CN106920619A - 一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN106920619A
CN106920619A CN201710216129.XA CN201710216129A CN106920619A CN 106920619 A CN106920619 A CN 106920619A CN 201710216129 A CN201710216129 A CN 201710216129A CN 106920619 A CN106920619 A CN 106920619A
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permanent magnet
magnet material
gadolinium
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詹前营
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DONGGUAN JIADA MAGNET PRODUCT Co Ltd
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    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
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    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料及其加工方法，其特征在于该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料由Pr、Nd、Gd、B、Co、Al、Cu和Fe构成，其质量百分比为：Pr，5%‑7%；Nd，17%‑19%；Gd，7%‑9%；B，0.8%‑1.2%；Co，0.4%‑0.6%；Al，0.1%‑0.3%；Cu，0.05%‑0.15%；余量为Fe；加工步骤如下：①在真空速凝炉里熔炼，浇注成厚度为d的金属薄片，d满足0＜d≤0.6mm；②在氢碎炉中氢破成1‑200μ m的颗粒；③在气流磨中破碎成0‑15μm的颗粒；④进成型压机，在2.0T磁场下成型，200t压力下等静压；⑤进烧结炉，1070℃烧结，900℃一级回火，460‑560℃二级回火；采用上述配方与加工方法制成的本发明，使永磁材料的性能大大提高，并且大幅度降低了生产成本，优化了产品性价比，具有明显的经济意义和显著的技术进步。

Description

一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明属于磁性材料技术领域，具体公开了一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料。
背景技术
钕铁硼磁性材料，又称“磁王”，由于具有极高的磁能积和矫顽力，同时又具有很高的能量密度，在现代工业和电子技术中获得了广泛应用。
然而，由于常规钕铁硼磁性材料中含有超过30%左右质量份数的镨钕稀有元素，造成这种材料的成本居高不下，大大限制了钕铁硼磁性材料的应用范围。为解决这个问题，磁材厂家采用替代元素开发出了各种各样的替代产品，但是，目前公开的替代材料要么片面的降低贵重稀有元素的含量，造成产品质量达不到要求，要么在降低镨钕含量的同时又引入了其他的贵重金属组分，成本控制效果仍不理想。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料通过采用地壳中丰度较高的轻稀土元素以及微量的钴铝铜元素替代一部分丰度较低的重稀土元素，优化了材料组成，降低了材料成本，改善了现有钕铁硼永磁材料的性价比及实用性。
本发明为解决其技术问题而提供的技术方案为：
一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料由Pr、Nd、Gd、B、Co、Al、Cu和Fe构成，且具有如下的质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%-7%；Nd，17%-19%；Gd，7%-9%；
B，0.8%-1.2%；Co，0.4%-0.6%；Al，0.1%-0.3%；Cu，0.05%-0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，6%；Nd，19%；Gd，7%；
B，1%；Co，0.5%；Al，0.1%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，7%；Nd，17%；Gd，9%；
B，1%；Co，0.6%；Al，0.2%；Cu，0.10%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，5%；Nd，18%；Gd，8%；
B，0.8%；Co，0.4%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.12%；
余量为Fe。
另一方面，本发明提供的含钆钕铁硼永磁材料制作工艺包括如下加工步骤：
在真空速凝炉里熔炼，浇注成厚度为d的金属薄片，d满足0＜d≤0.6mm；
在氢碎炉中氢破成1-200μm的颗粒；
在气流磨中破碎成0-15μm的颗粒；
进成型压机，在2.0T磁场下成型，200t压力下等静压；
进烧结炉，1070℃烧结，900℃一级回火，460-560℃二级回火。
优选地，本发明提供的含钆钕铁硼永磁材料制作工艺中步骤-步骤中所使用的设备依次为：
600kg真空速凝炉、1t的氢碎炉、400型气流磨、25吨成型压机及500公斤烧结炉。
本发明相比现有技术有益的技术效果：
1、通过添加价格较低的钆元素和微量的钴铝铜元素，将现有钕铁硼磁性材料中镨钕金属的质量百分比含量降低至25%左右，生产每吨磁性材料可以节约原材料成本约为20%。
2、通过增加钆元素和铜铝钴金属，优化了材料组成，新材料的各项指标均能达到N35等级国家标准。
为使本发明的发明目的、技术方案及技术效果更加清楚、明确，以下结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明公开的含钆钕铁硼永磁材料及其制作工艺做详细说明。
附图说明
图1：优选实施例中含钆钕铁硼永磁材料的退磁曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明公开的含钆钕铁硼永磁材料由Pr、Nd、Gd、B、Co、Al、Cu和Fe构成，且具有如下的质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%-7%；Nd，17%-19%；Gd，7%-9%；
B，0.8%-1.2%；Co，0.4%-0.6%；Al，0.1%-0.3%；Cu，0.05%-0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例一：含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，6%；Nd，19%；Gd，7%；
B，1%；Co，0.5%；Al，0.1%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例二，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，7%；Nd，17%；Gd，9%；
B，1%；Co，0.6%；Al，0.2%；Cu，0.10%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例三，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，5%；Nd，18%；Gd，8%；
B，0.8%；Co，0.4%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.12%；
余量为Fe。
本发明各种优选实施例中按照如下工艺制作含钆钕铁硼永磁材料：
1、按照优选实施例中公开的质量百分比组成称量并混匀各个组分；
2、在600公斤真空速凝炉里熔炼，并浇注成厚度小于0.6mm的金属薄片；
2、在1t的氢碎炉中氢破成1-200微米的颗粒；
3、在400型气流磨中破碎成0-15微米的颗粒；
4、进25吨成型压机，在2.0T的磁场下成型，200吨压力下等静压；
5、进500公斤烧结炉，在1070℃下烧结，900℃回火，460-560℃回火；
6、使用AMT-4永磁特性测试仪测试磁体的性能。
在钕铁硼材料中加入钴铝铜组分，不但可以有效提高材料的矫顽力，改善材料的耐腐蚀性能，同时还可以改善钕铁硼材料的抗弯强度、抗冲击韧性等力学性能。另外，在钕铁硼材料中引入钴组分，还可以显著提高钕铁硼材料的居里温度。表1为优选实施例一和优选实施例二中测出的性能指标，参阅图1和表1，本发明提供的含钆钕铁硼永磁材料的各项性能均能达到国家标准N35等级的指标要求。
表格1 本发明各种优选实施例中测得的性能指标
以上结合说明书附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了详细阐述，应该说明的是，本发明的保护范围包括但不限于上述实施例；说明书附图中公开的具体结构也只是本发明的较佳实施例，所述领域的技术人员还可以在此基础上开发出其他实施例，任何不脱离本发明创新理念的简单变形或等同替换，均涵盖于本发明，属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料由Pr、Nd、Gd、B、Co、Al、Cu和Fe构成，且具有如下的质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%-7%；Nd，17%-19%；Gd，7%-9%；
B，0.8%-1.2%；Co，0.4%-0.6%；Al，0.1%-0.3%；Cu，0.05%-0.15%；
余量为Fe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，6%；Nd，19%；Gd，9%；
B，1%；Co，0.5%；Al，0.1%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，7%；Nd，17%；Gd，8%；
B，1%；Co，0.6%；Al，0.2%；Cu，0.10%；
余量为Fe。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于，该含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，5%；Nd，18%；Gd，7%；
B，0.8%；Co，0.4%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.12%；
余量为Fe。
5.一种含钆钕铁硼永磁材料加工方法，其特征在于，该含钆钕铁硼永磁材料加工方法包括如下加工步骤：
在真空速凝炉里熔炼，浇注成厚度为d的金属薄片，d满足0＜d≤0.6mm；
在氢碎炉中氢破成1-200μm的颗粒；
在气流磨中破碎成0-15μm的颗粒；
进成型压机，在2.0T磁场下成型，200t压力下等静压；
进烧结炉，1070℃烧结，900℃一级回火，460-560℃二级回火。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含钆钕铁硼永磁材料加工方法，其特征在于，所述步骤-步骤中所使用的设备依次为：
600kg真空速凝炉、1t的氢碎炉、400型气流磨、25吨成型压机及500公斤烧结炉。
CN201710216129.XA 2017-04-05 2017-04-05 一种含钆的钕铁硼永磁材料及其加工方法 Pending CN106920619A (zh)

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