CN106923136B - 花青素复合酸稳定剂及超高压辅助稳定方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种花青素复合酸稳定剂，它包括：重量百分比为50%的D‑葡萄糖酸8‑16份，阿魏酸4‑8份，咖啡酸2‑6份；花青素复合酸稳定剂用pH3.0磷酸缓冲液稀释溶解60‑100倍与4份花青素，在反应条件为压力100‑400MPa，加压1‑5min反应；得稳定花青素，处理后的花青素得到适当修饰，提高了光热稳定性，保存期长。食用有机酸可提高花素的活性，复合酸对DDPH、ABTS有较高的清除率，在低浓度20ug/mL时对DDPH、ABTS清除力超过90%，较比对照和VC高出几倍之多，提高了花青素的抗氧化活性。并采用了非热的高压脉冲电场提取花青素，增加了提取率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属食品保健品加工领域，具体涉及花青素复合酸稳定剂、超高压辅助稳定方法及食用有机酸提花青素活性的应用。
背景技术
山葡萄（V.amurensis Rupr）在葡萄属植物中果皮颜色最深，花青素含量最高，目前山葡萄主要用于酿造葡萄酒，酒中所含花青素，不仅使产品具有诱人的色泽，更是使其具有软化血管，抗氧化，增进皮肤光泽，预防癌症等功效。但山葡萄在加工与储藏过程中会出现褪色现象，影响产品质量。
花青素（Anthocyanidin），种类多，来源广，是一类水溶性天然色素，属类黄酮化合物，它是一种强有力的抗氧化剂，可以保护视力，保护肝脏，预防癌症等。天然花青素虽广泛存在，但稳定性差，不利于产品加工与保存。
由于传统提取法存在提取时间长，效率低，提取温度高等缺点，一些新技术逐渐成为研究的热点，尤其是高压脉冲电场提取效率高，相对成本低、能耗少，操作安全，对环境无污染，处理样品过程中温度变化较小，可以有效地保护有效成分的生理活性，在处理热敏性物质方面具有巨大的优势。
据相关报道一些有机酸对花青素有较好的保护作用，文献中都是以单一有机酸对花青素进行处理，稳定效果一般，且形成稳态耗时长，效率低，并未得到广泛应用。超高压技术在提取及杀菌等领域得到广泛应用，其作用时间短，对分子水平无破坏作用，它对物质的空间排列有一定的影响，因而在酒的陈酿等领域也有一定应用。
我们采用非热的高压脉冲电场技术提取山葡萄花青素，在提取过程中可最大程度保护花青素不受破坏。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对花青素稳定性差，以单一有机酸对花青素进行处理，稳定效果一般，且反应耗时长，效率低问题，而提供一种花青素复合酸稳定剂及超高压辅助稳定方法。
花青素复合酸稳定剂，它包括：重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸8-16份，阿魏酸4-8份，咖啡酸2-6份；
所述的重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸8-13份，阿魏酸4-6份，咖啡酸2-4份；
所述的重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸10份，阿魏酸5份，咖啡酸3份；
花青素超高压辅助稳定方法，它包括：
1）食用有机酸或上述的花青素复合酸稳定剂用 pH2.5-3.5磷酸缓冲液稀释溶解60-100倍与4份花青素反应；
2）反应液离心，取上清液，纯化，浓缩，冻干，得稳定花青素；
所述的食用有机酸为D-葡萄糖酸、阿魏酸4-6份和\或咖啡酸；
所述的步骤1）的反应条件为压力100-400MPa，加压1-5min反应；
所述的压力为300MPa，时间为2min。
食用有机酸或上述的花青素复合酸稳定剂在提高花青素活性的应用；
所述的应用为上述的花青素超高压辅助稳定方法。
本发明的另一个目的是为解决花青素提取时间长，提取率低，提取温度高破坏花青素的问题，而提供一种高压脉冲电场提取花青素的方法。
高压脉冲电场提取花青素的方法，它包括：
1）配制含0.1-0.5%盐酸和55-75%乙醇混合提取液；
2）原料去杂打浆；胶体磨研磨；
3）采用高压脉冲电场，以液料重量比5-9:1，电场强度10-20kvcm，脉冲个数4-10的条件下，用混合提取液提取花青素；
4）离心、40-55℃减压浓缩、纯化、冻干；
所述的混合提取液为含1%盐酸和65%乙醇；
所述的电场强度15kvcm，脉冲个数4。
本发明提供了花青素复合酸稳定剂，它包括：重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸8-16份，阿魏酸4-8份，咖啡酸2-6份；花青素复合酸稳定剂用 pH3.0磷酸缓冲液稀释溶解60-100倍与4份花青素，在反应条件为压力100-400MPa，加压1-5min反应；得稳定花青素，处理后的花青素得到适当修饰，提高了光热稳定性，保存期长。食用有机酸可提高花素的活性，复合酸对DDPH、ABTS有较高的清除率，在低浓度20ug/mL时对DDPH、ABTS清除力超过90%，较比对照和VC高出几倍之多，提高了花青素的抗氧化活性。并采用了非热的高压脉冲电场提取花青素，增加了提取率。
经超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素在室温日光下20d，100℃加热5h后，仍保持50%以上的色素残存率，较比CK组高近11%的残存率，结果表明，超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素大大提其在热暴露以曝光条件下的颜色稳定。
超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素对DDPH、ABTS有较高的清除率，在低浓度20ug/mL时对DDPH、ABTS清除力超过90%，较比CK和VC高出几倍之多，说明稳定后的花青素的抗氧化活性也大大提高。
本发明采用非热的高压脉冲电场提取花青素，在提取过程中就可减少花青素损失，做到最高效的提取。
附图说明
图1室温自然光的色素残存率（CK-未处理的花青素A-超高压复合花青素）；
图2 100℃的色素残存率（CK-未处理的花青素，A-超高压复合花青素）；
图3 DPPH清除率（CK-未处理的花青素，A-超高压复合花青素，VC-抗坏血酸阳性对照）；
图4 ABTS清除率（CK-未处理的花青素，A-超高压复合花青素，VC-抗坏血酸阳性对照）；
图5为未处理的山葡萄花青素的液相图谱；
图6为超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素的液相图谱；
图7超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素的红外扫描结果。
具体实施方式
实施例1花青素提取
配制0.1-0.5%盐酸和55-75%乙醇混合提取液，葡萄、黑枸杞、蓝莓、接骨木红、黑加仑、紫胡萝卜和红甘蓝打浆，胶体磨2000-4000r/min研磨10-20min，采用高压脉冲电场，以液料比5-9:1 (w/w，电场强度10-20kvcm，脉冲个数4-10的条件下，用混合提取液提取花青素，3000-5000 r/min离心5-15 min，取上清40-55℃减压浓缩，经D101大孔树脂纯化后，减压浓缩，冻干，得花青素。
实施例2山葡萄花素提取
北冰红山葡萄，由通化葡萄酒研究所提供。2015年9月28日（葡萄盛花后110 d）随机采样，冷冻保存。
北冰红山葡萄花青素：取同一批次大量北冰红山葡萄，去果柄果核，打浆研磨，采用高压脉冲电场以1%盐酸-65%乙醇液料比8.5:1 (w/w，电场强度15kvcm，脉冲个数4的条件提取山葡萄花青素， 4500r/min离心10 min，取上清，减压浓缩， D101大孔树脂纯化，减压浓缩，冷冻干燥，得北冰红山葡萄花青素。
实施例3 花青素稳定剂
花青素稳定剂由下述成分组成，D-葡萄糖酸（分析纯）、阿魏酸（生物试剂）购自Aladdin实业公司（阿拉丁实业公司）；咖啡酸（生物试剂）上海金穗生物科技有限公司。
每4份纯化的花青素（花青素含量≥25%，按矢车菊3-O-G计），添加稳定剂的量：
D-葡萄糖酸（50%，w/w） 8-16份
阿魏酸 4-8份
咖啡酸 2-6份
实施例4提高花青素稳定性的方法
超高压辅助反应稳定花青素： 将4份纯化的花青素，8-16份的D-葡萄糖酸，4-8份的阿魏酸，2-6份的咖啡酸，用 pH3.0磷酸缓冲液稀释溶解60-100倍，采用超高压处理装置进行压力100-400MPa、加压1-5min高压稳定处理，处理液3000-5000r/min离心5-10min，取上清液，经D101大孔树脂纯化后，减压浓缩，冻干，得稳定山葡萄花青素。
超高压辅助反应稳定山葡萄花青素： 将4份纯化的山葡萄花青素，10份的50%D-葡萄糖酸，5份的阿魏酸，3份的咖啡酸，用前需少量乙醇溶解，用 pH3.0磷酸缓冲液稀释溶解60-100倍，采用HPP600MPa/30L 超高压食品处理装置进行压力300MPa，加压时间2min，4500r/min离心10 min，离心10min，取上清液，经D101大孔树脂纯化后，减压浓缩，冻干，得稳定山葡萄花青素。
实施例5处理后花青素稳定性
用pH 3.0缓冲液将复合酸和单个有机酸稳定上清样品及未处理的花青素对照稀释5倍，用于颜色稳定性评估。在100°C条件下处理1、2、3、4、5h，评估温度对花青素的影响。在室温自然光条件下处理4、8、12、16、20d，评估光照对花青素的影响。UV / Vis分光光度计(北京普析公司)测定在521nm处吸光值，以色素残存率判断颜色变化。
超高压辅助复合酸和各单个有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素在室温日光与100℃加热条件下的吸光值及色素残存率。见表1、2。（注：未处理花青素初始吸光值0.555，残存率=（样品吸光值/未处理花青素起始吸光值）*100%）
表1山葡萄花青素在室温日光的吸光值及色素残存率
表2 山葡萄花青素在100℃加热条件下的吸光值及色素残存率
超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素在室温日光与100℃加热条件下的色素残存率，见图1、2。
经超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素在室温日光下20d，100℃加热5h后，仍保持50%以上的色素残存率，较比CK组高近11%的残存率，结果表明，超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素大大提其在热暴露以曝光条件下的颜色稳定。
实施例6处理后花青素抗氧化活性分析
一、将单一有机酸及复合有机酸稳定上清样品及未处理的花青素未处理的花青素对照用乙醇稀释至一系列浓度(按空白对照中花青素浓度计20、60、100、140、180ug/mL)，用于抗氧化分析。取1mL样液加2mL0.004%DPPH溶液，室温避光反应30min，于517nm波长处测定吸光值A1。样品加乙醇测A2。乙醇加DPPH测A0。实验进行3个平行。计算DPPH清除率(%)=[A0-(A1-A2)]/A0×100%取200μL样液加4mL ABTS工作液（7mmol/L ABTS与2.45mmol/L过硫酸钾等比例混合，避光反应12-16h，用无水乙醇稀释，使吸光度值在734nm下为0.7±0.02）。37℃下水浴10min，在734nm下测定吸光度值A1。样品加乙醇测A2。乙醇加ABTS测A0。抗坏血酸做阳性对照。计算ABTS清除率（%）=[A0-(A1-A2)]/ A0×100%。
超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素的DDPH清除率，ABTS清除率测定结果见图3。
二、研究表明经超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素对DDPH、ABTS有较高的清除率，在低浓度20ug/mL时对DDPH、ABTS清除力超过90%，D-葡萄糖酸65%，阿魏酸70%，咖啡酸65%，较比CK和VC高出几倍之多，说明稳定后的花青素的抗氧化活性也大大提高。
三、液相色谱分析稳定程度：
色谱条件：C18柱(4.6mm×250mm, 5.0um)；检测波长530nm；柱温30℃；进样量20uL；流速0.8mL/mim流动相A：5%甲酸水溶液；流动相B：甲醇溶液；梯度洗脱条件：0-5min，8-10%B；5-23min，10%B；23-38min，10-15%B；38-48min，15-20%B；48-53min，20-25%B；53-66min，25-35%B；66-71min，35-45%B；71-76min，45-55%B；76-85min，55-80%B。将未处理的花青素和超高压辅助复合酸处理的花青素进行液相分析。
超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素的液相图谱见图5、6。
通过液相图谱可知，超高压辅助复合酸处理的花青素较未处理的花青素的峰多，且出现在流动相的极性较弱的部分，说明经过处理的样品有新的花青素成分生成，且更易溶于有机相。
四、红外光谱分析稳定程度：取少量样品及空白对照置于研钵中，加适量KBr粉末研磨后，放入压片模具中，加压2-4min，采用红外光谱进行分析。
超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定的山葡萄花青素的红外扫描结果见图7。
对比CK，样品在1450,1300,1100,800cm-1左右有明显吸收峰，其中1430cm-1左右是单双键伸缩或C=C面内变形振动的特征峰，1300，1100cm-1左右是甲基弯曲振动和C-O伸缩， 800cm-1左右是芳环上 C=H 伸缩振动吸收峰。 综上所述，经超高压辅助复配有机酸稳定的花青素有明显的增效基团出现，可推断花色苷向着稳态化构象变化，验证了键合后花青素更加稳定及抗氧化活性增强的原因。
超高压辅助复合有机酸稳定花青素使其得到适当修饰，提高了光热稳定性，还其具有很好的抗氧化活性。从而超高压辅助可以作为花青素稳定的一种新手段，复合有机酸也可作为一种花青素稳定剂广泛应用于花青素的领域。
Claims (5)
1.花青素超高压辅助稳定方法，它包括：
1）花青素复合酸稳定剂用 pH2.5-3.5磷酸缓冲液稀释溶解60-100倍与4份花青素反应；
所述的花青素复合酸稳定剂包括：重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸8-16份，阿魏酸4-8份，咖啡酸2-6份；
反应条件为压力100-400MPa，加压1-5min；
2）反应液离心，取上清液，纯化，浓缩，冻干，得稳定花青素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的花青素超高压辅助稳定方法，其特征在于：所述的重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸8-13份，阿魏酸4-6份，咖啡酸2-4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的花青素超高压辅助稳定方法，其特征在于：所述的重量百分比为50% 的D-葡萄糖酸10份，阿魏酸5份，咖啡酸3份。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的花青素超高压辅助稳定方法，其特征在于：压力为300MPa，时间为2min。
5.一种花青素，其特征在于：它是由权利要求1所述方法制备。
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