CN106845732B - Satellite type logistics express delivery method - Google Patents
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- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
- G06Q10/083—Shipping
- G06Q10/0835—Relationships between shipper or supplier and carriers
- G06Q10/08355—Routing methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite type logistics distribution method, and belongs to the field of logistics express distribution. And at a final-stage express sorting center, an express sorting and information scanning and inputting system is implemented, and then the express is classified according to a classification module. The method comprises the steps that the optimal route and the parking point for express delivery vehicle delivery are designed according to the geography and road condition information of a to-be-delivered express, and the sorting center distributes express delivery vehicles with different routes. After the goods to be distributed and the satellite deliverer get on the vehicle, the distribution vehicle runs according to the planned optimal route, and the satellite deliverer sends the goods to the satellite. The distribution method can realize the distribution of the last kilometer with lower cost, effectively reduce the waiting time of couriers, improve the distribution efficiency and the distribution quantity of express delivery points, thereby reducing the economic cost and the environmental cost of express delivery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of logistics distribution, and particularly relates to a satellite type logistics express distribution method.
Background
After the express company transports the objects to the destination, the objects need to be sorted and then delivered to a delivery point, and then the objects are delivered from home to home by a courier according to the receiving addresses. In a city, it is common for a dispatcher to contact a recipient by telephone before arrival, and then either the recipient waits for dispatch or the dispatcher waits for receipt. The dispatch mode can reduce the dispatch efficiency of the dispatcher and improve the waiting time of the addressee. At present, the society faces the situation that the labor cost is continuously improved, how to improve the delivery efficiency of a delivery person and reduce the delivery cost of the last kilometer becomes the problem of important consideration in the express delivery industry.
The dynamic delivery system disclosed by the authorization number CN 102708475B performs dynamic delivery of express by means of an auxiliary delivery person, so that travel of express vehicles and work of the delivery person are reduced, and the efficiency of express delivery is improved. Further, applications nos. CN 105741068A and CN 105160511 a propose methods of receiving and dispatching express items with a trunk and delivering express items by means of a taxi, respectively. Due to the fact that the uncontrollable property of express delivery is high in the process of delivering the express delivery, the methods inevitably cause problems in the actual implementation process and are not necessarily feasible in cost. The authorization number CN 103268121B provides a method for directly sending letters between high-rise buildings by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the maneuverability and flexibility of the unmanned aerial vehicle are fully exerted, and convenience is brought to short-distance letter delivery. The method for conveying the express delivery by the unmanned aerial vehicle under the application number CN 105069595A provides some ideas for the invention although the application range is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the conventional express delivery mode, and provides a satellite type logistics express delivery method which can improve the delivery efficiency of an express company and reduce the delivery cost. The sorting center classifies the express items, then different express items are matched with proper dispatchers, and the dispatching route is updated regularly by the sorting center to form an optimized express item dispatching scheme.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. the express mail sorting and information scanning input system;
b. classifying the express to be distributed according to the rules of the express classification module, and distributing the express to corresponding satellite distributors by adopting a matching module;
c. designing an optimal route and a parking point for delivery of the express delivery vehicle according to the geographical and road condition information of the express to be delivered;
d. the sorting center distributes express delivery vehicles with different routes;
e. loading according to the distribution line from far to near, wherein the farther the loading sequence is, the farther the loading sequence is;
f. a satellite distributor gets on the vehicle, and the distribution vehicle runs according to a route designed by a sorting center;
g. according to the distribution of the matching module, the satellite dispatcher executes dispatching tasks;
h. the positioning tracking system guides the route of the deliverer in real time and tracks the express delivery condition of the satellite deliverer;
i. the satellite dispatcher returns to the distribution vehicle to receive the next task after completing dispatching;
j. and (c) finishing the dispatch of all the express items on the vehicle, returning the dispatch vehicle to the sorting center, and repeating the step a.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the classification module is classified by a step-by-step classification method, the express to be delivered is divided into two types according to whether the express is delivered to the payment, then the express which is not delivered to the payment is divided into an unmanned aerial vehicle load inner type and an unmanned aerial vehicle load outer type according to the weight, and finally the express which is not delivered to the payment and the unmanned aerial vehicle load outer type are divided into destinations which belong to a ground floor and a non-ground floor.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the matching module adopts the following method for matching:
1) firstly, judging whether the payment is due, if so, matching the payment to a delivery person for delivery, and if not, entering the next step;
2) if the weight of the goods is lower than the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the goods are matched with the unmanned aerial vehicle for dispatching; if the weight of the goods is higher than the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, entering the next step;
3) if the goods addressee is on the ground floor, the goods addressee is matched with the land robot for distribution; if on other floors, the match is dispatched to the dispatcher.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the express delivery vehicle comprises a fuel-driven, electric-driven and hybrid four-wheel van, and the express delivery vehicle selection method comprises the following steps: hybrid power or fuel power trucks can be considered for long roads and crowded sections, pure electric power trucks can be considered for short roads and crowded sections, and hybrid power or pure electric power trucks can be considered for good road conditions.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the delivery route of an express delivery vehicle is designed with the aim of minimizing the total delivery cost, the delivery route is updated periodically, the straight line distance d on two sides of the route is the coverage area of the route, and the route covers all delivery areas.
The satellite logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the satellite deliverers comprise deliverers, unmanned planes and land robots.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the satellite type logistics express delivery vehicle for distributing different routes by the sorting center specifically comprises the following steps: for a hybrid power or fuel power truck for selection with a long road and a crowded road section, the truck is driven by pure electric power for selection with a short road and a crowded road section, and the hybrid power or pure electric truck for selection with a good road condition is used.
The satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the range of the linear distance d is 5-1000 meters.
The satellite logistics express delivery method is characterized in that the transportation mode adopted by the delivery personnel comprises walking, a bicycle, an electric vehicle or a self-balancing vehicle.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the classification rule 1 and the coverage of the satellite deliverer to realize the seamless connection of the delivery personnel to hand over the express, relieves the waiting or urging problem among the delivery personnel or the addressees in the traditional delivery mode, and reduces the delivery waiting time; the manual dispatching proportion is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of personnel is improved.
2. According to the invention, by reasonably configuring the express delivery vehicles, the proportion of fuel vehicles in congested road sections is reduced, carbon emission is greatly reduced, and logistics express delivery is enabled to achieve low carbonization and ecology.
3. The invention optimizes and matches the express item types and satellite distributors, realizes delivery of express items with the lowest possible cost, and greatly reduces the delivery cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating dispatch of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the operating status of the dispensing vehicle of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary optimal driving route of a distribution vehicle using a conventional manual distribution method.
Fig. 4 shows an optimal driving path of a distribution vehicle planned according to the method of the invention in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an implementation of a satellite express distribution method, where the flowchart includes a path planning module, a classification module, a matching module, and a location tracking system. The route planning module is used for calculating a delivery route adopted by a delivery vehicle when express items are delivered at the minimum cost, comprehensively considering unit cost, route driving cost and fixed expenditure of satellite distributors, and optimally calculating the goal of minimizing the total cost. The classification module adopts a step-by-step subdivision method to classify the express into 3 categories, wherein the first level is whether the express is delivered for payment, the second level is whether the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle is exceeded, and the third level is whether the destination is a ground floor. The matching module is also matched with the aim of minimizing cost, and the unmanned aerial vehicle and the robot have relatively lower cost, so that express mails suitable for the two satellite dispatchers are reasonably distributed. The positioning and tracking system is provided with a mobile phone app interface and installation software, and combines a destination indication function and a real-time positioning function.
After receiving express delivered from other places, the sorting center firstly sorts the express, scans and inputs information into the system, classifies the express to be delivered according to the rules of the express classification module, and adopts a matching module to distribute the express to corresponding satellite deliverers. The classification module adopts a step-by-step classification method. The express delivery to be delivered is divided into two types according to whether the payment is due, then the express delivery which is not due is divided into two types, namely an unmanned aerial vehicle load inner type and an unmanned aerial vehicle load outer type according to the weight, and finally the express delivery which is not due and the unmanned aerial vehicle load outer type is divided into two types, namely a destination belonging to a ground floor and a non-ground floor. The matching module adopts the following method to distribute the satellite deliverers and the express mails:
1) firstly, judging whether the payment is due, if so, matching the payment to a delivery person for delivery, and if not, entering the next step;
2) if the weight of the goods is lower than the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the goods are matched with the unmanned aerial vehicle for dispatching; if the weight of the goods is higher than the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, entering the next step;
3) if the goods addressee is on the ground floor, the goods addressee is matched with the land robot for distribution; if on other floors, the match is dispatched to the dispatcher.
And designing an optimal route and a parking point for express delivery vehicle delivery according to the geographical and road condition information of the to-be-delivered express, and distributing express delivery vehicles of different routes for loading. Here, the route selection needs to be updated regularly by using a path planning method, and the objective function is that the total cost is minimum rather than that the actual distribution distance is shortest. And the straight line distance d (between 5 and 1000 meters) on the two sides of the route is the route coverage area, and the route covers all distribution areas. When loading, the express items are loaded according to the distribution line from far to near, and the farther the express item is loaded, the earlier the express item is loaded. According to the invention, the express delivery vehicle can be selected from fuel-driven, electric-driven or hybrid four-wheel van trucks, hybrid or fuel-powered trucks can be considered for long roads and crowded sections, pure electric-driven trucks can be considered for short roads and crowded sections, and hybrid or pure electric trucks can be considered for good road conditions.
The express delivery vehicle runs along the delivery route, when the express delivery vehicle reaches each parking point, the satellite deliverer takes the delivery vehicle as the center, and the positioning tracking system designates the delivery point as if one satellite is dispersed around the delivery route for delivery, wherein the satellite delivery vehicle comprises a delivery person, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a land robot. The dispatch member is the most flexible role in the satellite dispatch, and the available transportation modes include immobility, bicycles, electric vehicles and self-balancing vehicles, and are configured according to the actual dispatch requirement and cost consideration. The positioning and tracking system tracks the delivery condition of the satellite delivery person in real time so that the problem can be timely fed back and solved. And after the satellite delivery is finished, returning to the delivery vehicle to receive the next task, and repeating the steps until all express dispatches on the delivery vehicle are finished, returning to the sorting center, and reloading and delivering.
The examples are now listed below:
the express mail characteristics are shown in table 1, wherein the types are represented by alpha, beta, gamma and delta in turn as the four types (in the case of cash-on-delivery and cash-on-delivery unmanned aerial vehicle loads, the cash-on-delivery exceeds the load and is on the ground floor, and the cash-on-delivery exceeds the load and is not on the ground floor), the waiting time refers to the waiting time of a dispatcher when the dispatcher needs to wait for taking a mail when the dispatcher manually dispatches the mail, and the negative number represents the waiting time of the taker. Destination position As shown in FIG. 3, the destination coordinate unit is 10 meters (the coordinate of point A represents AThe position is 40 meters on the horizontal axis and 160 meters on the vertical axis), the thick lines in the grid represent main roads, the thin lines represent paths which are not suitable for distribution vehicles to go together, and satellite dispatchers can pass through. Considering that the common road network structure in cities is a grid road network, the travel calculation formula between two destinations is Dij=|xi-xj|+|yi-yjL. According to the calculation method of Chinese route problems in operational research, the optimal path of the traditional manual dispatch method is obtained as shown by a green solid line in fig. 3.
If the delivery vehicle selects the electric truck, the charging fee is calculated according to 0.8 yuan/degree, the electricity consumption per kilometer is 30 yuan, the price of the electric truck is 20 ten thousand yuan, and the electric truck is scrapped after running for 40 ten thousand kilometers. The average cost, the electricity charge, the driver labor cost and the maintenance cost are calculated without considering the weight of the loaded goods, and the average unit cost is assumed to be 0.01 yuan/m. Cost of manual transport C1=0.001 yuan/(meter kg), unmanned aerial vehicle transportation cost C2=0.0003 yuan/(meter kg), land robot transport cost C3=0.0005 yuan/(m · kg), drone payload 2 kg. According to the traditional distribution mode, the total travel distance of the distribution vehicle is 1040 meters, the manual distribution distance of a distributor is 160 meters (= 10+10+10+10+10+20+30+ 20), the total weight of express mail is 39 kilograms, and the total distribution cost C ist=0.01 × 1040+0.001 × 160 × 39 = 16.64. The dispatch wait time is 47 minutes and the customer wait time is 5 minutes, wasting 52 minutes in total.
The method of the invention is adopted to plan the optimal running path of the distribution vehicle and calculate the value of d. After route analysis, it was found that the cost was the least when the delivery vehicle was driven with the red solid line in fig. 4, and d =70 m. The total distance traveled by the vehicle was 880 meters, the cost of the vehicle was 0.01 × 880=8.8, the cost of the dispatch portion using the dispatch member was (0.5 × 10+5 × 20+9 × 70) × 0.001= 0.735 yuan, the cost of the dispatch portion using the drone was (0.3 × 10+1 × 50+1.5 × 10+0.7 × 60) =0.0003 =0.033 yuan, the cost of the dispatch portion using the robot was (2 × 10+10 × 10+15 × 10) =0.0005 =0.135 yuan, and the total dispatch cost C wasnAnd the cost is 6.94 yuan (= 8.8+0.735+0.033+ 0.135) and is 41.7% lower than that of the traditional method. In addition, two satellite deliverers, unmanned aerial vehicle and robot, etcThe waiting time can be offset by the time of returning to the delivery car, so that the total waiting time is 6+4+1+7+15=33 minutes, which is 36.5% shorter than the traditional delivery method.
TABLE 1 characteristics of express items
| Express numbering | Weight/kg | Type (B) | Sender | Waiting time/min | Destination | Destination coordinates |
| 1 | 0.5 | α | Party dispatching person | 6 | A | (5,9) |
| 2 | 0.3 | β | Unmanned plane | -4 | B | (9,13) |
| 3 | 2 | γ | Robot | 2 | C | (10,19) |
| 4 | 10 | γ | Robot | 0 | D | (14,19) |
| 5 | 1 | β | Unmanned plane | 5 | E | (17,25) |
| 6 | 15 | γ | Robot | -1 | F | (21,19) |
| 7 | 5 | δ | Party dispatching person | 7 | G | (22,10) |
| 8 | 1.5 | β | Unmanned plane | 10 | H | (25,15) |
| 9 | 0.7 | β | Unmanned plane | 2 | I | (30,19) |
| 10 | 9 | δ | Party dispatching person | 15 | J | (31,9) |
Claims (2)
1. A satellite type logistics express delivery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. the express mail sorting and information scanning input system;
b. classifying the express to be distributed according to the rules of the express classification module, and distributing the express to corresponding satellite distributors by adopting a matching module; the classification module classifies the express items to be sent into two types according to whether the express items are paid for goods arrival or not, then divides the express items for non-payment for goods arrival into two types of unmanned aerial vehicle load inner and load outer according to weight, and finally divides the express items for non-payment for goods arrival and unmanned aerial vehicle load outer into two types of destinations belonging to ground floor and non-ground floor;
c. designing an optimal route and a parking point for delivery of an express delivery vehicle according to geographical and road condition information of a to-be-delivered piece, wherein the delivery route of the express delivery vehicle is designed with the aim of minimizing the total delivery cost, the delivery route is updated periodically, the linear distance d on two sides of the route is a route coverage area, the route covers all delivery areas, and the value range of the linear distance d is 5-1000 m;
d. express delivery car of different routes of letter sorting center distribution specifically is: for a hybrid power or fuel power truck for selection with a long road and a crowded road section, the truck is driven by pure electric power for selection with a short road and a crowded road section, and the hybrid power or pure electric truck for selection with a good road condition is used;
e. loading according to the distribution line from far to near, wherein the farther the loading sequence is, the farther the loading sequence is;
f. a satellite dispatcher gets on the vehicle, the distribution vehicle runs according to a line designed by a sorting center, and the satellite dispatcher comprises a dispatcher, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a land robot;
g. according to the distribution of the matching module, the satellite dispatcher executes dispatching tasks;
h. the positioning tracking system guides the route of the deliverer in real time and tracks the express delivery condition of the satellite deliverer;
i. the satellite dispatcher returns to the distribution vehicle to receive the next task after completing dispatching;
j. b, finishing the dispatch of all express items on the vehicle, returning the dispatch vehicle to the sorting center, and repeating the step a;
the express delivery vehicle comprises a fuel-driven, electric-driven and hybrid four-wheel van, and the express delivery vehicle selection method comprises the following steps: for the consideration that the truck is driven by hybrid power or fuel power and has a long road and a crowded road section, the truck is driven by pure electric power and the truck is driven by the hybrid power or the pure electric power and has a good road condition;
the matching module adopts the following method for matching:
1) firstly, judging whether the payment is due, if so, matching the payment to a delivery person for delivery, and if not, entering the next step;
2) if the weight of the goods is lower than the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the goods are matched with the unmanned aerial vehicle for dispatching; if the weight of the goods is higher than the load of the unmanned aerial vehicle, entering the next step;
3) if the goods addressee is on the ground floor, the goods addressee is matched with the land robot for distribution; if on other floors, the match is dispatched to the dispatcher.
2. The satellite logistics express distribution method of claim 1, wherein the transportation mode adopted by the delivery personnel comprises walking, bicycles, electric vehicles or self-balancing vehicles.
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| CN105270800A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-27 | 北京京东尚科信息技术有限公司 | Terminal distribution station object sorting auxiliary equipment and method |
| CN105701633A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-06-22 | 苏州摩比力特电子科技有限公司 | Parcel delivery path planning and automatic notification system and method based on barcode recognition and GPS |
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