CN106900185A - A kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine and the method that subsoiling land preparation is carried out using it - Google Patents

A kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine and the method that subsoiling land preparation is carried out using it Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106900185A
CN106900185A CN201710105048.2A CN201710105048A CN106900185A CN 106900185 A CN106900185 A CN 106900185A CN 201710105048 A CN201710105048 A CN 201710105048A CN 106900185 A CN106900185 A CN 106900185A
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China
Prior art keywords
chain
soil
deep
fertilizer
stalk
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CN201710105048.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106900185B (en
Inventor
陈素英
张子琦
董文旭
张西群
张喜英
张满义
邵立威
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Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS
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Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of CAS
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Publication of CN106900185A publication Critical patent/CN106900185A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method that subsoiling land preparation is carried out the present invention relates to deep-loosening soil-working machine and using it,Belong to agricultural machinery technology field,Including the frame of hauling machine and its rear end with press wheel,Trench digging unit and fertigation unit are installed in frame,Trench digging unit is one group of chain-type plough being arranged side by side,Chain is provided with one group of ditching knife on chain-type plough,Fertigation unit includes fertilizer box and the fertilizer applicator of setting is corresponded with chain-type plough,Fertigation unit is located at trench digging unit front end,The liquid fertilizer for being mixed with decay agent is filled in fertilizer box,Stalk with nitrogenous fertilizer and decay agent is brought into soil and is uniformly distributed in 50cm depth in soil by ditching knife,Each chain-type plough one subsoiling ditch of correspondence,Some stalk is distributed in the topsoil in whole soil after topsoil carries out rotary tillage,The probability that kind grain is seeded on stalk is substantially reduced,Emergence rate is significantly improved,And Nitrogen In Soils fertilizer is fully utilized,Decay agent accelerates the putrid fermentation of stalk,Be conducive to improving soil.

Description

A kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine and the method that subsoiling land preparation is carried out using it
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural machinery technological field, and in particular to a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine and carry out subsoiling land preparation using it Method.
Background technology
Existing deep-loosening soil-working machine major part is ditched with deep soil loosing shovel, and fertilizer is applied in subsoiling ditch, and fertilizer can not be with soil Earth is sufficiently mixed, and maize straw keeps flat on the ground, most of crushed stalk is distributed in topsoil by rotary tillage, due to topsoil In stalk amount it is larger, seed has most after planting with sowing machine and plants on stalk, so as to influence seed sprouting, this Outward, due in topsoil stalk amount it is big, easily blocked during planting with sowing machine operation, cause the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, influence plant growth, therefore Need to be improved existing subsoiling land preparation mode.
The content of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine and carry out subsoiling land preparation using it The stalk on ground can be drawn in and be uniformly embedded in the soil of 50cm or so depth by method, the equipment, in reducing topsoil Stalk total amount, significantly reduces kind of a situation of the grain sowing on stalk, improves emergence rate after planting, and mix using in fertilizer box The fertilizer for having decay agent can accelerate the fermentation of stalk in soil, play a part of to improve soil.
Concrete technical scheme of the invention is:
A kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine, including hauling machine and connection are in its back-end and the frame with land wheel, are provided with frame Trench digging unit and fertigation unit, trench digging unit is one group of chain-type plough being disposed side by side in frame, chain-type plough Upper that chain is provided with one group of ditching knife, fertigation unit sets including the fertilizer box in frame and with chain-type plough one-to-one corresponding The fertilizer applicator put, key point is that the fertigation unit is located at trench digging unit front end, and the liquid for being mixed with decay agent is filled in fertilizer box Fertilizer, the ditching knife cross section is half elliptic, and ditching knife is vertical with chain to be fixed, and its outer end is cutter head, and cutter head front end is preceding Knife face, rear end is rear knife face, and cutter head end face is 60-80 degree, cutter head end face and half elliptic exterior arc surface with rake face angle Angle is 40-70 degree, and the depth that the chain-type plough stretches into soil layer is 40-60cm.
Chain both sides are symmetrically arranged with two groups of ditching knifes in described chain-type plough, and two groups of ditching knifes are staggered.
Ridging unit is provided between described fertigation unit and trench digging unit, ridging unit includes being symmetricly set on frame The drainage plate of both sides and one group of ridging shovel one-to-one with chain-type plough gap, drainage plate are that rear end is intilted Circular slab, circular slab is installed in frame by jointed shaft.
Described ridging shovel is two deflectors of cross-fixing, and two deflector cross-fixing sides tilt backwards for upper end Direction, ridging shovel is located at where two neighboring chain-type plough gap on direction.
Described land wheel for be arranged on trench digging unit rear end and with chain-type plough before and after one-to-one one group of suppression Wheel.
Described cutter head outer surface is provided with wearing layer, and wearing layer raw material components include being mixed according to mass percent 40-50% tungsten carbide, the boron of 3-7%, the manganese of 3-7%, the iron powder of 40-50%.
Described wearing layer raw material components include according to mass percent mixed 45% tungsten carbide, 5% boron, 5% manganese, 45% iron powder.
Described decay agent is straw decomposition agent, and liquid fertilizer is purity nitrogen, additionally, increase in liquid fertilizer have urease inhibitor, Urease inhibitor selects quinhydrones, and the liquid fertilizer added in every kilogram of stalk includes that the straw decomposition agent of 3-5g and 3.5-4g are pure Nitrogen, the addition of quinhydrones is 5/1000ths of purity nitrogen.
Using the subsoiling land preparation method of deep-loosening soil-working machine as described above, key point is that described method is comprised the following steps:
A, fertilising
The liquid fertilizer that decay agent is mixed with fertilizer box is applied on field straw by fertilizer applicator;
B, subsoiling
Stalk is brought into and crushed in soil by the ditching knife in chain-type plough, and field forms the subsoiling area of strip-type Domain, subsoiling regional depth is 40-60cm and is wherein evenly distributed with the stalk after crushing;
C, rotary tillage
Field is carried out into rotary tillage apart from the topsoil of ground 6-8cm depth using rotary cultivator, subsoiling region middle-range 6- from the ground Crushing straw in 8cm depth is uniformly distributed in the topsoil in whole field, and formation is evenly distributed with the topsoil of crushing straw.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Deep-loosening soil-working machine in the present invention utilizes ditching knife by the stalk homogeneous band on ground Enter in spaced band, the depth of each band is 40-60cm, and fertigation unit is arranged on trench digging unit front end and applies Fertilizer in contain decay agent, stalk is divided into two parts after entering ground, most be located at topsoil lower section, only sub-fraction is located at In the topsoil of 6-8cm or so, the topsoil later stage of band by after rotary tillage, stalk therein is dispersed in the topsoil in whole field, Stalk in topsoil greatly reduces compared to subsoiling land preparation form in the prior art, and the stalk quantity on ground is also substantially reduced, In later stage seeding process, the probability that planting grain sowing can not contact on stalk with soil is significantly reduced, and the emergence rate for planting grain shows Write and improve, and, fertilising was carried out before trench digging, and fertilizer enters in the soil of band with stalk, compared to opening in the prior art Applied fertilizer after ditch, fertilizer is easier to be absorbed by crop root, crop growing state more preferably, and reduces residual fertilizer to soil The influence of earth, additionally, the stalk in the soil of band topsoil lower section is fermented in the presence of decay agent, can play improvement soil The effect of earth.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of deep-loosening soil-working machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of ditching knife in deep-loosening soil-working machine.
Fig. 4 is the right view of Fig. 3.
In accompanying drawing, 1, frame, 2, chain-type plough, 3, fertilizer box, 4, fertilizer applicator, 5, chain, 6, ditching knife, 601, knife Head, 602, rake face, 603, rear knife face, 7, drainage plate, 8, ridging shovel, 9, press wheel.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method that subsoiling land preparation is carried out the present invention relates to deep-loosening soil-working machine and using it, described deep-loosening soil-working machine bag Include hauling machine and connection in its back-end and the frame with land wheel 1, trench digging unit and fertigation unit, trench digging are installed in frame 1 Unit is one group of chain-type plough 2 being disposed side by side in frame 1, and chain 5 is provided with one group on chain-type plough 2 Ditching knife 6, fertigation unit includes the fertilizer box 3 in frame 1 and the fertilizer applicator 4 with the one-to-one corresponding setting of chain-type plough 2, described Fertigation unit is located at trench digging unit front end, and the liquid fertilizer for being mixed with decay agent is filled in fertilizer box 3, and the cross section of the ditching knife 6 is Half elliptic, ditching knife 6 is vertical with chain 5 fixed, and its outer end is cutter head 601, and the front end of cutter head 601 is rake face 602, and rear end is Knife face 603 afterwards, the end face of cutter head 601 is 60-80 degree, the end face of cutter head 601 and half elliptic exterior arc surface with the angle of rake face 602 Angle is 40-70 degree, and the depth that the chain-type plough 2 stretches into soil layer is 40-60cm, uses the subsoiling land preparation of said structure Machine carries out subsoiling land preparation to the field before sowing, and the specific operation process of subsoiling land preparation is situated between in detail by specific embodiment Continue.
Specific embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, the outer surface of cutter head 601 is provided with wearing layer, wearing layer raw material components bag Mixed according to mass percent 45% tungsten carbide, 5% boron, 5% manganese, 45% iron powder is included, the cutter head is used 601 cuttings for carrying out stalk, when crushing, tipping, fracture are less prone to, most significant effect is significantly improving for wearability, knife Stalk on ground is brought into soil and is cut off, crushed by first 601 repeatedly, and the stalk of crushing is stayed in soil, and each is opened The service life of ditch knife 6 significantly extends, and the method for carrying out subsoiling land preparation using deep-loosening soil-working machine in the present invention is included in detail below Step:
A, fertilising
The liquid fertilizer that decay agent is mixed with fertilizer box 3 is applied on field straw by fertilizer applicator 4, the outlet of the lower end of fertilizer box 3 Fertilizer applicator 4 with the front end of frame 1 is connected by pipeline, and the mixture of decay agent and purity nitrogen is sprayed at earth's surface by fertilizer applicator 4 Stalk on, the mixture equipped with decay agent and purity nitrogen in fertilizer box 3, decay agent is straw decomposition agent, and liquid fertilizer is purity nitrogen, this Outward, increasing in liquid fertilizer has urease inhibitor, and urease inhibitor selects quinhydrones, and the liquid fertilizer added in every kilogram of stalk includes The straw decomposition agent of 4g and the purity nitrogen of 3.8g, the addition of quinhydrones is 5/1000ths of purity nitrogen, and urease inhibitor slows down purity nitrogen N and turns The speed of NH3-N and NO3-N is turned to, so as to act on the conversion of stalk, transformation of the straw decomposition agent to stalk is improved;
B, subsoiling
Ridging unit is provided between fertigation unit and trench digging unit, before the work of chain-type plough 2, fertilising is arranged at Unit and trench digging unit between ridging unit field straw is concentrated in the advance route of chain-type plough 2, formed with The stalk concentration zones of one-to-one strip-type before and after chain-type plough 2, then, chain-type plough 2 is concentrated by stalk Stalk is simultaneously brought into and crushed in soil by area;Ridging unit includes being symmetricly set on the drainage plate 7 and and chain of the both sides of frame 1 The one-to-one one group of ridging shovel 8 in the gap of formula plough 2, the quantity of chain-type plough 2 is four, ridging shovel in trench digging unit 8 quantity is three, and drainage plate 7 is the intilted circular slab in rear end, and circular slab is installed in frame 1 by jointed shaft, two The stalk on ground that can be related to the width of frame 1 by the drainage plate 7 of survey is all drained in frame 1, the ridging in frame 1 Shovel 8 is two deflectors of cross-fixing, and two cross-fixing sides of deflector are the sweptback setting direction in upper end, ridging Shovel 8 is located on direction where the two neighboring gap of chain-type plough 2, and the stalk in frame 1 is guided to two by ridging shovel 8 respectively The front of side chain-type plough 2, the stalk on ground is collected into multiple ribbons separately, banded quantity and chain The quantity of bar formula plough 2 is identical;
As shown in figure 1, the rotate counterclockwise of chain-type plough 2, the both sides of chain 5 are symmetrically arranged with chain-type plough 2 Two groups of ditching knifes 6, two groups of ditching knifes 6 are staggered, and ditching knife 6 is carried it into soil after being contacted with the stalk on ground, by In the resistance of soil, ditching knife 6 opens straw cutting, stalk uniform residence in the soil of 15cm 50cm wide deep subsoiling ditch The outer end of ditch knife 6 is cutter head 601, and the front end of cutter head 601 is rake face 602, and rear end is rear knife face 603, the end face of cutter head 601 and rake face 602 angles are 70 degree, and the angle can either form the point of penetration into soil, ensure that ditching knife 6 is hard with soil again Material clashes into required hardness, and the end face of cutter head 601 is 65 degree with the angle of half elliptic exterior arc surface, and the setting of the angle can Enough ensure that can be pressed into stalk in soil by cutter head 601, ensure that straw cutting again in soil so as to avoid stalk quilt Take soil out of;
The half elliptic outline of ditching knife 6 track operationally is round tube shape, can not only be to entering by soil Row cutting subsoiling, cuts the effect of subsoiling preferably, and soil will not be thrown into the dell of rear and then formation without soil, staggeredly right Claiming the two groups of ditching knifes 6 for setting can continue that the stalk on ground is pressed into soil and is cut off to stay in soil, subsoiling The subsoiling ditch for being formed afterwards as ribbon position, the stalk of ribbon position is uniformly distributed in subsoiling ditch in 50cm depth Soil in;
Land wheel for be arranged on trench digging unit rear end and with chain-type plough 2 before and after one-to-one one group of press wheel 9, lead Drawing machine drives frame 1 to advance, and press wheel 9 both plays a part of road wheel, the subsoiling ditch that can be opened chain-type plough 2 again Position is suppressed, and press wheel 9 is to gross weight that the pressure that subsoiling ditch applies is whole frame 1 and unit mounted thereto Amount;
C, rotary tillage
Field is carried out into rotary tillage apart from the topsoil of ground 7cm depth using rotary cultivator, subsoiling region middle-range 7cm depths from the ground Crushing straw in degree is uniformly distributed in the topsoil in whole field, and the stalk in subsoiling ditch topsoil is evenly distributed on whole soil In the topsoil on ground, the stalk total amount in topsoil is substantially reduced, and formation is evenly distributed with the topsoil of crushing straw, when the later stage is sowed, The situation that planting grain sowing can not contact on stalk with soil greatly reduces, and planting grain major part can be after planting by soil Surround, significantly improve the emergence rate of kind of grain.
Additionally, the stalk in subsoiling ditch below topsoil is accelerated to decompose in the presence of decay agent, purity nitrogen and urease inhibitor, Increase the organic matter and nutrient content in soil after Straw decomposing, improve soil physical property, improve the bioactivity of soil, rise To volume increase, gain and the effect preserved the ecological environment, nitrogenous fertilizer is manured into soil in subsoiling ditch, be conducive to crop root absorption and to Lower growth, not only contributes to the resistant to lodging and water absorbing capacity of crop, and avoids influence of the Residual Fertilizer to soil.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine, including hauling machine and connection in its back-end and the frame with land wheel (1), are pacified in frame (1) Equipped with trench digging unit and fertigation unit, trench digging unit is one group of chain-type plough (2) being disposed side by side in frame (1), chain Chain (5) is provided with one group of ditching knife (6) in bar formula plough (2), fertigation unit includes the fertilizer box (3) in frame (1) And the fertilizer applicator (4) for setting is corresponded with chain-type plough (2), it is characterised in that:It is single that the fertigation unit is located at trench digging First front end, fills the liquid fertilizer for being mixed with decay agent in fertilizer box (3), ditching knife (6) cross section is half elliptic, ditching knife (6) vertical with chain (5) fixed, its outer end is cutter head (601), and cutter head (601) front end is rake face (602), and rear end is rear knife Face (603), cutter head (601) end face is 60-80 degree with the angle of rake face (602), and cutter head (601) end face is cylindrical with half elliptic The angle of cambered surface is 40-70 degree, and the depth that the chain-type plough (2) stretches into soil layer is 40-60cm.
2. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Chain in described chain-type plough (2) Bar (5) both sides are symmetrically arranged with two groups of ditching knifes (6), and two groups of ditching knifes (6) are staggered.
3. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described fertigation unit and trench digging unit it Between be provided with ridging unit, ridging unit includes being symmetricly set on the drainage plate (7) of frame (1) both sides and is ditched with chain-type The one-to-one one group of ridging shovel (8) in device (2) gap, drainage plate (7) is the intilted circular slab in rear end, and circular slab is by hinge Spindle is installed in frame (1).
4. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Described ridging shovel (8) is two intersections Fixed deflector, two cross-fixing sides of deflector are the sweptback setting direction in upper end, and ridging shovel (8) is positioned at adjacent On direction where two chain-type plough (2) gaps.
5. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described land wheel is to be arranged on trench digging unit Rear end and with chain-type plough (2) before and after one-to-one one group of press wheel (9).
6. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described cutter head (601) outer surface is set Have a wearing layer, wearing layer raw material components include the tungsten carbide of the 40-50% mixed according to mass percent, the boron of 3-7%, The manganese of 3-7%, the iron powder of 40-50%.
7. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:Described wearing layer raw material components include pressing Tungsten carbide, 5% boron, 5% manganese, 45% iron powder of 45% mixed according to mass percent.
8. a kind of deep-loosening soil-working machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described decay agent is straw decomposition agent, Liquid fertilizer is purity nitrogen, additionally, increase in liquid fertilizer having urease inhibitor, urease inhibitor is selected quinhydrones, added in every kilogram of stalk Plus liquid fertilizer include the straw decomposition agent of 3-5g and 3.5-4g purity nitrogens, the addition of quinhydrones is 5/1000ths of purity nitrogen.
9. using deep-loosening soil-working machine as claimed in claim 1 subsoiling land preparation method, it is characterised in that described method include with Lower step:
A, fertilising
The liquid fertilizer that decay agent is mixed with fertilizer box (3) is applied on field straw by fertilizer applicator (4);
B, subsoiling
Stalk is brought into and crushed in soil by the ditching knife (6) in chain-type plough (2), and field forms the subsoiling area of strip-type Domain, subsoiling regional depth is 40-60cm and is wherein evenly distributed with the stalk after crushing;
C, rotary tillage
Field is carried out into rotary tillage apart from the topsoil of ground 6-8cm depth using rotary cultivator, subsoiling region middle-range 6-8cm depths from the ground Crushing straw in degree is uniformly distributed in the topsoil in whole field, and formation is evenly distributed with the topsoil of crushing straw.
CN201710105048.2A 2017-02-25 2017-02-25 Deep-loosening soil preparation machine and method for deep-loosening soil preparation by using same Active CN106900185B (en)

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CN109496542A (en) * 2019-01-15 2019-03-22 吉林大学 A kind of sprocket-type cutter for corn stubble harvest

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109168383A (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-01-11 江苏省农业科学院 A kind of comprehensive abatement device of soil continuous cropping obstacle
CN109496542A (en) * 2019-01-15 2019-03-22 吉林大学 A kind of sprocket-type cutter for corn stubble harvest

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