CN1069259C - 关于带凹入底部之容器的制造方法的改进 - Google Patents

关于带凹入底部之容器的制造方法的改进 Download PDF

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CN1069259C
CN1069259C CN96198693A CN96198693A CN1069259C CN 1069259 C CN1069259 C CN 1069259C CN 96198693 A CN96198693 A CN 96198693A CN 96198693 A CN96198693 A CN 96198693A CN 1069259 C CN1069259 C CN 1069259C
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查尔斯·乔纳森·布里顿
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C49/54—Moulds for undercut articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C49/54—Moulds for undercut articles
    • B29C49/541—Moulds for undercut articles having a recessed undersurface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
    • B29B11/08—Injection moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/076—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape
    • B29C2949/0768—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform
    • B29C2949/077—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration characterised by the shape characterised by the shape of specific parts of preform characterised by the neck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3024—Preforms or parisons made of several components characterised by the number of components or by the manufacturing technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/30—Preforms or parisons made of several components
    • B29C2949/3032—Preforms or parisons made of several components having components being injected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
    • B29K2023/065—HDPE, i.e. high density polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/253—Preform
    • B29K2105/258—Tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7158—Bottles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Display Devices Of Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

一种容器，由象热塑性材料这样的材料分两阶段制成，这种材料受热时可变形。在第一阶段，初步成形的容器(1)被注塑模压，模具的部件易于使具有一封闭端的管形体(2)脱模。在第二阶段，仍被加热的初步成形的容器由吹塑法模制，也可先机械扩张，随后将吹气管接入开口端。容器体的封闭端在模具的多个部件(7，8)上被扩张，该模具将容器的底部模压成具有凹陷的拱形，其横截面通常为“Ω”形。该多个部件的模具有一处于中央的锥形型芯(8)被一组扇形部件(7)所包围，型芯(8)被完全插入时以分散开用于模压的部件(7)，并且型芯(8)也可退出，以使扇形部件在模压成形后合拢使容器脱模。部件(7)之间的沟槽部分12可在凹拱内制造出加强肋，从而增加其强度。

Description

关于带凹入底部之容器的制造方法的改进
本发明涉及容器，尤其涉及能够承受相当大内部压力的塑料容器。更具体说涉及带凹入底部之容器的制造方法的改进
装液化气体的容器和其它高压容器大部分都是由金属制成，尽管近年来已经采用了塑料容器。但是，这些容器通常具有两件式结构，即底部被连接到容器体的其余部分上。这样的容器之有利的形状是圆筒形，同时具有凹入的拱形底部，如众所周知的香槟酒瓶基底，由于当注入香槟酒时处于高压下，故香槟酒瓶在其底部有一凹入的锥形拱。
当这种形状被应用于塑料容器时，已经发现通过在容器的轴向部分制成凹入的圆拱形就可得到更好的耐压性，通常这种凹拱为希腊字母“Ω”的形状。但另一方面，在凹拱周围还有一凹入部分，所以导致在模塑过程中出现问题。
本发明的目的就是解决这些问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种制造具有凹拱再造的底部的容器之方法，容器的材料在受热时易于变形，其中初步成形的容器在高温下，紧贴由几部分组成的模具膨胀，这种模具环绕锥形型芯至少有三个扇形件，其中锥形型芯是可活动的，目的是将其插入扇形部件内并楔推使之从合拢的组合变为分散的组合，当这几个部件分散开时，就可使凹拱再造部分成形；当这几个部件合拢时，凹拱的底部就会脱模。
尽管初步成形的容器首先可通过在与底部相对的一端之开口插入的机械装置以沿向下的方向即朝向所说型芯和各个扇形部件施加扩张，但这一扩张至少在起初最好还是通过吹塑法来完成。然后，上述开口连接吹气管。
一般地，初步成形的容器和已成形的容器基本上都是旋转体；型芯与该旋转体共轴；各个扇形部件合拢时，其所有径向侧面同样都相互邻接。
这些扇形部件最好将再造的底部制成具有“Ω”形的型廓。
受容器材料作用的扇形部件至少部分侧面要切斜角，以形成一沟槽，通过这些沟槽形成凹入的底部表面向外突出的加强肋。为更好地理解本发明，参照附图，对本发明的一个实施例作出说明，其中：
图1为初步成形的高压容器的轴向剖视图；
图2为公知的容器之底部的轴向剖视图；
图3为用于制造改进的容器之模具的部分透视图；
图4为该模具的一部分与成形于模具中的容器之底部的轴向剖视图；
图5为脱模的容器底部之轴向剖视图；
图6为容器的底视平面图；
图7为展示容器底部的透视图。
在图1中，初步成形或坯的容器1一般为试管形，而且具有一很小的锥度的锥形体2，该锥形体2在朝向其封闭的下端之方向上逐渐变窄，而且在其上端有一向外突出的凸缘3。由于具有这种形状，所以通过注塑法可很容易地使容器成型，这种模具仅需要可轴向分开以使初步成形的容器脱模的两个部件。
为制造出能够承受内部压力的容器，可通过吹塑法使之膨胀，其底部扩大至图2所示的形状，其中有一拱形的凹入部分4，该凹入部分在边沿5处汇合为一向外倾斜的容器壁6之下部，容器可通过该边沿保持直立，而且这样的形状还不带凹陷结构，并易于脱模。
然而，为改善其耐压性，在边沿5之上，使圆拱4侧向扩展从而形成一环形的凹入部分是有益的。
参照图3，吹塑法所用的模具之底部嵌件由五个相同的扇形件7组成，这些部件7环绕锥形型芯8沿一圆环配置。当从端部观看时，各个部件7就像顶部被一弧形刀具截去的环形扇面，各个部分拱起的端面9具有倒圆的外台肩10，外台肩10扩展成为侧面11，侧面11朝向公共轴向后倾斜。在这些侧面11的周边端部置有切槽或斜切角12，以便当扇形件干被紧靠在一起时使这些槽12构成如图示的V截面凹槽。超过该侧面11，扇形件7再向外倾斜。各个部件被设置成可径向活动，从而使其从图示的合拢位置上分散开，同时彼此邻接的径向侧面环绕公共轴均匀分离开来。这种分离可由锥形型芯8来完成，锥形型芯8装配在一由部件7形成的互补的中央通道13内，如图4所示。
当模具仍然很热时，将初步成形的容器1放置在具有这种底部嵌件和两个半拉的部件14和15的吹塑模具中，然后通过公知的方法使之膨胀。这项工作可完全由压缩空气来完成，或者也可先由瓶体2之瓶口导入的部件进行机械扩张来完成。塑性材料紧贴模具的腔壁流动并成型。部件7通过型芯8的向上移动直到其端部与表面9平齐而分散开。该工序的时间取决于所用的材料，初步成形的容器之壁厚和所给出的扩张量。总之，塑性材料将变形进入部件7间的间隙，这种变形具体产生于斜切角12处。这样形成的加强肋不仅是这种注塑工艺的特点：它们产生了底部的加固。而且，当塑性材料冷却时，退出型芯8，并将部件7合拢在一起。这样就使台肩10不会在容器底部上产生的“Ω”形中造成径向凹入形状部分，从而易于实现脱模。
应该知道，扇形件的数目可以是最小为三的任何数目，只要达到最终的要求。部件的数目最好为奇数，从而不存在完全在直径上的肋，而且通常部件的数目为五时最佳。
这样制造出来的容器之下端如图5,6和7所示。
所用的材料可以是聚氯乙烯，高密聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚丙烯碳酸脂或聚碳酸脂。由于本方法能够得到更坚固、更薄和更轻的耐压容器，所以其它昂贵的塑性材料也可考虑，象聚乙烯对苯二酸盐(P.E.T)和这种材料晶体或非晶体的共聚物。本方法也可能应用于玻璃容器，甚至可应用于某些金属容器，象铝。
吹塑法辅以用于大型容器的机械扩张可成为最佳方法，但也可通过真空成形法达到同样的效果。

Claims (6)

1．一种制造容器的方法，该容器具有一凹拱再造的底部，容器的材料受热时容易变形，其中，使初步成形的容器的底部，在高温时紧贴具有多个部件的模具膨胀，这种模具至少有三个环绕锥形型芯的扇形部件，该型芯是可活动的，以楔推扇形部件使之从合拢配置到彼此分散配置，当部件分散开时，形成凹拱再造的底部，当部件合拢时，容器的底部脱模。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述膨胀至少最初通过吹塑法完成。
3．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：初步成形的容器首先通过将机械装置从与底部相对之端部的开口插入以沿底部方向朝型芯和部件施加扩张。
4．如权利要求1,2或3所述的方法，其特征在于：初步成形的和已成形的容器基本为旋转体，型芯与容器同轴，所有的扇形部件合拢时，其径向侧面都相互邻接。
5．如权利要求1，2或3所述的方法，其特征在于：扇形部件使再造的底部塑造成具有“Ω”形的截面。
6．如权利要求1，2或3所述的方法，其特征在于：至少部件的部分边缘被切斜角以产生一沟槽，该沟槽使再造的底部表面形成向外的凸出部分。
CN96198693A 1995-11-30 1996-11-29 关于带凹入底部之容器的制造方法的改进 Expired - Fee Related CN1069259C (zh)

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GB9524554.4 1995-11-30
GBGB9524554.4A GB9524554D0 (en) 1995-11-30 1995-11-30 Base structures of blow moulded plastic bottles for pressurised containers

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CN1203547A CN1203547A (zh) 1998-12-30
CN1069259C true CN1069259C (zh) 2001-08-08

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JP (1) JP2000501039A (zh)
KR (1) KR19990071518A (zh)
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EA000320B1 (ru) 1999-04-29
DE69603206T2 (de) 2000-02-24
EP0868283A1 (en) 1998-10-07
DE69603206D1 (de) 1999-08-12
AU7702396A (en) 1997-06-19
JP2000501039A (ja) 2000-02-02
GB9524554D0 (en) 1996-01-31
US6635217B1 (en) 2003-10-21
KR19990071518A (ko) 1999-09-27
EA199800408A1 (ru) 1998-12-24
CN1203547A (zh) 1998-12-30
MX9804202A (es) 1998-10-31
NZ322979A (en) 1999-04-29
PL326945A1 (en) 1998-11-09
WO1997019802A1 (en) 1997-06-05
AU708220B2 (en) 1999-07-29
CA2238874A1 (en) 1997-06-05
BR9611650A (pt) 1999-12-28
ATE181869T1 (de) 1999-07-15
ES2135942T3 (es) 1999-11-01
EP0868283B1 (en) 1999-07-07
GR3031363T3 (en) 2000-01-31

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