斗加入50ml1mol/L盐酸溶解的1g过硫酸铵,滴完后冰水浴环境下反应12h,产物分别经盐酸,蒸馏水过滤洗涤至中性,得到表面包覆聚苯胺的科琴碳。取包覆聚苯胺的科琴碳分散于150ml1,2-二氯乙烷中,超声分散1h后,将0.3g氯磺酸溶解于1,2-二氯乙烷中并滴入反应体系,滴加时间0.5h,温度75℃,滴完后继续反应12h并快速搅拌,真空抽滤,依次用乙醇,去离子水洗涤至滤液为无色,再将该复合物浸入适量水中70℃反应6h,降温后加入氢氧化锂进行常温搅拌2h,得到含锂化磺酸基的科琴碳。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于锂电池的碳材料及其制备方法,其特征在于该制备方法步骤如下:
取质量比为1∶0.01~0.25的碳材料与聚合物单体按固液比为1∶30~50加入到分散剂中进行分散,然后用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加用同样分散剂分散的引发剂,聚合物单体与引发剂的比例为质量比1∶1~5,以100~1000转/分钟的转速搅拌加热至40~200℃反应1~48小时,得到聚合物包覆的碳材料,然后按固液比为1∶30~50将该复合材料分散于有机溶剂中,缓慢滴入同样有机溶剂溶解的氯磺酸,聚合物单体与氯磺酸的质量比为1∶0.1~0.8,有机溶剂氯磺酸的质量比为1∶0.01~0.1,以100~1000转/分钟的转速搅拌加热至40~200℃反应1~48小时,最后用锂化试剂对其进行锂化处理,得到含锂化磺酸基质量分数为0.01%~20%的改性碳材料;
所述碳材料为微孔碳、活性碳、生物碳、中孔炭、介孔碳、大孔碳、介孔微孔碳、大孔微孔碳、大孔介孔碳、大孔介孔微孔碳、石墨、石墨烯、纤维碳、碳黑、碳纳米管或乙炔黑;
所述聚合物为聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚多巴胺、聚吡咯或聚丙烯腈;
所述引发剂为过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酰或叔丁基过氧化氢;
所述分散剂为稀盐酸、稀硫酸、稀硝酸或水;
所述有机溶剂为氯乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯丙烷或1,2,3-三氯丁烷;
所述锂化试剂为金属锂、氢氧化锂、氧化锂或碳酸锂。
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