CN106880733B

CN106880733B - Additive for reducing weaning stress of piglets and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106880733B
Application number: CN201710139852.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乔家运; 朱琪; 陈龙宾; 李海花; 杨鸿雁; 韩静; 王文杰
Original assignee: Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
Current assignee: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-03-10
Filing date: 2017-03-10
Publication date: 2020-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-10
Also published as: CN106880733A

Abstract

The invention discloses an additive for reducing weaning stress of piglets and a preparation method and application thereof. It is prepared from 15-25g of wild jujube (fried), 6-9g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 6-9g of poria cocos, 3-6g of ligusticum wallichii, 3-6g of radix rehmanniae recen, 6-12g of codonopsis pilosula, 6-9g of dried orange peel, 3-5g of platycodon grandiflorum and 3-5g of liquorice. The invention further discloses the application of the additive for weaning piglet stress in reducing the stress degree of the weaned piglet, regulating the central nervous system and the endocrine of the piglet and improving the stress resistance of the organism. The results show that: the weaning protection powder is added into the weaned piglet feed to achieve the effects of regulating the central nervous system and the endocrine of the piglet and simultaneously achieve the purpose of reducing the occurrence of the piglet weaning stress syndrome.

Description

Additive for reducing weaning stress of piglets and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition technology research in animal husbandry, and relates to an additive for reducing weaning stress of piglets and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The early weaning stress of the piglets can cause the feed intake of the weaned piglets to be reduced by 15-20 percent, the growth is stopped, the feeding period is prolonged, and the like. The early weaning stress syndrome of piglets is a big problem in pig raising production all over the world. The reasons for this include the following aspects.

(1) And (5) environment replacement. Early weaning stress mainly comprises three aspects of maternal-piglet separation, nutrition change from breast milk to matching ration and environment change of piglets from a delivery pen to an incubator. The effect is manifested in the reduction of feed intake and feed utilization rate of weaned pigs, dyspepsia and diarrhea.

(2) And (4) immunosuppression. Early weaning stress can reduce circulating antibody level and inhibit cell immunity. Compared with the naturally suckling piglets, the weaned piglets show obvious immune response inhibition in 2-3 weeks, and the disease resistance of the piglets is weak. On the other hand, the active immunity of the piglets generally tends to be perfect at the age of 2 months. The problem with early weaned piglets is the interruption of the passive immunity gained by the piglets through breast milk, at which time the piglets' own immune system has not yet developed. When the early weaned piglets are changed from taking liquid milk to taking solid feed, the intestinal canal 'stress' of intestinal wall injury and villous atrophy is easily caused.

(3) The activity of the digestive enzyme is reduced. The pepsin decomposing enzyme activity increased in multiples from week to week during the age of piglets 0-4, but the activity of various digestive enzymes decreased to 1/3 at the pre-weaning level within one week after weaning at the age of 28 days. The secretion of gastric acid of the early weaned piglets is reduced, the lactic acid source is stopped, the pH value of the stomach is increased, the functions of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, rabdosidase, amylase, lipase, maltase and lactase are also directly influenced, the activity of various enzymes can be increased again after l-2 weeks, and the early weaned piglets are one of the important reasons for diarrhea caused by dyspepsia in the l-2 period after the early weaning.

(4) Other adverse extrinsic conditions: the stress degree of piglets is aggravated by bad microclimates such as low temperature and humidity, unbalanced supplementary feeding, sudden change of feed, mildewed and deteriorated feeding, lack of trace elements and vitamins in feed and bacterial pollution of drinking water.

Disclosure of Invention

The research adjusts the nerves and the internal secretion of the piglets and reduces the occurrence of the weaning stress syndrome of the piglets by adding the weaning protection powder into the weaned piglet feed.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical contents:

an additive (weaning protection powder) for reducing stress of weaned pigs is characterized by comprising the following raw materials by weight:

15-25g of wild jujube seed (fried), 6-9g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 6-9g of tuckahoe, 3-6g of rhizoma ligustici wallichii, 3-6g of radix rehmanniae recen,

6-12g of codonopsis pilosula, 6-9g of dried orange peel, 3-5g of platycodon grandiflorum and 3-5g of liquorice.

The invention discloses a preferable additive (weaning protection powder) for reducing stress of weaned pigs, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials by weight:

15g of fried spina date seed, 6g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 6g of poria cocos, 6g of ligusticum wallichii, 3g of radix rehmanniae recen, 9g of codonopsis pilosula, 6g of dried orange peel, 4g of platycodon grandiflorum and 3g of liquorice.

The invention further discloses a preparation method of the additive for reducing the stress of the weaned pigs, which comprises the following steps:

(1) oil cake separation: the spina date seed is subjected to oil cake separation by a mechanical pressing method. Firstly, screening spina date seeds to remove impurities, dividing the spina date seeds into two pieces, checking that the water content of the spina date seeds is 3-5% (W/W), and directly squeezing the spina date seeds in an oil press for two times. And finally, filtering to remove impurities, and reserving the separated spina date seed cake and the spina date seed oil for later use.

(2) Crushing and sieving: crushing the spina date seed cake by using a common low-temperature crusher and sieving the crushed spina date seed cake with a 150-mesh sieve; pulverizing the rest materials with small low temperature fixed hammer type pulverizer, and sieving with 120 mesh sieve;

(3) mixing component: firstly, adding the spina date seed and the poria cocos into a mixer to be uniformly mixed to serve as a basis, then adding the rhizoma anemarrhenae, the ligusticum wallichii, the radix rehmanniae and the codonopsis pilosula into the mixer to be uniformly mixed, finally gradually adding the rest traditional Chinese medicine powder into the mixer to be uniformly mixed and spraying the spina date seed oil until all the traditional Chinese medicine powder is uniformly mixed, and weighing all the traditional Chinese medicine powder by an electronic scale according to the specified dosage.

(4) And (4) quality inspection and packaging: the finished product should be dried, loosened, mixed uniformly and have consistent color. The package adopts a built-in polyethylene plastic film bag and an external aluminum plastic vacuum self-sealing bag. Better prevent moisture absorption, agglomeration, discoloration and decomposition, thereby ensuring the quality and the taking effect.

The invention further discloses application of the additive for reducing the stress of the weaned pigs in regulating the internal secretion of the piglets and improving the nonspecific immunity function of organisms. In particular: systemic nonspecific indications caused by weaning factors of piglets. The test results show that: the weaned piglet feed added with the weaning protection powder can obviously reduce the stress of the weaned piglets, and meanwhile, the daily gain of the piglets of 28-42 days can be improved by adding the weaning protection powder into the feed.

The invention improves the anti-stress capability of the organism by enhancing the nonspecific immunity function of the organism on the principle of regulating the central nervous system and the internal secretion. The composition is mainly used for preventing and treating stress syndrome caused by various reasons of weaned piglets, and has remarkable effect.

The formula of the invention takes the fried spina date seed as a main drug and is supplemented with rhizoma anemarrhenae, tuckahoe, ligusticum wallichii and the like, wherein the dosage of the spina date seed is not more than 25 g.

According to the physicochemical properties and effective components of various traditional Chinese medicines in the formula, the preparation process of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is systematically optimized so as to exert the pharmacodynamic action to the maximum extent. In the development process, the following conditions are mainly considered:

1. oil cake separation technology:

the key medicinal material of the spina date seeds in the formula is subjected to oil cake separation, and the oil cake is separated by a mechanical squeezing method. Firstly, screening spina date seeds to remove impurities, dividing the spina date seeds into two pieces, checking that the water content of the spina date seeds is 3-5% (W/W), and directly squeezing the spina date seeds in an oil press for two times. And finally, filtering to remove impurities, and reserving the separated spina date seed cake and the spina date seed oil for later use. Drying semen Ziziphi Spinosae cake, pulverizing, mixing with other Chinese medicinal powder, and spraying semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil.

2. Mixing: mixing was performed using an equal increment method.

3. The divided dose is as follows: through the comparison of a gravimetric method and a volumetric method, the gravimetric method is decided to be adopted, and the method is accurate in dosage, small in error and easy to adjust.

4. Packaging: the package adopts a built-in polyethylene plastic film bag and an external aluminum plastic vacuum self-sealing bag. Better prevent moisture absorption, agglomeration, discoloration and decomposition, thereby ensuring the quality and the taking effect.

The pharmacological actions of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials used in the invention are as follows:

semen Ziziphi Spinosae (parched)

Processing: placing cleaned semen Ziziphi Spinosae in parching container, heating with slow fire, parching until swelling and color becomes dark slightly, taking out, and cooling.

Pharmacology: nourishing liver, calming heart, tranquilizing mind, and arresting sweating.

Rhizoma anemarrhenae

Processing: cleaning raw materials, moistening thoroughly, slicing into thick pieces, drying, and removing flock.

Pharmacology: clearing heat, purging fire, promoting fluid production and moistening dryness.

Poria cocos (Schw.) wolf

Processing: sieving raw materials, soaking, cleaning, moistening, steaming, slicing, and drying.

Pharmacology: has effects in promoting diuresis, eliminating dampness, invigorating spleen, and calming heart, and can be used for treating edema, phlegm retention, heat stranguria, diarrhea, and emesis.

Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong

Processing: collecting raw materials, removing impurities, separating, and cleaning. Soaking in water until the skin is soft, taking out, moistening, slicing, drying, and sieving to remove debris.

Pharmacology: promoting blood circulation, activating qi-flowing, dispelling pathogenic wind and relieving pain.

Dried rehmannia root

Processing: taking dried rehmannia root, removing impurities, slightly soaking in water, cleaning, moistening, slicing into thick pieces, and drying. And screening to remove the scraps.

Pharmacology: has the functions of clearing heat and cooling blood, nourishing yin and promoting the production of body fluid, and is used for treating fever with deep-red tongue and polydipsia, yin deficiency and internal heat, bone steaming and internal heat and fatigue, internal heat diabetes, hematemesis, epistaxis, macula generation, eruption and the like.

Codonopsis pilosula

Processing: taking raw medicinal materials, removing rhizoma Phragmitis, cleaning, moistening thoroughly, slicing into thick pieces, and drying.

Pharmacology: has effects in invigorating spleen, replenishing qi, invigorating spleen, and nourishing lung. Can be used for treating spleen and lung deficiency, short breath, palpitation, anorexia, loose stool, asthma, cough, internal heat, and diabetes.

Dried orange peel

Processing: taking raw medicinal materials, removing impurities, spraying clear water, moistening thoroughly, shredding, and drying in the shade.

Pharmacology: has the functions of regulating qi, strengthening spleen, eliminating dampness and phlegm.

Root of balloonflower

Processing: collecting raw materials, removing impurities, cleaning, moistening, slicing, and drying.

Pharmacology: has the functions of dispersing lung qi, relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm and discharging pus, and is commonly used for treating cough with excessive phlegm, chest distress, pharyngalgia, hoarseness, lung carbuncle, hematemesis and pyocutaneous disease with pus formation and no ulcer.

Licorice root, radix Glycyrrhizae

Processing: taking raw medicinal materials, removing impurities, cleaning, moistening thoroughly, slicing into thick pieces, drying, and sieving to remove debris.

Pharmacology: has the functions of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, clearing away heat and toxic material, eliminating phlegm and stopping cough, relieving spasm and pain, and harmonizing the medicines.

The invention is described in more detail below:

1 materials and methods

1.1 feed additive formulation

Name: piglet weaning protection powder

The formula is as follows: 15g of fried spina date seed, 6g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 6g of poria cocos, 6g of ligusticum wallichii, 3g of radix rehmanniae recen, 9g of codonopsis pilosula, 6g of dried orange peel, 4g of platycodon grandiflorum and 3g of liquorice.

The functional indications are as follows: nourish blood and tranquilize mind, clear heat and relieve restlessness, nourish heart and nourish blood, tonify qi and induce diuresis. It can be used for preventing various syndromes caused by stress of weaned piglets, and has effects of improving immunity, promoting blood circulation, protecting mucosa and resisting inflammation.

The usage and dosage are as follows: for oral administration, the dosage of piglet is 0.3-1g/Kg body weight.

When in use, the piglet weaning protection powder is mixed with piglet feed uniformly according to the addition amount of 1-3%.

The test adopts corn-soybean meal type daily ration, and the piglet nursing material is prepared according to NRC (1998) pig feeding standard. The composition of the test diets was as follows:

60.30 corn, 25.11 soybean meal, 4 whey powder, 5 fish meal, 2 soybean oil, 1.1 calcium hydrophosphate, 1.04 stone powder, 0.3 salt, 0.15 lysine and 1 premix.

Wherein every kilogram of premix contains VA 1300000 IU, VD 3450000 IU, VE 6000 IU, VK 3250, VB 1350 mg, VB 2550 mg, VB 6330 mg, VB 122760 IU, calcium pantothenate 1460 mg, choline 50000 mg, nicotinic acid 3000 mg, biotin 2.5 mg, copper 3000 mg, manganese 3000 mg, zinc 11000 mg, iron 11000 mg, selenium 30 mg, iodine 30 mg.

1.2 design of the experiment

The test selects 120 weaned piglets with the age of 28 days (Du multiplied by long multiplied by big), the average weight is 7.40 plus or minus 0.13 kg, the weaned piglets are divided into two treatments according to complete random division, a blank control group is provided, and the feed is not added with a Chinese herbal medicine formula; in the experimental group, the feed is added with Chinese herbal medicine formula according to 2%. Each treatment was 6 replicates, 10 piglets each, with the trial beginning after weaning at 28 days of age and ending at 42 days of age, for a trial period of 14 days.

1.3 Breeding management

During the test period, the pigs are only fed in a closed mode, the test pigs are fed by dry powder materials under the same feeding management and environmental conditions, the dry powder materials are used for feeding, free feeding and drinking water are used, during the test period, immunization is carried out according to a normal program of a pig farm, and work such as disinfection, sanitation and the like is carried out according to the feeding management rules of the pig farm.

1.4 detection indices and methods

1.4.1 daily gain

During the whole test, the individual weights of test pigs at 28-day and 42-day ages were weighed, respectively, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG) at 28-42-day ages was calculated.

1.4.2 serum Cortisol

Blood is collected by 5 mL via anterior vena cava at 0 d, 7 d and 14 d of the test respectively by using a sterile disposable syringe, and is centrifuged at 3000r/min for 15min after blood coagulation, and serum samples are prepared and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃ below zero. Two piglets were randomly selected for each replicate and a total of 12 were collected for each treatment for serum cortisol determination.

1.5 statistical analysis

The indexes of average daily gain, serum cortisol and the like of each group are statistically analyzed by adopting a one-factor ANOVA (IBM SPSSStatics 20.0) variance test. Data are expressed herein as "mean ± standard deviation", probabilityP<The difference was considered significant at 0.05, probabilityP<The difference was considered to be extremely significant at 0.01.

2 results and analysis

2.1 daily gain

As can be seen from Table 1, the initial weight of the piglets in the test group at the age of 28 days is not different from that of the control group, and the weight of the piglets in the test group at the age of 42 days is improved by 2.74 percent compared with that of the control group at the end of the experiment, so that the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05); the daily gain of 28-42 days of piglets in the test group is improved by 8.54 percent compared with that in the control group, and the difference is very obvious (P is less than 0.01). From the results, the daily gain of 28-42-day-old piglets can be improved by adding the weaning protection powder into the feed.

TABLE 1 piglet growth Performance

Note: the same row with different capital letters indicates that the control group is very different from the test group (p < 0.01). Different lower case letters indicate that the control group differed significantly from the test group (p < 0.05).

2.2 serum Cortisol

As can be seen from Table 2, the serum cortisol level test group of the piglets at the age of 28 days at weaning is not different from the control group, and the serum cortisol level test group of the piglets at the age of 35 days is reduced by 37.40 percent compared with the control group, so that the difference is very obvious (P is less than 0.01). At weaning of piglets at 42 days of age, there was no difference in serum cortisol levels between the test and control groups. From the results in table 2, it can be seen that the serum cortisol level of the piglets in the control group rapidly increases from weaning to weaning for one week and then gradually falls back, which indicates that the stress degree of the piglets is most severe at weaning for one week and then tends to be normal; the serum cortisol level of the piglets in the experimental group is maintained in a stable range, and does not fluctuate greatly. The stress degree of the weaned piglets can be reduced by adding the weaning protection powder into the feed.

TABLE 2 piglet serum cortisol levels

Note: the same row with different capital letters indicates that the control group is very different from the test group (p < 0.01).

The invention adds 2% feed additive (weaning protection powder) into the piglet feed, and carries out safety experiment on the feed additive (weaning protection powder), and the method comprises the following steps:

1, step:

(1) materials and methods: 6 piglets of 28-day old Du multiplied by long multiplied by big are selected, the piglets are clinically healthy and normally developed, the experimental period is 14 days, and the poisoning manifestation and death condition are observed at any time in the experimental period.

(2) The piglet feed comprises the following raw materials:

The weaning protection powder is added into piglet feed according to the proportion of 2 percent to prepare daily ration for test.

2, results: the weaning protection powder is added into the piglet feed, and the piglet feed is continuously fed for 14 days without obvious poisoning phenomenon, no death occurs in the observation period, and no obvious abnormality is found in all main organs by means of autopsy.

And 3, conclusion: the piglet feed is added with 2% of weaning protection powder to feed piglets, and the feeding effect is safe.

Compared with the prior art, the additive for reducing the weaning stress of the piglets has the positive effects that:

(1) the traditional Chinese medicine selected by the invention has the advantages of homology of medicine and food, no toxic or side effect and safe feeding effect.

(2) The spina date seed is a Chinese herbal medicine for calming nerves and arresting convulsion, and has an obvious effect on weaned piglet group transfer syndrome.

(3) The rhizoma anemarrhenae, the poria cocos, the ligusticum wallichii, the radix rehmanniae recen, the codonopsis pilosula, the dried orange peel, the platycodon grandiflorum and the liquorice are used together, so that the effects of improving the production performance and the non-specific immunity are achieved.

Detailed Description

The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications in the components and amounts of the materials used in these embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are commercially available.

Example 1

The weaning protection powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

15g of fried spina date seed, 9g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 9g of tuckahoe, 3g of ligusticum wallichii, 6g of radix rehmanniae recen,

12g of codonopsis pilosula, 9g of dried orange peel, 3g of platycodon grandiflorum and 3g of liquorice.

Example 2

The weaning protection powder consists of the following raw materials by weight:

Example 3 (examples 1 to 2)

The preparation method of the additive for reducing the stress of the weaned pig comprises the following steps:

(3) mixing component: firstly, adding the spina date seed and the tuckahoe into a mixer to be uniformly mixed, then adding the rhizoma anemarrhenae, the ligusticum wallichii, the radix rehmanniae and the radix codonopsitis into the mixer to be uniformly mixed, finally gradually adding the rest traditional Chinese medicine powder into the mixer to be uniformly mixed and spraying the spina date seed oil until all the traditional Chinese medicine powder is uniformly mixed, and weighing all the traditional Chinese medicine powder by an electronic scale according to the specified dosage.

(4) And (4) quality inspection and packaging: the built-in polyethylene plastic film bag and the external aluminum plastic vacuum self-sealing bag are adopted to prevent moisture absorption, caking, discoloration and decomposition, thereby ensuring the quality and the administration effect.

Claims

1. The additive for reducing the weaning stress of the piglets is characterized by comprising the following raw materials by weight:

15-25g of fried spina date seed, 6-9g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 6-9g of tuckahoe, 3-6g of rhizoma ligustici wallichii, 3-6g of radix rehmanniae recen,

2. The additive as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

15g of fried spina date seed, 6g of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 6g of tuckahoe, 6g of ligusticum wallichii, 3g of radix rehmanniae recen, 9g of codonopsis pilosula,

dried orange peel 6g, balloonflower root 4g, licorice root 3 g.

3. A process for the preparation of the additive according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it is carried out by the following steps:

(1) oil cake separation: separating oil cake from semen Ziziphi Spinosae by mechanical squeezing method, screening semen Ziziphi Spinosae to remove impurities, dividing into two pieces, checking semen Ziziphi Spinosae water content at 3-5% (W/W), squeezing in oil press for two times, filtering to remove impurities, and separating semen Ziziphi Spinosae cake and semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil;

(3) mixing component: firstly, adding the spina date seed and the poria cocos into a mixer to be uniformly mixed to serve as a base, then adding the rhizoma anemarrhenae, the ligusticum wallichii, the radix rehmanniae and the codonopsis pilosula into the mixer to be uniformly mixed, and finally gradually adding the rest traditional Chinese medicine powder into the mixer to be uniformly mixed and spraying the spina date seed oil until all the traditional Chinese medicine powder is uniformly mixed; weighing all the traditional Chinese medicine powder according to the specified dosage by using an electronic scale;

(4) and (4) quality inspection and packaging: the finished product is dried, loosened, uniformly mixed and consistent in color, and the package adopts a built-in polyethylene plastic film bag and an external aluminum-plastic vacuum self-sealing bag.

4. The use of the additive for reducing the weaning stress of piglets as claimed in claim 1 for preparing the additive for reducing the stress degree of weaned piglets, regulating the central nervous system and endocrine of piglets and improving the stress resistance of organism; wherein, the improvement of the anti-stress capability of the organism refers to that: systemic nonspecific indications caused by weaning factors of piglets; the regulation of the central nervous system of the piglets means that: improve the production performance and increase the daily gain of piglets 28-42 days old.