CN106904048A - 带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车、尤其载重车辆 - Google Patents

带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车、尤其载重车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106904048A
CN106904048A CN201610942336.9A CN201610942336A CN106904048A CN 106904048 A CN106904048 A CN 106904048A CN 201610942336 A CN201610942336 A CN 201610942336A CN 106904048 A CN106904048 A CN 106904048A
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Prior art keywords
bridge
commercial car
wheel
hydraulic
gear
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Inventor
P.瓦格纳
J.弗莱施哈克
P.贝雷尔
M.彼得
F-G.雷施
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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Application filed by MAN Truck and Bus SE filed Critical MAN Truck and Bus SE
Publication of CN106904048A publication Critical patent/CN106904048A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/052—Pneumatic spring characteristics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/36—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving tandem wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0015—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
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    • B60K2007/0069—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being perpendicular to the wheel axle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车、尤其载重汽车，具体而言，带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车、尤其载重车辆（LKW）或公共汽车。双桥机构具有被驱动的第一桥（9）和被驱动的第二桥，其中，第一桥（9）能够通过机械的驱动系（4）来驱动并且被驱动的第二桥（30；40；50；60）能够由静液压的驱动器的至少一个液压马达（20）来驱动。

Description

带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车、尤其载重车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及带有至少一个双桥机构（Doppelachsaggregat）的商用车、尤其载重车辆（LKW）或公共汽车。
背景技术
由现有技术已知如下商用车、尤其LKW，其具有带有两个被驱动的桥的双桥机构。双桥机构还称为所谓的两桥（Tandemachse）。在双桥机构中，桥间距通常小于2米，参见例如商用车技术：基础、系统、构件, ISBN 978-3-8348-1795-2, Stefan Breuer（编者）,Springer Vieweg, 2012（Nutzfahrzeugtechnik: Grundlagen, Systeme, Komponenten,ISBN 978-3-8348-1795-2, Stefan Breuer（Hrsg.）, Springer Vieweg, 2012）。在两个被驱动的桥之间的桥负荷平衡能够或者通过能够摆动的中支承件进行，也就是说桥通过摆杆与彼此连接或者通过中间的支承件相对彼此能够摆动。所述实施方式作为所谓的装板簧（blattgefederte）的双桥机构已知。然而还已知装气动弹簧（luftgefederte）的双桥机构，在其中车辆水平调节通过路况吸收器（Wegaufnehmer）来控制，也就是说双桥机构的两个桥相对彼此的交错（Verschränkung）通过空气压力来调整。双桥机构的轮通常是同类的，也就是说全部都或者单重或者双重装轮胎并且不能够转向。
图1示出带有两个被驱动的桥9、10的传统的双桥机构的简化的图示，其中，桥在车辆的承载框架处例如借助于板簧机构的连结没有示出。双桥机构的在车辆的行驶方向上来看的前部的桥9通过驱动轴2（所述驱动轴布置在车辆的内燃机/传动机构-机构和双桥机构之间）来驱动。布置在驱动轴上的驱动锥齿轮在此与双桥机构的前部的桥9的桥差速器13的盘形齿轮处于接合。
为了驱动双桥机构的第二桥10在双桥机构的两个桥9、10之间设置有直通传动桥（Durchtriebsachse）或关节轴（Gelenkwelle）11。
此外由现有技术已知如下商用车，其具有至少两个液压的轮马达用于驱动至少两个轮。所述至少两个轮马达集成到闭合的静液压的循环中（hydrostatischen Kreislauf）。由此能够相对于带有持久的全轮驱动的车辆来实现巨大的重量和效率优点，尤其在如下车辆中，在其中全轮驱动仅仅需要用于实际上的行驶路段的小的部分。
图2示出这种由现有技术已知的驱动器系统的示意性的图示，如所述驱动器系统例如由文件EP 1 886 861 A2已知的那样。驱动器系统包括传统的、机械地通过驱动轴2驱动的后桥9，其中，驱动轴2与后桥9的桥差速器13处于有效连接。驱动器系统此外包括至少两个借助于液压的轮马达RM能够驱动的前轮1，所述前轮能够转向地布置在前桥3处。两个轮马达RM集成到闭合的静液压的循环中。在此将主泵5机械地通过车辆的传动系4来驱动。通过控制阀7能够将两个轮马达RM接通。此外能够布置有供给泵6，以便补偿出现的内部的和外部的泄漏量。在液压机构循环中能够为前轮1布置有作为液压的横差速器（Querdifferential）作用的、通过控制块调节的压力油分配器8，所述压力油分配器引起轮马达RM的油供给划分成适宜地一样大的油流Q1和Q2。以这种方式实现液压作用的横锁止器。由EP 2 559 581 A2已知带有静液压的附加驱动器的驱动器系统，所述驱动器系统与在图2中所描述的基本上如下区别，即代替作为液压的横差速器作用的压力油分配器8将制动系统如下实施，即使得所述制动系统作为用于前轮1的锁止差速器作用。由公开文献US2015/0247404 A1已知液压的装置，例如用于用作用于驱动车辆桥的静液压的驱动器的液压的马达。尤其在轮马达自身的水平上描述静液压的马达的接通的结构上的转变。带有能够驶出的活塞的静液压的轮驱动器由毂（固定）、轮（可运动）和驱动装置（带有能够驶出的活塞的径向活塞马达）构成。驱动装置在此如下设计，即使得所述驱动装置固定地与毂或轮连接并且通过能够驶出的活塞能够将转矩施加到相应另外的搭配件（Partner）上。尤其提出，排除与轮或毂的固定的连接、例如通过联结器，也就是说在需要时使得驱动机构能够自由地相对于毂和轮转动。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供带有改善的双桥机构的商用车，利用所述商用车能够避免传统的双桥机构的缺点。本发明的任务尤其是，提供带有两个被驱动的桥的双桥机构，利用所述双桥机构能够实现效率优点。
所述任务通过带有独立权利要求的特征的商用车解决。本发明的有利的实施方式和应用方案为从属权利要求的主题并且在下面的描述中部分参考图来进一步阐述。
根据本发明的通常的观点，提供带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车。双桥机构具有被驱动的第一桥和被驱动的第二桥。在此第一桥由商用车的驱动系以传统的方式来驱动，其中，例如第一桥与驱动轴（所述驱动轴布置在内燃机/传动机构-机构和第一桥之间）运动耦联。根据本发明的双桥机构的特点在于，被驱动的第二桥由辅助驱动器驱动，所述辅助驱动器无关于商用车的主驱动器地能够接通和断开并且能够控制，所述主驱动器驱动第一桥。
本发明的特别的优点因此在于，从双桥机构的第一桥到第二桥没有设置直通传动器（Durchtrieb）或关节轴。因此能够放弃消耗的直通传动桥。此外能够实现效率优点，因为附加驱动器仅仅能够在如下运行阶段中接通，在所述运行阶段中实际上需要所述附加驱动器、例如于在松软的、泥泞的或冰冷的底土（Untergrund）上开动时。
根据一种特别优选的实施例，辅助驱动器为静液压的辅助驱动器，从而第二桥能够由静液压的驱动器的至少一个液压马达来驱动。利用静液压的附加驱动器能够在为静液压的驱动器所需的构件的相对小的重量的情况下实现高的转矩。
在商用车的双桥机构中，不同于后运行或前运行桥，两个桥设计用于相同的承载负荷。此外使得两个桥同类地装轮胎，也就是说两个桥的轮或者全部都双重装轮胎或者全部都单重地装轮胎。双桥机构的桥的轮不能够转向。两个桥在商用车的行驶方向上的间距通常小于两米。因为第二桥流体静力学地驱动并且没有利用直通传动器与第一桥连接，故第二桥能够实施为升降桥（Liftachse）。在这种情况中第二桥优选地装气动弹簧。
商用车尤其为带有超过60km/h的允许的最高速度的商用车和/或为如下商用车，其具有作用于商用车的至少两个轮的轮制动机构。商用车优选地为载重车辆（LKW）或公共汽车。
表述“第一桥”和“第二桥”仅仅用于区分双桥机构的两个桥。根据一种优选的实施方式，第一桥为双桥机构的关于车辆的向前行驶方向前部的桥并且第二桥为双桥机构的关于行驶方向后部的桥。根据一种备选的实施方式，第一桥为双桥机构的关于车辆的向前行驶方向后部的桥并且第二桥为双桥机构的关于行驶方向前部的桥。
静液压的驱动器能够以本身已知的方式包括由驱动马达、尤其内燃机驱动的液压泵和至少一个与液压泵通过液压的工作线路连接的液压马达，所述液压马达设置成用于驱动双桥机构的第二桥。不仅液压泵而且液压马达能够构造为静液压的径向活塞机器。同样能够实现将液压泵或液压马达实施为轴向活塞单元。尤其不仅液压泵而且液压马达能够构造为结构类型相同的径向活塞机器。
双桥机构的桥能够以已知的方式实施为准双曲面或外行星桥（Hypoid- oder Außenplanetenachsen）。
下面描述本发明的不同的设计形式，所述设计形式涉及液压的马达布置在第二桥处。
根据一种优选的设计形式，液压马达能够在外部用法兰连接在第二桥的桥壳体处，其中，液压马达的驱动轴与第二桥的布置在桥壳体中的桥差速器有效连接。代替第二桥的桥差速器由第一桥的直通传动器来驱动（如这在传统的带有两个被驱动的桥的双桥机构中是这样的情况那样），根据所述设计形式使得桥差速器由由液压的马达驱动的轴来驱动。所述设计形式提供如下优点，即在第二桥的桥体的内部的构建处不需要或需要仅仅小的改型，以便使得所述第二桥代替利用第一桥的直通传动器而此时流体静力学地驱动。
所述设计形式的一种变型方案规定，桥差速器为锥齿轮差速传动机构，具有盘形齿轮、成对的桥锥齿轮和成对的平衡锥齿轮，其中，桥锥齿轮与平衡锥齿轮啮合并且其中，安坐在液压马达的驱动轴上的驱动齿轮、例如驱动锥齿轮与桥差速器的盘形齿轮处于接合。
根据另一优选的设计形式，液压马达能够布置在第二桥的桥壳体中或集成到桥壳体中。液压马达因此不是在外部布置桥壳体处，而是布置在桥壳体之内。根据所述设计形式，液压马达的同轴于第二桥能够旋转的部件与第二桥的桥差速器的外罩有效连接。液压马达因此直接地并且不是间接地通过盘形齿轮来驱动桥差速器的外罩。能够因此以有利的方式放弃盘形齿轮和与盘形齿轮啮合的、用于驱动桥差速器的外罩的驱动锥齿轮。液压马达能够安坐在桥差速器的轴上。所述设计形式的另一优点是小的要求的结构空间，因为在第二桥的桥壳体之外不需要用于针对液压马达的布置的结构空间。
所述设计形式的一种变型方案规定，在外罩中支承有承载平衡齿轮的桥插销（Achsbolzen），其中，所述平衡齿轮与布置在轮驱动轴上的桥轴齿轮啮合并且所述齿轮构造为锥齿轮。根据所述变型方案，液压马达实施为本身已知的径向活塞马达，具有外部的、固定的凸轮环（Kurvenring）和内部的、环绕的缸体壳体，所述缸体壳体抗转动地与外罩连接，以便使得所述外罩旋转并且通过所述外罩来驱动第二桥。
根据另一优选的设计形式设置有两个液压马达用于驱动第二桥，所述液压马达集成到桥壳体中。根据所述设计形式，第二桥具有两个同轴或彼此对齐布置的轮驱动轴，所述轮驱动轴分别在轮侧与轮抗转动地连接并且在另一端部与两个液压马达中的一个有效连接。所述变型方案提供如下优点，即能够放弃桥差速器，因为两个轮驱动轴不再与彼此运动耦联。第二桥的两个轮的轮转速能够通过相应不同地操控两个液压马达来匹配。两个轮驱动轴优选地为插接轴。
所述设计形式的一种变型方案规定，两个液压马达布置在第二桥的桥壳体的中部或在中间的区域中。这提供如下优点，即使得由于桥差速器的省去而放空的结构空间能够用于布置液压马达。
根据另一变型方案，两个液压马达能够分别布置在第二桥的桥壳体的不同的轮侧的端部区域处。液压马达因此在外部布置在桥中。这提供如下优点，即使得不需要长的、弹性的插接轴。液压马达能够在带有或没有外行星总成（Außenplanetensatz）的情况下将其驱动功率传递到轮上。在液压马达和轮毂之间的外行星总成提供如下优点，即使得能够产生较高的转矩。两个液压马达能够在轴向方向上向内偏置于相应的轮毂布置。两个液压马达然而还能够实施为轮毂马达，也就是说直接安置在轮毂处。
除了根据本发明的辅助驱动器作为静液压的驱动器的示例性强调的实施方案之外，所述辅助驱动器还能够实施为电的驱动器，从而被驱动的第二桥由至少一个电动马达代替所述至少一个液压马达来驱动。根据辅助驱动器的这种备选的实施方案，还能够转用之前提及的实施方式和变型方案，其中，能够相应将液压马达通过电的马达代替。代替静液压的驱动器的流体线路和液压泵能够相应设置有电的能量储存器和/或由驱动系驱动的电的发电机以及电的线路。
附图说明
本发明的另外的细节和优点在下面参考附上的附图来描述。其中：
图1示出朝传统的双桥机构的示意性的俯视图；
图2示出用于根据现有技术带有液压地驱动的轮马达的机动车的驱动器系统的示意性的图示；以及
图3至6示出根据本发明的各种实施方式的双桥机构的液压地驱动的桥的示意性的图示。
附图标记列表
1 轮
2 驱动轴
3 前桥
4 传动系
5 主泵
6 供给泵
7 控制阀
8 压力油分配器
9 双桥机构的前部的桥
10 双桥机构的后部的桥
11 直通传动器
12 桥壳体
13 桥差速器、例如锥齿轮差速传动机构
14 桥差速器的驱动齿轮、例如盘形齿轮
15 外罩
15、15a、15b、16、16a、16b 轮驱动轴
17 驱动轴
18 驱动锥齿轮
19 法兰区域
20 液压马达
30、40、50、60 双桥机构的流体静力学地驱动的第二桥
RM 液压的轮毂马达。
具体实施方式
相同的或功能上等效的元件在所有的图中利用相同的附图标记表示。
实施方式（其根据图1和2涉及现有技术并且根据图3至6涉及本发明）的在图中示出的方面部分相协调，其中，类似的或相同的部件设有相同的附图标记并且关于它们的阐述还参阅一个或多个其它的实施方式的描述，以便避免重复。
图3示出商用车的双桥机构的两个被驱动的桥30中的一个的强烈示意性的原理图示的横截面。在当前，桥30呈现为双桥机构的在向前行驶方向上来看后部的桥。前部的桥（没有示出）以本身已知的方式来实施并且通过商用车的机械的驱动系来驱动，如这例如在图1中示出的那样。
在两个被驱动的桥之间的桥负荷平衡能够或者通过能够摆动的中支承件进行，也就是说桥通过摆杆与彼此连接或通过中间的支承件能够相对彼此摆动。所述实施方式作为所谓的装板簧的双桥机构已知。备选地双桥机构能够实施为装气动弹簧的双桥机构。
第二桥30以本身已知的方式具有两个轮驱动轴15、16以及布置在其之间的以通常的锥齿轮差速传动机构的形式的桥差速器13，其中在图3中示出仅仅以盘形齿轮14的形式的驱动齿轮和外罩15。在外罩15中支承有承载平衡齿轮的桥插销，其中，平衡齿轮与布置在轮驱动轴上的桥轴齿轮啮合（相应没有示出）。平衡或桥轴齿轮分别构造为锥齿轮。由轮驱动轴驱动的车辆轮同样没有示出。此外在图3和下面的图中为了强调根据本发明的静液压的驱动器而没有示出另外的布置在桥壳体中的构件和结构部件、如例如支撑件、油池、阻塞板材等，它们能够以通常的方式实施。
不同于双桥机构的在图1中示出的和由现有技术已知的实施方案，从第一桥到第二桥30不存在直通传动器，以便驱动盘形齿轮14和由此第二桥30。
与此代替地，被驱动的第二桥30由静液压的驱动器的液压马达20来驱动。液压马达20在外部在第二桥30的桥壳体12处用法兰连接在法兰区域19处。由液压马达驱动的驱动轴17在其远侧的端部处具有驱动锥齿轮18，所述驱动锥齿轮与第二桥30的布置在桥壳体12中的桥差速器13的盘形齿轮14啮合。液压马达20集成到本身已知的闭合的静液压的循环中、例如类似于在图2中示出的示例，其中，液压泵机械地通过车辆的传动系4驱动并且通过流体线路液压地与液压马达20连接。
由现有技术已知将液压泵、例如液压定量泵通过机械的驱动系驱动的各种类型。例如液压泵能够进行轮传动并且通过固定的机械的变速比与机械地驱动的桥的轮连接。在所述桥和液压定量泵之间设置有联结器、例如盘片式负荷切换联结器（Lamellen-Lastschaltkupplung）。在另一变型方案中能够例如将车辆的内燃机（或内燃机的曲轴）通过联结器起传动作用地与使功率分支的环绕齿轮传动机构（Umlaufrädergetriebe）的输入轴连接。例如以行星传动机构的形式的环绕齿轮传动机构使通过输入轴引入的功率分成静液压的和机械的功率分支。尤其环绕齿轮传动机构的第一输出轴直接驱动双桥机构的第一桥的平衡传动机构并且由此形成机械的功率分支。环绕齿轮传动机构的第二输出轴通过齿轮级来驱动液压泵并且由此形成静液压的功率分支。液压泵又通过液压机构线路驱动液压机构马达20。通过控制阀使得液压马达20能够接通和断开。此外能够布置有供给泵，以便补偿出现的内部的和外部的泄漏量。外部的泄漏量通常理解为如下量，所述量利用裸眼不可辨别。液压马达20和液压泵分别构造为静液压的径向活塞机器。
图4至6示出本发明的另外的可行的实施方式。在此带有相同的附图标记的构件相应于图3的构件并且没有单独描述。在下面仅仅强调实施方式的区别和特点。
在图4中示出的实施方式的特点在于，液压马达20不是在外部用法兰连接在桥壳体12处，而是布置在第二桥40的桥壳体12的内部中。在此液压马达20代替盘形齿轮14并且与此代替地直接驱动桥差速器13的外罩15。液压马达20为径向活塞马达，具有外部的、固定的凸轮环和内部的、环绕的缸体壳体，所述缸体壳体抗转动地与外罩15连接并且能够将所述外罩因此置于旋转运动。在外罩15中又支承有承载平衡齿轮的桥插销，其中，所述平衡齿轮与布置在轮驱动轴上的桥轴齿轮啮合，它们分别构造为锥齿轮。驱动轴17和驱动锥齿轮18因此在图4的实施方式中同样不必要。
在图5中示出的实施方式的特点在于，两个液压马达20支承在第二桥50的桥壳体12的中部。两个轮驱动轴15a、16a实施为插接轴并且在轮侧与轮抗转动地连接并且在另一端部与两个液压马达20中的一个有效连接。省去桥差速器。轮驱动轴15a、16a中的每个因此由两个液压马达20中的一个来驱动。在液压马达20和轮驱动轴之间的有效连接能够可选地还通过外行星传动机构（Außenplanetengetriebe）进行，以便实现转矩提高。
在图6中示出的实施方式的特点在于，两个液压马达20分别布置在第二桥60的桥壳体12的不同的轮侧的端部区域12a、12b处。轮驱动轴15b、16b又实施为插接轴，但现在相应较短地实施。同样在所述实施方式中不再需要桥差速器，因为液压马达20能够将两个轮驱动轴15b、16b分别与彼此无关地驱动。
液压马达20能够可选地在带有或没有外行星总成的情况下将其驱动功率传递到轮上。两个液压马达能够在轴向方向上向内偏置于相应的轮毂来布置。两个液压马达然而还能够实施为轮毂马达，也就是说直接安置在轮毂处、类似于在图2中或在文件EP 1 886861 A2中描述的示例。
尽管本发明参考一定的实施例来描述，但对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，能够实施各种变型方案并且等效方案能够用作替代方案，而没有离开本发明的范围。附加地能够实施许多改型方案，而没有离开所属的范围。因此本发明不应该受限于公开的实施例，而是应该包括如下所有的实施例，其落到附上的权利要求的范围中。尤其本发明还要求对无关于参考的权利要求的从属权利要求的主题和特征进行保护。

Claims (14)

1. 带有至少一个双桥机构的商用车、尤其载重车辆或公共汽车，具有被驱动的第一桥（9）和被驱动的第二桥，其中，
所述第一桥（9）能够通过机械的驱动系（4）驱动，并且
所述被驱动的第二桥（30；40；50；60）能够由静液压的驱动器的至少一个液压马达（20）来驱动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述静液压的驱动器包括由驱动马达、尤其内燃机驱动的液压泵和至少一个与所述液压泵通过液压的工作线路连接的液压马达（20）。
3.根据权利要求1所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述第一桥为所述双桥机构的关于所述车辆的向前行驶方向前部的桥并且所述第二桥（30；40；50；60）为所述双桥机构的关于所述行驶方向后部的桥。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述液压马达（20）在外部用法兰连接在所述第二桥（30）的桥壳体（12）处并且所述液压马达（20）的驱动轴（17）与所述第二桥（30）的布置在所述桥壳体（12）中的桥差速器（13）有效连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述桥差速器（13）为锥齿轮差速传动机构，具有盘形齿轮（14）、成对的桥锥齿轮和成对的平衡锥齿轮，其中，安坐在所述液压马达（20）的驱动轴（17）上的驱动齿轮（18）与所述盘形齿轮（14）处于接合。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述液压马达（20）布置在所述第二桥（40）的桥壳体中并且所述液压马达（20）的同轴于所述第二桥（40）能够旋转的部件与所述第二桥（40）的桥差速器（13）的外罩（15）有效连接。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的商用车，其特征在于，
（a）在所述外罩（15）中支承有承载平衡齿轮的桥插销，其中，所述平衡齿轮与布置在轮驱动轴上的桥轴齿轮啮合并且这些平衡齿轮和桥轴齿轮构造为锥齿轮；以及
（b）所述液压马达为径向活塞马达，具有外部的、固定的凸轮环和内部的、环绕的缸体壳体，所述缸体壳体抗转动地与所述外罩（15）连接。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的商用车，其特征在于具有两个液压马达（20），其中，所述第二桥（50；60）具有两个同轴布置的轮驱动轴（15a、16a；15b、16b），所述轮驱动轴分别在轮侧与轮（1）抗转动地连接并且在另一端部与所述两个液压马达（20）中的一个有效连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述两个液压马达（20）布置在所述第二桥（50）的桥壳体（12）的中间的区域中。
10.根据权利要求8所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述两个液压马达（20）分别布置在所述第二桥（60）的桥壳体（12）的不同的轮侧的端部区域（12a、12b）处。
11. 根据权利要求10所述的商用车，其特征在于，
（a）所述两个液压马达实施为轮毂马达，或
（b）所述两个液压马达在轴向方向上偏置于相应的轮毂布置并且优选地通过外行星传动机构与所述轮处于有效连接。
12. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的商用车，其特征在于，代替用于所述第二桥的静液压的驱动器设置有电的驱动器，从而所述被驱动的第二桥由至少一个电动马达代替所述至少一个液压马达来驱动。
13. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述双桥机构的第一和/或第二桥
（a）分别设计用于相同的承载负荷；和/或
（b）同类地装轮胎；和/或
（c）具有在所述商用车的行驶方向上小于2米的间距；和/或
（d）实施为准双曲面或外行星桥。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的商用车，其特征在于，所述商用车为带有超过60km/h的允许的最高速度的商用车；和/或具有作用于所述商用车的至少两个轮的轮制动机构。
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