CN1069265C - 拉伸包装用多层膜 - Google Patents

拉伸包装用多层膜 Download PDF

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CN1069265C
CN1069265C CN96107858A CN96107858A CN1069265C CN 1069265 C CN1069265 C CN 1069265C CN 96107858 A CN96107858 A CN 96107858A CN 96107858 A CN96107858 A CN 96107858A CN 1069265 C CN1069265 C CN 1069265C
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lldpe
film
melting point
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松永孝治
三浦敬一
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Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd
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    • C08J5/18Manufacture of films or sheets
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    • C08F10/00Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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    • Y10T428/269Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31913Monoolefin polymer

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Abstract

由作为一种基材的线型低密度聚乙烯薄膜组成的拉伸包装薄膜,所述线性低密度聚乙烯具有如下性质:熔流速度(190℃)为0.3~8g/10min;密度为0.900~0.918g/cm3;分子量分布(Mw/Mn)2~6;差示扫描量热法测得存在两个或两个以上的熔点,最高熔点Tm1为118~125℃,最高熔点Tm1的峰高Tm 1H与邻近熔点峰高Tm 2H之比(即,Tm 1H/Tm 2H)为1.3或更低。

Description

拉伸包装用多层膜
本发明涉及一种由线型低密度聚乙烯获得的、并用于拉伸包装的薄膜。
已提出过几种拉伸包装方法,即将可拉伸的带状塑料薄膜缠绕在要包装的制品上,根据已知的拉伸方法(例如日本审查专利出版物(KOKOKU)Nos.57-13442和58-7524)在拉伸薄膜时完成包装。在这些方法中,高拉伸薄膜用于高拉伸包装或异型包装。
在先有技术中用于拉伸包装的这种薄膜的实例是低密度聚乙烯、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和线型低密聚乙烯。
根据先有技术的方法,拉伸包装机在包装过程中只能拉伸薄膜约30%,而目前,为了减少包装费用,提出了一种能拉伸约300%的拉伸包装机。但是,由上述低密度聚乙烯或乙烯—乙酸乙烯酯共聚物组成的单层或复合层拉伸薄膜只能被拉伸到约150%的极限,因此在较高程度拉伸时出现薄膜可能破裂的问题。
同样,在线型低密度聚乙烯制成的薄膜的情况下,拉伸300%或更高条件的调整是困难的,并且即使能拉伸300%或更高在包装后也会施加到所包装在制品上许多应力,因此会使包装后制品产生形变,或薄膜被拉伸成不规则形状。这样包装后的外观变成不合需要。为了解决这个问题,可降低线型低密度聚乙烯的密度,但是如果仅仅降低密度,原材料料粒或薄膜会变得很粘,因而在其生产过程中和在包装后包装品的处理中产生一些问题。此外,虽然拉伸薄膜具有一种固有粘性,但过粘将会使薄膜的生产产生问题,这样薄膜的产量也会降低。
因此,本发明的目的是解决上述先有技术中的问题,提供一种能被高度拉伸的拉伸包装薄膜,而不会在包装品上产生过多的应力,并具有令人满意的强度和包装后的外观,另外,料粒和薄膜不会过粘。
从如下描述中会清楚地了解本发明另外目的和优点。
根据本发明提供一种拉伸包装薄膜。包括一种线型低密度聚乙烯薄膜,作为一种基材,该线型低密度聚乙烯具有如下性质:根据ASTM-D-1238E方法测定,熔融流速(190℃)为0.3~8g/10min;根据ASTM-D-1505方法测定,密度为0.900~0.918g/cm3;分子量分布(Mw/Mn)为2~6;据差示扫描量热法测定,存在两个熔点;最高熔点(Tm1)为118~125℃,最高熔点Tm1的峰值高度Tm1H与邻近的熔点Tm2的峰值Tm2H之比(即,Tm1H/Tm2H)为1.3或更低。
可用于本发明的线型低密度聚乙烯类包括一种线型低密聚乙烯,即L-LDPE,例如,如日本未审查专利公开No.60-88016中所述的一种乙烯和α-烯烃共聚物。
这样一种乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物包括一种乙烯/α-烯烃无规共聚物,基本为线型结构,它由乙烯和4~20碳原子的烯烃组成。α-烯烃单元含一种4~10个碳原子的α-烯烃,最好为6~10个碳原子,它可以是一种或多种这类α-烯烃的混合物。这类α-烯烃单元的具体实例可以是丁烯-1、戊烯-1、己烯-1、4-甲基-1-戊烯、庚烯-1、辛烯-1、癸烯-1等等。组成上述乙烯/α-烯烃的α-烯烃单元的含量通常可为0.5~40摩尔%,最好0.5~30摩尔%,最佳1.5~20摩尔%。
上述乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物基本为线型结构。本文中所使用的术语“基本线型结构”指的是具有上述α-烯烃支化的线型结构,但不具有长链支化和交联结构。这可以通过在130℃下,于正-癸烷溶剂中,完全溶解上述乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物得以证明。
用于本发明线型低密度聚乙烯的熔融流速(即,MFR)(190℃)为0.3~8g/10min,最好为0.5~5g/10min,密度为0.900~0.918g/Cm3,最好为0.900~0.915g/Cm3,分子量分布( Mw/ Mn)为2~6,最好为2.3~5,差示扫描量热法测定,存在两个或多个熔点,最高熔点Tm1为118~125℃,最好为118~124℃,最高熔点Tm1峰高与邻近熔点Tm2的峰高之比为1.3或更低,最好为1.0或更低。
在本发明中,熔点是通过差示扫描量热法(由Pekin Elmer公司生产的DSC-2型)测定的,将模塑0.5mm厚的片状样品保持在473℃下10分钟,然后以20℃/分钟的降温速度降低温度至320°K,然后记录由升温速度为10℃/分钟情况下测得的熔点Tm1·Tm2……Tmi。
在本发明中,分子量分布, Mw/ Mn是根据如下Takeuchi,Maruzen先生(日本)在“凝胶渗透色谱”中所描述的方法测定的。
(1)已知分子量的标准聚苯乙烯(由日本TOSO,可得到单分散聚苯乙烯)用于测定分子量M和GPC(即凝胶渗透色谱)的计数。从结果数据,可得分子量M和淋洗体积EV间的相关校正曲线。浓度为0.02%(按重量计)。
(2)通过GPC测量得到样品的GPC谱图,从上述相关性(1)计算出数均分子量和重均分子量,得出 Mw/ Mn值。
样品制备条件和GPC测量条件如下。
样品的制备
(a)样品与邻-二氟代苯一同加入Erlenmeyer锥型瓶中,样品的浓度为0.1%(重置)。
(b)加热Erlenmeyer锥型瓶到140℃,然后搅拌混合物约30分钟以便将样品溶解在溶剂中。
(c)所得溶液加到GPC中。
(注)如下叙述的Waters公司生产的仪器装有0.5μm金属过滤器,GPC测定通过过滤器的滤液。
GPC测定条件
(a)仪器:150C-ALC/GPC,Waters公司生产
(b)柱:CMH型,TOSO公司生产
(c)样品体积:500μl
(d)温度:140℃
(e)流速:1ml/min
上述线型低密度聚乙烯的条件限制,即熔流速度、密度、分子量分布、熔点和Tm1H/Tm2H为本发明如下原因所要求。
根据本发明的拉伸包装薄膜由上述线型低密度聚乙烯组成,但也可加入其它树脂组分或添加剂等。
为了制备上述线型低密度聚乙烯薄膜,可使用传统的薄膜成型方法,如吹胀体系或T型模头体系,所成型的膜厚为15~60μm。
根据本发明的拉伸包装薄膜纵向断裂时拉伸伸长为300%或更多,冲击强度为2500Kg·Cm/Cm2或更多,纵向撕裂强度为50Kg/Cm或更高,粘性(tackiness)(20Kg,50℃)为3~25g/Cm,拉伸300%后1小时的力为150~300g/15mm,最大拉伸限度300%或更多。
根据本发明制备的拉伸包装薄膜,拉伸伸长比低密聚乙烯或先有技术的乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物高,可拉伸约300~600%,因此适于高拉伸包装或异型制品。同样,与先有技术线型低密度聚乙烯相比,在包装制品上的应力较小,以致包装后的制品不发生形变,且包装后的强度较大以及有好的外观。另外,原材料料粒和薄膜不粘,因此,提供十分好的加工性能,并容易处理。
根据本发明制备的拉伸包装薄膜,具有足够的必要粘性,且不必配入一种增粘剂,如乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,这取决于薄膜的拉伸度。然而,如果要求较大粘性,可向线型低密度聚乙烯薄膜中配入2~20%(重量),例如液体聚丁二烯或聚异丁烯。
另外,当同时希望非粘性表面和粘性表面时,本发明的拉伸包装薄膜可以包括以下(ⅰ)、(ⅱ)和(ⅲ)构成的混合体:
(ⅰ)非粘性层,其厚度约占总厚度的5-30%,并由密度大于以上规定的线性低密度聚乙烯的线性低密度聚乙烯构成;
(ⅱ)中间层,它由以上规定的线性低密度聚乙烯构成;以及
(ⅲ)粘性层,其厚度约占总厚度的5-30wt%并由配入了2-10wt%液体聚异丁烯或液体聚异丁二烯的以上规定的线性低密度聚乙烯构成。
根据本发明,因为用于拉伸包装薄膜的线型低密聚乙烯具有特殊的物理性能,所以薄膜可高度拉伸,具有足够的厚度,不施加过量的应力于包装后的制品,包装后具有令人满意的强度,料粒和薄膜不过粘,因此薄膜具有优异的加工性能,包装性能,和容易处理。
实例
本发明将进一步通过如下实例被说明,但决不局限于如下实例。
实例1-4和对照实例1-4
表1中所示出的组成和物理性的线型低密度聚乙烯(乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物)用于生产带型薄膜,厚度为2μm,宽度为500mm用薄膜模塑机模塑(90φ铸塑机,机头宽度1500mm),缠绕速度为70m/min。
制成薄膜的物理性能和使用制成薄膜通过拉伸包装机进行的拉伸包装试验结果均示于表1中。被包装的样品是一种不规则金属丝缠层压制品,三明治(夹心)型,即90Cm×90Cm×40Cm瓦楞板箱被层压在两个120Cm×120Cm×40Cm的瓦楞板箱中间。
在表1中,断裂拉伸强度和断裂拉伸伸长按JISZ1702测定(拉伸速度500mm/min),冲击强度按ASTMD3420测定,撕裂强度按JISZ1702测定。通过测定相互迭合在一起的薄膜的剥离强度求出粘度,在20Kg负荷和50℃下放置薄膜一天,然后测出剥离薄膜所需的强度。300%拉伸后的力为在维持300%拉伸程度后的残留力。
当上述异型制品包装后,可根据如下标准,通过观察切断中心和凹缺部分,评价异型包装能力。
◎:优异,○:良好,△:可采用,
×:不可采用。
从表1中明显看出,所有样品具有优异的可拉伸性,坚固性能和拉伸适应性,均被认为是优异的拉伸包装薄膜。
                   表1
    实例     对照实例
    1     2     3     4 1     2  3     4
MFR 190℃(g/10min)密度(g/cm3)Pw/Rn峰数DSC     Tm1Tm1H/Tm2H     3.20.9113.831220.8     6.10.9113.031220.7     3.10.9053.231210.5     3.20.9124.131231.0   2.20.9224.231241.6     2.10.9105.531231.5     4.00.882.2165-     高压工艺低密度聚乙烯MFR=3.3密度=0.921-
α-烯烃     种类mol%断裂拉伸强度(kg/cm2)断裂拉伸伸长(%)     C64.0360450     C64.2310520     C64.6350510     C63.8370440     C63.1390380     C45.3370440     C48.5--     --330250
薄膜性能  冲击强度(kg·cm/cm2)撕裂强度(纵向/横向(kg/cm)粘度(g/cm)(20kg,50℃×1)300%拉伸(g/15mm)(1小时以后的力) 6600100/80011250  6500150/19010210 不断裂110/18012200  5900130/19015230  200090/1505350  180040/170剥离困难250     --剥离困难-    100015/1702断裂
       最大拉伸拉伸可   极限(%)适当性   异型包装能力 600◎ 600或更多◎ 600或更多◎ 600或更多◎ 200-      --     --     50×

Claims (4)

1.一种有粘性表面和非粘性表面的拉伸包装多层膜,所述的多层膜包括:(ⅰ)一种具有下列性质的线性低密度聚乙烯的中间层:根据ASTM-D-1238E方法测定,190℃的熔流速度为0.3-8克/10分钟;根据ASTM-D-1505方法测定,密度为0.900-0.918克/厘米3;分子量分布 Mw/ Mn为2-6;按差示扫描量热法分析,存在两个或多个熔点,最高熔点Tm1为118-125℃,最高熔点Tm1峰高Tm1H与邻近熔点Tm2H之比为1.3或更小;(ⅱ)一种在所述中间层上的非粘性表面层,该非粘性表面层包括密度大于0.918克/厘米3的非粘性线性低密度聚乙烯;和(ⅲ)在所述中间层的反面有一粘性表面层,该粘性表面层包括具有下列性质的线性低密度聚乙烯:根据ASTM-D-1238E方法测定,190℃的熔流速度为0.3-8克/10分钟;分子量分布 Mw/ Mn为2-6;按差示扫描量热法分析,存在两个或多个熔点,最高熔点Tm1为118-120℃,最高熔点Tm1峰高Tm1H与邻近熔点Tm2H之比为1.3或更小,和从2%到10%重量的液态聚异丁烯或聚丁二烯的一种混合物,所述非粘性表面占总厚度的5%至30%。
2.按权利要求1所述的多层膜,其中所述的线性低密度聚乙烯中间层包括80-98.5%摩尔的乙烯和1.5-20%摩尔的1-己烯或4-甲基-1-戊烯的基本线性的共聚物。
3.按权利要求1所述的多层膜,其中所述的线性低密度聚乙烯中间层可拉伸300到600%。
4.按权利要求1,2或3所述的多层膜,其中所述膜是可拉伸带形塑料膜。
CN96107858A 1987-07-07 1996-05-28 拉伸包装用多层膜 Expired - Lifetime CN1069265C (zh)

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EP0298700A2 (en) 1989-01-11
EP0298700A3 (en) 1990-09-12
KR910004046B1 (ko) 1991-06-22
EP0298700B1 (en) 1992-05-06
DE3870733D1 (de) 1992-06-11
CA1309800C (en) 1992-11-03
JPS6414018A (en) 1989-01-18
CN1030592A (zh) 1989-01-25
JPH0777754B2 (ja) 1995-08-23
CN1146399A (zh) 1997-04-02
KR890002291A (ko) 1989-04-10
US5296580A (en) 1994-03-22
ATE75685T1 (de) 1992-05-15

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