CN106900640A - A kind of BaMa miniature pig selection - Google Patents
A kind of BaMa miniature pig selection Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900640A CN106900640A CN201710039933.5A CN201710039933A CN106900640A CN 106900640 A CN106900640 A CN 106900640A CN 201710039933 A CN201710039933 A CN 201710039933A CN 106900640 A CN106900640 A CN 106900640A
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- 244000309715 mini pig Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010070551 Meat Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020997 lean meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010181 polygamy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010010 raising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000515 tooth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of BaMa miniature pig selection, including step：S1, a certain proportion of BaMa miniature pig boar and BaMa miniature pig sow are constituted into 0 generation core group, the boar and sow are bred, while controlling the coefficient of inbreeding；After S2, sow give birth to piglet, piglet of being selected and remain from every nest piglet determines weanling pig daily gain；S3, daily gain is filtered out with batch forward piglet, calculate the multiple selection index of the piglet, selected and remain out boar according to result of calculation；S4, rejecting are not met kind with the boar of standard, the boar setting replacement gilt Immunization programme that will be filtered out；S5, the sow and boar of equal number for needing in the boar substitution core group of replacement gilt Immunization programme to be eliminated will be participated in, bred afterwards；S6, repeat the above steps S2~S5,1 year generation, after 34 generations, the BaMa miniature pig improved.The litter size of BaMa miniature pig is improved；Meanwhile, daily gain, the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area, the intramuscular fat content of BaMa miniature pig are significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Animal Genetics field, more particularly to a kind of BaMa miniature pig selection.
Background technology
BaMa miniature pig originates in the remote mountain area that local ethnic group lives in concentrated communities, and is to cultivate to be formed by long-term nature inbreeding closing
Famous outstanding local varieties, being one has long raisings history and gene and best in quality and precious stably
Rare local small-sized pig variety.With individuality it is small, early sexual maturity, meat is tasty and delicious, fertilizer and it is oiliness, raise it is extensive, adapt to energy
Power and the strong feature of disease resistance.Adult body is high in 35~45cm, and body weight only has 40kg or so.Because BaMa miniature pig is small, it is easy to
Operation, breeding expenses are low, and its skin, cardiovascular, alimentary canal, immune system, kidney, eyeball and tooth etc. are dissected and raw in addition
Reason and Nutrition and Metabolism are similar to the mankind.Therefore, BaMa miniature pig is applied to scientific research research and development by experiment.But BaMa miniature pig should
With shortage technology platform and supporting condition, it is difficult to provide supporting technology service, it is difficult to form demonstration and popularizing action so that bar horse
Fragrant pig germplasm advantage can not be converted into Superiority of Scientific Research and application advantage, make it be difficult to form commercial scale, it is impossible to form benign
Development, simultaneously because BaMa miniature pig application context information lacks with technical specification, breeding technique applies less it on BaMa miniature pig
Very few, BaMa miniature pig production performance database is not set up, and systematicness carries out performance measurement kind pig farm not to be had temporarily.Kind is caused to be answered
Unclear with feature, the whole nation is presented cultivation and dissipates, the situation of small scale.
Existing BaMa miniature pig nest litter size is 7.72 ± 2.59, and number born alive is 7.53 ± 2.64；Nascent, 10d,
The body weight at 30d, 60d and 3 monthly ages is respectively 0.60 ± 0.16kg, 1.49 ± 0.61kg, 3.02 ± 0.87kg, 4.62 ± 1.43kg
With 7.78 ± 1.81kg, at the monthly age of marketing age about 10, body weight 40kg or so is delivered for sale.Fat content accounts for carcass weight ratio
22.7%, lean meat percentage is 49.4%, thickness of backfat 33mm, dressing percentge 29.3%；Color Score 3.37, marble grain scoring
3.58, pH value 6.07, intramuscular fat content 2.36%.Compared with external pig kind and China elsewhere pig kind, BaMa miniature pig meat
Protein, amino acid, Ca, P content are high, and fat and heat are low.
Intramuscular fat content is a key factor for influenceing meat, is improving the color and luster of pork, local flavor, tenderness and is holding
The aspects such as waterpower have positive role, have received extensive concern.There is certain influence on shearing force in pork intramuscular fat content, and
As the increase influence degree of storage time is varied from.Intramuscular fat and meat are proportionate, the local flavor of meat, succulence and tender
Degree has improvement, therefore improves intramuscular fat content, improves meat quality, it has also become the fresh target of pig breeding circle.
The content of the invention
In order to solve how on the premise of BaMa miniature pig intramuscular fat content is not influenceed to improve litter size
Technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of BaMa miniature pig selection.
Technical problem of the invention is solved by following technical scheme：A kind of BaMa miniature pig selection, including
Following steps：
S1, a certain proportion of BaMa miniature pig boar and BaMa miniature pig sow are constituted into 0 generation core group, by the boar and
The sow is bred, while controlling the coefficient of inbreeding；
After S2, sow give birth to piglet, piglet of being selected and remain from the piglet of the amount of survival more than 7 of every nest piglet is selected and remain down
After the weaned piglet for coming, weanling pig daily gain is determined；
S3, filter out daily gain in step S2 and, with batch forward piglet, calculate the multiple selection index of the piglet, root
Selected and remain out boar according to result of calculation；
S4, reject and do not meet in step S3 kind with the boar of standard, the boar setting replacement gilt Immunization programme that will be filtered out；
After replacement gilt Immunization programme terminates described in S5, step S4, the boar substitution of replacement gilt Immunization programme will be participated in
The sow and boar of equal number being eliminated are needed in core group, is bred afterwards；
S6, repeat the above steps S2~S5,1 year generation, by 3-4 from generation to generation after, the Ba Maxiang for being improved
Pig.
Specifically, in step s3, the multiple selection index is according to formula：
Multiple selection index=20% × the thickness of backfat+20% × eye muscle area of estimated breeding value estimated breeding value+60% ×
Intramuscular fat content estimated breeding value, is calculated.
Preferably, in step sl, the scope of the coefficient of inbreeding is 0%~3%.
Specifically, in step s 2, the piglet for getting off of selecting and remain is selected from every piglet of the nest amount of survival more than 7
Take；The piglet for getting off of selecting and remain includes 2-3 boar and 2-5 sow.
Preferably, by being introduced into, new blood lineage ensures per the boar of at least 6 affinity-less relations in from generation to generation and 5 without relationship
The sow of relation.
Preferably, every boar is at most used for producing 25 nest piglets.
Further, in step s 5, the sow and boar of the equal number being eliminated are according to the comprehensive choosing
The ranking for selecting index is eliminated, and eliminates sow and boar that the multiple selection index value ranks behind.
Further, the thickness of backfat estimated breeding value, the eye muscle area estimated breeding value, intramuscular fat content are estimated
Breeding value is to combine kind of pig breeding processing data software according to the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content to be calculated.
Specifically, the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content are measured by ultrasonic measuring instrument.
Specifically, in step s 6, the BaMa miniature pig of the improvement is with parameter：Daily gain, total yield coefficient, the thickness of backfat,
Eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content are estimated.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is compared with the prior art includes：Continuously after 3~4 BaMa miniature pigs of generation of cultivation,
BaMa miniature pig litter size about improves 1.2；Meanwhile, intramuscular fat content improves about 0.6%, and daily gain is about carried
0.05g high, eye muscle area about improves 0.6cm2；Back-fat thickness is also decreased obviously, and have dropped 5mm or so.
Specific embodiment
With reference to preferred embodiment the invention will be further described.
A kind of BaMa miniature pig selection, comprises the following steps：
S1, a certain proportion of BaMa miniature pig boar and BaMa miniature pig sow are constituted into 0 generation core group, by the boar and
The sow is bred, while controlling the coefficient of inbreeding；Specifically, the ratio of boar and sow is about 1:50, including 6 public affairs
Pig and 150 sows, the ratio that boar and sow can be selected in other examples are 1:45-1:60, quantity meets ratio
Example；
After S2, sow give birth to piglet, piglet of being selected and remain from every nest piglet after the weaned piglet for getting off of selecting and remain, determines wean
Piglet daily gain；Specifically, piglet daily gain refers to that piglet increases weight to the daily gain of 30kg since wean age on the 35th to piglet,
In other examples, it is also possible to grow to the daily gain of any weight of 25kg-35kg to piglet since day of weaning to piglet；
S3, filter out daily gain in step S2 and, with batch forward piglet, calculate the multiple selection index of the piglet, root
Selected and remain out boar according to result of calculation；Specifically, daily gain data 45 piglets before same batch are selected, in other examples
The piglet of any amount of 40-50 before same batch can be selected；According to the multiple selection index of preceding 45 piglets, from big to small
Sequence, select the piglet of first 30, in other examples can also selected and sorted preceding 25-35 piglet；
S4, reject and do not meet in step S3 kind with the boar of standard, the boar setting replacement gilt Immunization programme that will be filtered out；
Specifically, finally select and remain more than the pig of standby supplemental amount 15%；
If it should be noted that participate in replacement gilt Immunization programme after boar in there is unsound pig, also including will
The unsound pig removal.
After replacement gilt Immunization programme terminates described in S5, step S4, the boar substitution of replacement gilt Immunization programme will be participated in
The sow and boar of equal number being eliminated are needed in core group, is bred afterwards；Specifically treating newly to enter standby pig
Bred in good time during 6 monthly age；
S6, repeat the above steps S2~S5,1 year generation, after 3 generations, the Ba Maxiang for being improved
Pig.After in other embodiments, or by 4 generations, the BaMa miniature pig improved.
It should be noted that the kind feature in kind standard is mainly shown as small, mouth is elongated, and volume is flat, without wrinkle, volume
Head has white line or an inverted-triangular hickie, ear it is thin it is small, uprightly slightly lean outward, carry on the back waist nick, chest breadth is justified, abdomen it is larger it is sagging do not mop floor,
Hoof is in jade green, and in two is black, middle white, some individuals back of the body waist slightly band blackspot, body black and white intersection has 2-5cm wide to hair color
Black matrix white hair fascia cinerea；Testis of Boar Pig development is normal, larger full, symmetrical, and sow vulva is not too small, do not upwarp, not abnormal
Shape.
In this embodiment, multiple selection index is according to formula described in step S3：
Multiple selection index=20% × thickness of backfat estimated breeding value (estimated breeding value, EBV)+
20% × eye muscle area EBV+60% × intramuscular fat content EBV, is calculated.
In this embodiment, in step sl, the coefficient of inbreeding is 3%；In other preferred embodiments,
The coefficient of inbreeding can also be controlled in the range of 0%~3%.
In this embodiment, the piglet for getting off of being selected and remain described in step S2 is more than 7 from every nest amount of survival
Chosen in piglet；The piglet for getting off of selecting and remain includes 1 boar and 2 sows；In other preferred embodiments, the choosing
The piglet for staying can also include 2-3 boar and 2-5 sow.
In this embodiment, ensure there are 6 boars and 5 of affinity-less relation per in the generation by being introduced into new blood lineage
The sow of head affinity-less relation.In some preferred embodiments, it is also possible in by being introduced into new blood lineage's guarantee per the generation at least
There are 6 boars and 5 sows of affinity-less relation of affinity-less relation.
In this embodiment, every boar is at most used for producing 25 nest piglets.
In this embodiment, the sow and boar of the equal number being eliminated described in step S5 are according to described
The ranking of multiple selection index is eliminated, and eliminates sow and boar that the multiple selection index value ranks behind.
Further, the thickness of backfat estimated breeding value, the eye muscle area estimated breeding value, intramuscular fat content are estimated
Breeding value is to combine kind of pig breeding processing data software according to the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content to be calculated.
Specifically, the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content are measured by ultrasonic measuring instrument.
It is to be measured using the type B ultrasounds of ALOKA SSD 500 in the present embodiment, it would however also be possible to employ other kinds of ultrasonic wave enters
Row is determined.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, described kind of pig breeding processing data software is that GBS kind pig breeding processing datas are soft
Part.
Specifically, in step s 6, the BaMa miniature pig of the improvement is with parameter：Daily gain, total yield coefficient, the thickness of backfat,
Eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content are estimated.
In this embodiment, experimental data is carried out significantly using T check analyses method in the softwares of SPSS 18.0
Sex differernce check analysis.2000 first 3 generation sample core group offspring, 0 generation sample core group offsprings' first with 500 of contrast increases day by day
Weight, litter size, the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area, the result of intramuscular fat content phenotypic number improvement situation are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
It should be noted that same row same letter mark person difference is not notable (P ＞ 0.05) in table 1, alphabetical in table (a,
B, c, d, f) e, no Special Significance, are intended merely to distinguish the difference of 0 generation and 3 generations.
Available from table 1,3 generations, daily gain, total yield coefficient, eye muscle area, intramuscular fat content was equal compared with 0 generation
There is conspicuousness to improve, BaMa miniature pig litter size about improves 1.2；Meanwhile, intramuscular fat content improves about
0.6%, daily gain about improves 0.05g, and eye muscle area about improves 0.6cm2；Back-fat thickness is also decreased obviously, and have dropped
5mm or so.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, sow pig is matched somebody with somebody using old boar, young boar is with old age
Sow, middle aged boar matches somebody with somebody middle aged sow, and a boar most nest principle of polygamy 25 is bred.
Also, it should be noted that in this embodiment, sow year turnover rate reaches more than 50%, and boar year updates
Rate is up to 100%；Year at least replaces 75 sows, averagely monthly replaces 6-7 sow；Boar year all replaces 6, average every two
Replace 1 boar within individual month.
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
Specific implementation of the invention is confined to these explanations.For those skilled in the art, do not taking off
On the premise of present inventive concept, some equivalent substitutes or obvious modification can also be made, and performance or purposes are identical, all should
When being considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of BaMa miniature pig selection, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, a certain proportion of BaMa miniature pig boar and BaMa miniature pig sow are constituted into 0 generation core group, by the boar and described
Sow is bred, while controlling the coefficient of inbreeding；
After S2, sow give birth to piglet, piglet of being selected and remain from every nest piglet after the weaned piglet for getting off of selecting and remain, determines weanling pig
Daily gain；
S3, filter out daily gain in step S2 and, with batch forward piglet, calculate the multiple selection index of the piglet, root
Selected and remain out boar according to result of calculation；
S4, reject and do not meet in step S3 kind with the boar of standard, the boar setting replacement gilt Immunization programme that will be filtered out；
After replacement gilt Immunization programme terminates described in S5, step S4, the boar substitution core of replacement gilt Immunization programme will be participated in
The sow and boar of equal number being eliminated are needed in group, is bred afterwards；
S6, repeat the above steps S2~S5,1 year generation, after 3~4 generations, the BaMa miniature pig improved.
2. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s3, the comprehensive selection refers to
Number is according to formula：
Multiple selection index=20% × thickness of backfat estimated breeding value+20% × eye muscle area+60% × intramuscular of estimated breeding value
Fat content estimated breeding value, is calculated.
3. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step sl, the coefficient of inbreeding
Scope is 0%~3%.
4. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 2, it is described to select and remain what is got off
Piglet is chosen from every piglet of the nest amount of survival more than 7；The piglet for getting off of selecting and remain includes 2-3 boar and 2-5
Head sow.
5. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Ensured per in the generation by being introduced into new blood lineage
At least 6 boars and 5 sows of affinity-less relation of affinity-less relation.
6. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Every boar is at most used for producing 25 nests son
Pig.
7. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 5, the phase being eliminated
With the sow and boar of quantity eliminated according to the ranking of the multiple selection index, eliminate the multiple selection index
Sow and boar that value ranks behind.
8. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is the thickness of backfat estimated breeding value, described
Eye muscle area estimated breeding value, intramuscular fat content estimated breeding value are according to the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content
Calculated with reference to breeding processing data software.
9. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：The thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular
Fat content is measured by ultrasonic measuring instrument.
10. BaMa miniature pig selection as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 6, the bar horse of the improvement
Fragrant pig is with parameter：Daily gain, total yield coefficient, the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content are estimated.
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| CN201710039933.5A CN106900640A (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | A kind of BaMa miniature pig selection |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110122415A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | The mating system of height inbreeding Experimental Miniature Pig closed colony |
| CN116724958A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-09-12 | 厦门农芯数字科技有限公司 | Sow breeding method, system and storage medium based on big data monitoring |
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| CN110122415A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | The mating system of height inbreeding Experimental Miniature Pig closed colony |
| CN110122415B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-06-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Breeding method of small pig closed group for high inbred experiment |
| CN116724958A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-09-12 | 厦门农芯数字科技有限公司 | Sow breeding method, system and storage medium based on big data monitoring |
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