CN106917267A - 一种抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,首先将硝酸银溶液加入到丙烯酸甲酯与乙二胺反应制得的含氨基高支化聚合物溶液中,得到含氨基的Ag/HBP混合液将硝酸银溶液和偶联剂混合进行表面处理;将无纺布放入Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍,浸渍后进行热处理,得到过滤无纺布。本发明制备的无纺布能够在个人防护用品中使用,也可用于家居、办公环境等的空气净化器中使用,可大幅提高对微小粒子的过滤,并且具有杀灭空气中尘埃粒子携带的细菌等功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,具体涉及提供一种抗菌高效过滤无纺布的简易制备方法。
背景技术
随着空气质量的恶化,阴霾现象逐渐增多,而直径从0.001um到10um的霾粒子,含有大量硫酸、硫化物等有害粒子,严重危害人们的身体,长期吸入会导致呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病,同时增加致癌风险;其次,由于其散射波长较大的光比较多,使霾看起来呈黄色或橙灰色,对交通造成了极大的不便。
自19世纪50年代起,非织造工业的快速发展为空气过滤材料提供了新的方向,目前熔喷无纺布成为非织造滤材的主要加工方法。但随着纳米技术的诞生,静电纺丝技术制得的纳米纤维因其较大的比表面积、孔隙率及易于功能化等优点,使其成为优异的过滤材料。但普通熔喷无纺布其过滤效率相对较低,而静电纺丝技术制备的无纺布其力学性能相对较差,因此,通过复合工艺可以克服其各自的缺点,同时还能提高其综合过滤效果。
专利一种高效持久抗菌熔喷非织造布的制备方法,申请号为201610983070.2,该专利公开了利用亲性超支化聚合物的苯、甲苯、三氯甲烷或四氯化碳溶液与硝酸银水溶液混合搅拌,经静置分液、旋转蒸发,得到两亲性超支化聚合物的高浓度溶液。采用喷洒的方法将该高浓度溶液喷到熔喷非织造布的原料颗粒或切片中,并不断翻搅,再经熔喷非织造布的加工工序后,即可得到纤维中含有纳米银颗粒的抗菌非织造布。该专利直接利用亲性超支化聚合物,其分子量和支化度均不可控,而其支化度和分子链对过滤性能又有着重要影响,因此制备的材料性能不好。且该专利制备过程中利用苯、甲苯等有机毒剂,不符合国家提倡的安全环保政策。
因此,为了能更好地从源头对空气质量进行控制,怎样制备出具有高效过滤效果的无纺布、同时能够起到抗菌效果的问题,是目前需要解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明利用表面涂覆工艺,将含氨端基的超支化聚合物包裹的纳米银粒子附着在无纺布表面,利用氨端基与无纺布基体形成较牢固的附着力,同时在过滤过程中,极性的氨端基能较好的吸附空气中的微小尘埃,并借助银的灭菌作用来提高无纺布的抗菌效果。因涂覆的粒子特殊的支化结构,所以在提高其过滤效果的同时对过滤阻力的影响不大。
实现本发明的技术方案是:一种抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)配置HBP溶液:将乙二胺溶解于甲醇溶液中,在冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加丙烯酸甲酯,之后移去冰浴在氮气环境下室温反应4-8h,之后将反应所得产物置于旋转蒸发仪中升温处理并抽真空,得到黄色透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到HBP(超支化聚合物)溶液;
(2)将硝酸银溶液和偶联剂混合进行表面处理;之后向表面处理后的混合液中加入步骤(1)得到的HBP溶液中,反应后得到Ag/HBP混合液;
(3)将无纺布放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍2h,浸渍后进行热处理,热处理温度为30-150℃、时间为30-120min,得到过滤无纺布。
所述步骤(1)中丙烯酸甲酯与乙二胺的摩尔比为(1:2)-(2:1)。
所述步骤(1)中旋转蒸发仪中处理的条件为:温度60-150℃,时间4-7h。
所述步骤(2)中硅烷偶联剂环氧基硅烷偶联剂、异氰酸酯硅烷偶联剂、巯基硅烷偶联剂或硫基硅烷偶联剂。
所述步骤(2)中硝酸银溶液浓度为0.001~0.015mol/L,硅烷偶联剂的用量为硝酸银质量的1.5%。
所述步骤(3)中Ag/HBP混合液与无纺布的质量比为(30-150):1。
所述步骤(3)中无纺布为熔喷/静电纺无纺布。
所述熔喷/静电纺无纺布的基布原料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、壳聚糖、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚砜和聚醚砜中的任意一种。
所述步骤(2)中的无纺布为非极性材料时,首先将非极性材料的无纺布浸渍于壳聚糖或聚乙烯醇溶液中进行改性,之后将改性后的无纺布放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明制备的无纺布能够在个人防护用品中使用,也可用于家居、办公环境等的空气净化器中使用,可大幅提高对微小粒子的过滤,并且具有杀灭空气中尘埃粒子携带的细菌等功能;
(2)本发明首先利用偶联剂对硝酸银进行表面处理,使得硝酸银表面含有大量的活性离子,能更好地与超支化聚合物上的氨端基进行反应,将银粒子包裹在聚合物中,制备出具有氨端基高聚物包裹的支化银粒子溶液(Ag/HBP),并通过浸渍的方式将其渗入无纺布的空隙中,利用银粒子表面的氨端基与无纺布表面的极性基团反应提高两者的结合力,保证在使用过程中粒子的长效性,同时使其在过滤微粒过程中利用氨端基的极性,与富含有害气体的空气尘埃产生静电吸附作用,从而提高其抗菌过滤效果;
(3)本发明通过控制超支化聚合物的支化度和分子链,使其在过滤过程中,具有较低的滤阻;同时较大的支化度端基上大量的氨端基在过滤过程中发挥显著的静电吸附效用,因此其可在常规无纺布的表面处理过程中,使其具有高效低阻且抗菌的综合优异性能。
附图说明
图1为Ag/HBP纳米粒子的结构示意图;
图2为实施例1制备的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)将0.5mol乙二胺溶于100mL甲醇中,混合均匀后在冰浴条件下逐滴滴加丙烯酸甲酯(0.5mol),之后移去冰浴,在氮气环境下于室温搅拌6h,将混合物倒入旋转蒸发仪中去除甲醇(150℃,4h),抽真空,得到黄色透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到超支化聚合物(HBP);
(2)将0.01mol/L的AgNO3水溶液及其量1.5%的异氰酸酯硅烷偶联剂混合,逐滴加入到2g/L的HBP(100mL)水溶液中,于50℃水浴中反应1h,得到浅黄色半透明的Ag/HBP混合液;
(3)将熔喷/静电纺极性聚合物无纺布(基布原料为聚酯),由于聚酯是非极性的材料,首先将无纺布浸入到浸渍于壳聚糖溶液中进行改性,之后将改性的无纺布放入到Ag/HBP混合液中,保持液体和织物比为50:1,于120℃下50min后取出进行干燥,得到具有抗菌功能的高效过滤材料。
本实施例制备抗菌高效过滤材料所配需Ag/HBP混合液的结构简图如图1所示,可见,所得为具有氨端基的高支化纳米银粒子。本实施例制备抗菌高效过滤材料的制备工艺流程图如图2所示。
实施例2
(1)首先制备超支化聚合物(HBP):在冰浴条件下,将0.6mol乙二胺溶于100mL甲醇中,混合均匀后逐滴滴加丙烯酸甲酯(0.45mol),之后移去冰浴,在氮气环境下于室温搅拌6h后将混合物倒入旋转蒸发仪中去除甲醇(120℃,7h),得到黄色粘性透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到超支化聚合物(HBP)。
(2)将0.005mol/L的AgNO3水溶液及其量1.5%的环氧基硅烷偶联剂混合,逐滴加入到2g/L的HBP(100mL)水溶液中,于50℃水浴中反应2h,得到浅黄色半透明的Ag/HBP混合液。
(3)将熔喷/静电纺极性聚合物无纺布(基布原料为聚丙烯腈)浸入到Ag/HBP混合液中,保持液体和织物比为150:1,于70℃下100min后取出进行干燥,得到具有抗菌功能的高效过滤材料。
实施例3
(1)首先制备超支化聚合物(HBP):在冰浴条件下,将0.4mol乙二胺溶于100mL甲醇中,混合均匀后逐滴滴加丙烯酸甲酯(0.6mol),之后移去冰浴,在氮气环境下于室温搅拌6h后将混合物倒入旋转蒸发仪中去除甲醇(120℃,7h),得到黄色粘性透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到超支化聚合物(HBP)。
(2)将0.015mol/L的AgNO3水溶液及其量1.5%的巯基硅烷偶联剂混合,逐滴加入到2g/L的HBP(100mL)水溶液中,于50℃水浴中反应2h,得到浅黄色半透明的Ag/HBP混合液。
(3)将熔喷/静电纺极性聚合物无纺布(基布原料为聚乳酸)浸入到Ag/HBP混合液中,保持液体和织物比为90:1,于50℃下处理120min后取出进行干燥,得到具有抗菌功能的高效过滤材料。
实施例4
(1)首先制备超支化聚合物(HBP):在冰浴条件下,将0.4mol乙二胺溶于100mL甲醇中,混合均匀后逐滴滴加丙烯酸甲酯(0.6mol),之后移去冰浴,在氮气环境下于室温搅拌6h后将混合物倒入旋转蒸发仪中去除甲醇(130℃,6h),得到黄色粘性透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到超支化聚合物(HBP)。
(2)将0.008mol/L的AgNO3水溶液及其量1.5%的硫基硅烷偶联剂混合,逐滴加入到2g/L的HBP(100mL)水溶液中,于50℃水浴中反应2h,得到浅黄色半透明的Ag/HBP混合液。
(3)将熔喷/静电纺极性聚合物无纺布(基布原料为壳聚糖)浸入到Ag/HBP混合液中,保持液体和织物比为100:1,于90℃下处理70min后取出进行干燥,得到具有抗菌功能的高效过滤材料。
实施例5
(1)首先制备超支化聚合物(HBP):在冰浴条件下,将0.6mol乙二胺溶于100mL甲醇中,混合均匀后逐滴滴加丙烯酸甲酯(0.3mol),之后移去冰浴,在氮气环境下于室温搅拌6h后将混合物倒入旋转蒸发仪中去除甲醇(130℃,6h),得到黄色粘性透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到超支化聚合物(HBP)。
(2)将0.01mol/L的AgNO3水溶液及其量1.5%的异氰酸酯硅烷偶联剂混合,逐滴加入到2g/L的HBP(100mL)水溶液中,于50℃水浴中反应2h,得到浅黄色半透明的Ag/HBP混合液。
(3)将熔喷/静电纺极性聚合物无纺布(基布原料为聚酰胺)浸入到Ag/HBP混合液中,保持液体和织物比为120:1,于150℃下处理30min后取出进行干燥,得到具有抗菌功能的高效过滤材料。
实施例6
(1)配置HBP溶液:将乙二胺溶解于甲醇溶液中,在冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸甲酯与乙二胺的摩尔比为1:1,之后移去冰浴在氮气环境下室温反应4h,之后将反应所得产物置于旋转蒸发仪中升温处理并抽真空,旋转蒸发仪中处理的温度60℃、时间7h,得到黄色透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到HBP溶液;
(2)将浓度为0.001mol/L硝酸银溶液和环氧类硅烷偶联剂混合进行表面处理,偶氮类偶联剂的用量为硝酸银质量的1.5%;之后向表面处理后的混合液中加入步骤(1)得到的HBP溶液中,反应后得到Ag/HBP混合液;
(3)将无纺布(基布原料为聚丙烯),由于聚丙烯是非极性的材料,首先将无纺布浸入到浸渍于聚乙烯醇溶液中进行改性,之后将改性的无纺布放入到Ag/HBP混合液中,放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍2h,Ag/HBP混合液与无纺布的质量比为30:1,浸渍后进行热处理,热处理温度为30℃、时间为120min,得到过滤无纺布。
实施例7
(1)配置HBP溶液:将乙二胺溶解于甲醇溶液中,在冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸甲酯与乙二胺的摩尔比为1:2,之后移去冰浴在氮气环境下室温反应5h,之后将反应所得产物置于旋转蒸发仪中升温处理并抽真空,旋转蒸发仪中处理的温度100℃、时间5h,得到黄色透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到HBP溶液;
(2)将浓度为0.008mol/L硝酸银溶液和异氰酸酯硅烷偶联剂混合进行表面处理,偶氮类偶联剂的用量为硝酸银质量的1.5%;之后向表面处理后的混合液中加入步骤(1)得到的HBP溶液中,反应后得到Ag/HBP混合液;
(3)将无纺布(基布原料为聚砜)放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍2h,Ag/HBP混合液与无纺布的质量比为90:1,浸渍后进行热处理,热处理温度为90℃、时间为80min,得到过滤无纺布。
实施例8
(1)配置HBP溶液:将乙二胺溶解于甲醇溶液中,在冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸甲酯与乙二胺的摩尔比为2:1,之后移去冰浴在氮气环境下室温反应8h,之后将反应所得产物置于旋转蒸发仪中升温处理并抽真空,旋转蒸发仪中处理的温度150℃、时间4h,得到黄色透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到HBP溶液;
(2)将浓度为0.015mol/L硝酸银溶液和巯基硅烷偶联剂混合进行表面处理,偶氮类偶联剂的用量为硝酸银质量的1.5%;之后向表面处理后的混合液中加入步骤(1)得到的HBP溶液中,反应后得到Ag/HBP混合液;
(3)将无纺布(基布原料为聚醚砜)放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍2h,Ag/HBP混合液与无纺布的质量比为150:1,浸渍后进行热处理,热处理温度为150℃、时间为30min,得到过滤无纺布。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)配置HBP溶液:将乙二胺溶解于甲醇溶液中,在冰浴条件下,缓慢滴加丙烯酸甲酯,之后移去冰浴在氮气环境下室温反应4-8h,之后将反应所得产物置于旋转蒸发仪中升温处理并抽真空,得到黄色透明固体,用乙醚多次沉降后透析,得到HBP溶液;
(2)将硝酸银溶液和硅烷偶联剂混合进行表面处理;之后向表面处理后的混合液中加入步骤(1)得到的HBP溶液中,反应后得到Ag/HBP混合液;
(3)将无纺布放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍2h,浸渍后进行热处理,热处理温度为30-150℃、时间为30-120min,得到过滤无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中丙烯酸甲酯与乙二胺的摩尔比为(1:2)-(2:1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌高效过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中旋转蒸发仪中处理的条件为:温度60-150℃,时间4-7h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌高效过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中硅烷偶联剂为环氧基硅烷偶联剂、异氰酸酯硅烷偶联剂、巯基硅烷偶联剂或硫基硅烷偶联剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中硝酸银溶液浓度为0.001~0.015mol/L,硅烷偶联剂的用量为硝酸银质量的1.5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中Ag/HBP混合液与无纺布的质量比为(30-150):1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中无纺布为熔喷/静电纺无纺布。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述熔喷/静电纺无纺布的基布原料为聚酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、壳聚糖、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚砜和聚醚砜中的任意一种。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的抗菌高效过滤无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的无纺布为非极性材料时,首先将无纺布浸渍于壳聚糖或聚乙烯醇溶液中进行改性,之后将改性后的无纺布放入步骤(2)的Ag/HBP混合液中浸渍。
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