CN106837338A - A kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method - Google Patents

A kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106837338A
CN106837338A CN201710151504.7A CN201710151504A CN106837338A CN 106837338 A CN106837338 A CN 106837338A CN 201710151504 A CN201710151504 A CN 201710151504A CN 106837338 A CN106837338 A CN 106837338A
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gas
deep
sea
gas hydrates
separator
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侯朋朋
潘振
商丽艳
李萍
刘培胜
文江波
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Liaoning Shihua University
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Liaoning Shihua University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C50/00Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, the method exploits gas hydrates with solids production method, Gas Hydrate is broken into graininess, solid-liquid two-phase water conservancy is carried out by the seawater of injection to be lifted, the heat-insulation pressure keeping control device by being set in vertical production tubing keeps the stable state of gas hydrates again, and the method for sea separating treatment is promoted to by closed conduit.This method can make deep-sea gas hydrates in safe, the quick conveying of production tubing, it is to avoid gas hydrates are decomposed in high pressured production pipeline and produce potential danger.

Description

A kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method
Art
The present invention relates to a kind of deep-sea gas hydrate mining methods, belong to exploitation of gas hydrates field.
Background technology
Gas hydrate and the artificial synthesized natural gases of Villard in 1888 were found first in laboratory from Britain Davy in 1810 After hydrate, the mankind just stop the research and exploration to gas hydrates never again.Within this nearly 200 years time, entirely Research of the world to gas hydrates substantially experienced 3 stages.First stage is from Davy synthesis chlorine hydrations in 1810 Thing is with this year is to gas hydrate definite designation and writes books to expound a theory to early 1930s.In this is 120 years, to gas hydrate Research only rests on laboratory, and it is a lot of to dispute on.Delivered from the Hammerschmidt in the U.S. in 1934 and caused on hydrate After the relevant data that appendix band is blocked, it should be noted that the industrial significance of gas hydrate, has deepened to close air water from negative Thing and its property Quality Research.Here it is playing the second stage in hydrate research department.In this stage, research theme is industry Under the conditions of hydrate forecast and removing, hydrate generate retardant research and application.The sixties in 20th century Te Luofeimuke Etc. being found that natural gas has such a characteristic, i.e., he can be present in the earth's crust in solid form.Te Luofeimuke's etc. Research work is used as First gas hydrates ore field in the world --- discovery, the exploration and development early stage in wheat lock Ahab gas field Preparation provide important theoretical foundation, the research field of natural gas geology has been widened significantly.It is beautiful before and after 1971 State scholar starts to pay attention to the research of its hydrate.1972 in Alaska obtains the cement ice permafrost haorizon for confirming first in the world Gas hydrate it is in kind.Successful theoretical prediction, gas hydrate is hidden to gas hydrate to form the successful detection with interior sample and survey Examination, it is considered to be one of 20th century most great discovery.It can be said that from the sixties in 20th century so far, global gas hydrate research across Enter a brand-new phase III --- gas hydrate is studied as a kind of energy comprehensively and is put into practice exploitation.The world is each Ground scientist to the type and physico-chemical property of gas hydrate, natural preservation and into hiding bar, resource assessment, exploration and development means, with And the relation of gas hydrate and whole world change and marine geologic disasters etc. has carried out extensive and fruitful research.
In global marginal sea, trench area and oceanic basin, deposit within the depth of water 3000m having now been found that Methane resource is 2.1 × 10 in middle gas hydrates16km3.The carbon total amount of methane is equivalent to known to the whole world in hydrate 2 times of coal, oil and natural gas total amount, can meet mankind's demand of 1000, and its reserves is big, and distribution area is wide, is the mankind The following rare energy.The estimation of above reserves does not include the free gas under gas hydrates layer still.
Abundant Gas Hydrate may be contained in China South Sea Lu Po and continental rise area, estimate that its total resources reaches (643.5~772.2) × 108T oil equivalents, be about as much as that China is land and offshore oil natural gas total resources 1/2.
Although the research to gas hydrates has been achieved for certain effect;But for present case, day Right gas hydrate resource is still in survey stage, and the stature for laying particular emphasis on investigation gas hydrates more groans area and hydrate stabilization Formation, the origin cause of formation of layer, and physical chemistry of the earth property, stock number and industrial the economic exploitation possibility etc..Exploitation hydration The general principle of thing is that hydrate now is divided into gas and water, then collects natural gas.Tapping natural gas at present has 3 kinds of methods can With, that is, extraction system is depressured, inject chemical agent extraction system and heating exploitation method.The step-down extraction system of gas hydrates is exactly to utilize The stability of hydrate is disturbed in the pressure drop of drilling experience, if gas hydrates gas reservoir is adjacent with conventional gas Tibetan, The effect of step-down exploitation hydrate thing gas is especially good.The chemical agent for exploiting hydrate gas reservoir is that those can reduce hydrate storage temperature " the hydrate retardant " of degree, mainly by methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and calcium chloride etc..Laboratory test shows, gas hydrates it is molten Solution speed is relevant with the interfacial area of retardant concentration, injection discharge capacity, pressure, retardant.Heating exploitation method is most study, most Deep gas hydrate mining methods.The heating exploitation method for having proposed has steam injection, fireflood, hot salt brine injection and electricity Magnetic heating.
The common developing thought except more than, according to relevant result of study, may also have another using natural gas hydration The method of the thing sound field energy.Scientists point out that being obtained by drilling well means for the traditional gas mineral deposit in deep-sea should It is feasible, but is intended to the skill because produced by the pipeline that is unstable and needing laying of continental slope that reason again very long The problem of art and economic aspect, it is possible to so that people are difficult by this means and carry out exploitation of gas hydrate resource.So, Attempt in the case where gas hydrate dissociation is not made i.e. without long-distance pipe, gas hydrates can be transported to land again Come up on ground.One new gas hydrates development approach is to make gas hydrate particle in deep-sea, or by natural gas Hydrate be transported to it is a kind of can in the pipeline of observing and controlling pressure and temp, make its it is internal keep gas hydrates stabilization needed for temperature and pressure Condition, then gas hydrates are promoted on the decomposition platform on sea level, gas hydrates can be decomposed slowly there, Output fuel and water.Perhaps a kind of additive can be developed from now on, make gas hydrates in gas hydrates relatively low Can stablize under pressure and temperature higher.If these can be accomplished, gas hydrates transport on traditional ship May be also safer than liquefied natural gas.
The content of the invention
For the problem that existing technology is present, it is an object of the invention to provide in the exploitation of deep-sea Gas Hydrate A kind of control production system, sent out with avoiding gas hydrates from decomposing the potential danger that causes in the duct in production tubing It is raw.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:The Gas Hydrate on seabed surface is passed through Mining vehicle reamer hinge is broken;Broken gas hydrate particle will be cut with scissors natural gas is formed by two-stage crushing device with the seawater of injection Hydrate slurry carries out hydraulic hoisting;Gas hydrate slurry liquid water conservancy is delivered to flexible pipe, the natural gas that will be exported from flexible pipe Hydrate slurry is transported to vertical hard tube by main pump, and the vertical hard tube is additionally provided with heat-insulation pressure keeping device in precalculated position, The heat-insulation pressure keeping device control in vertical hard tube pressure, temperature variation of the gas hydrate slurry liquid in lifting process with Gas hydrate slurry liquid is set to keep Solid-fluid Two-phase Flow, to keep the stable state of gas hydrates;It is defeated from vertical hard tube The gas hydrate slurry liquid for going out is delivered to marine separator, and separator is separated and located to gas hydrate slurry liquid Reason, the separator is secondary separation device;The natural gas for from separator separate is delivered to natural gas by gas transmission line In storage tank.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, the device being related in method includes reamer (1), hinge Head (2), expansion link (3), hinge suction pipe (4), running gear (5), auxiliary pump (6), two-stage crushing device (7), reciprocating pump (8), filter (9), screen pipe (10), motor (11), flexible pipe (12), telescoping tube (13), buoyant spheres (14), main pump (15), hard tube (16), insulation Pressurizer (17), cable (18), emergency pump (19), temperature and pressure monitoring module (20), temperature and pressure adjustment module (21), water pump (22), Distiller (23), check-valves (24), coil pipe (25), the warm separator (26) of band, regulating valve (27), an atmospheric valve (28), No. one Check valve (29), gas-liquid separator (30), backfill pipeline (31), air accumulator (32), No. two atmospheric valves (33), LNG processing units (34), circuit board (35), substrate (36), flow guide bar (37), element (38), the first gas-charging connection (39), piston (40), second fills Gas joint (41), housing (42), pressure gauge (43), joint (44), No. two check valves (45), gas cylinder (46).
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, two-stage crushing device (7) and reamer (1) in method Connected by closed gathering pipeline, to keep the stable state of gas hydrate slurry liquid.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, the seawater of injection is filled by sea water filter in method Put (9) and connect two-stage crushing device (7), to avoid the gas hydrate slurry liquid in two-stage crushing device from mixing other impurities.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, is set in method on flexible pipe (12) precalculated position The buoyant spheres (14) of fixed flexible pipe.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, being provided with flexible pipe precalculated position in method makes The retractor device (13) that mining vehicle can be operated over long distances in Gas Hydrate area.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, heat-insulation pressure keeping device (17) includes refrigeration in method Piece and pressurized control device.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, vertical hard tube and the offshore platform one in method Emergency system (19) is provided with the connecting pipeline of level separator.
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, separator includes the warm separator of band in method And gas-liquid separator (30) (26).
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, the warm separator (26) of band also includes being used in method The distilling apparatus (23) of heat is provided, the outlet of distilling apparatus (23) is connected with the warm separator (26) of band, distilling apparatus (23) Entrance is connected with water pump (22).
A kind of described deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, the day of natural gas storage tanks (32) output in method Right gas is delivered to after LNG processing systems (34) are liquefied natural gas and can direct out conveying.
Invention advantage
Exploitation of gas hydrates control method of the invention, using the gas hydrates on deep-sea diagenesis stratum in seabed Stability under temperature and pressure, using solid-state mining system, because vertical pipe is main production tubing, and in vertical tube Road sets heat-insulation pressure keeping device, therefore hydrate will not be decomposed, it is achieved thereby that solid-state exploitation in situ, had both protected seabed ring Border, causes whole mining system safe and feasible again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method device connection diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the attemperator schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the pressurizer schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of controlling method of deep-sea gas hydrates of the embodiment of the present invention, its thinking and original for being realized Reason:By deep-sea Gas Hydrate as a kind of seabed mining deposits, using it in the temperature of the natural environment in seabed and Stability under pressure, using solid-state mining system, mining vehicle reamer (1) is passed through by the Gas Hydrate on seabed surface Hinge is broken;Broken gas hydrate particle will be cut with scissors gas hydrates are formed by two-stage crushing device (7) with the seawater of injection Slurries carry out hydraulic hoisting;Gas hydrate slurry liquid water conservancy is delivered to flexible pipe (12), the gas water that will be exported from flexible pipe Compound slurries are transported to vertical hard tube (16) by main pump (15), and the vertical hard tube is additionally provided with heat-insulation pressure keeping in precalculated position Device (17), the heat-insulation pressure keeping device controls pressure and temperature of the gas hydrate slurry liquid in lifting process in vertical hard tube Degree change so that gas hydrate slurry liquid keep Solid-fluid Two-phase Flow, to keep the stable state of gas hydrates;From hang down The gas hydrate slurry liquid of straight hard tube output is delivered to marine separator, and separator is carried out to gas hydrate slurry liquid Separate and process, the separator is secondary separation device;The natural gas for from separator separate is conveyed by gas transmission line Into natural gas storage tank (32).
Lower mask body introduces the exploitation of gas hydrates control method of the embodiment of the present invention
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the exploitation of gas hydrates control method of the embodiment of the present invention is divided into undersea mining area, pipe Road hydraulic hoisting area, offshore platform separating treatment area.
Undersea mining area be by deep-sea Gas Hydrate region gas hydrates described in digging in solid form, And the gas hydrates are crushed as after particle, with sea water mixing into solid-liquid two-phase hydrate slurry.
As shown in figure 1, undersea mining car include hinge head (2), reamer (1), stretch rod (3), hinge suction pipe (4), auxiliary pump (6), Two-stage crushing device (7), reciprocating pump (8), filter (9), circuit arrangement (11).
Wherein, reamer is fixed in hinge head, for the broken hydrate mineral reserve of FX, the gas water of certain volume Compound by the primary crushing of reamer into gas hydrates bulky grain, using auxiliary pump by the gas hydrates bulky grain pump Enter two-stage crushing device, the bulky grain is broken into the little particle beneficial to pipeline.Seawater is crossed into elimination by filter Deimpurity few impurity seawater injection enters two-stage crushing device and is mixed into solid-liquid two-phase slurries with gas hydrates little particle.Sea Water filter, two-stage crushing device and auxiliary pump are arranged in mining vehicle body, are connected with mining collecting pipe.
Filter lower section is equipped with impurity delivery pipe, and the power system of mining vehicle provides electricity, mining vehicle walking by circuit board Device is crawler type walking mechanism.
Because the mineral reserve area that whole mining process is the gas hydrates in seabed is carried out, the temperature of hydrate is not changed Pressure condition, therefore can ensure that gas hydrates keep solid-state without decomposing, so as to realize solid-state mining in situ.
The seabed hinge of the implementation case inhales device, and it utilizes efficiency crushing sea bed cutter, adapts to seabed high pressure high corrosion Environment, effectively can be broken into considerable degree of fragment, to adapt to the pipeline in later stage by the mud of sea bed, stone.And two grades Breaker, be in mining vehicle set the broken gas hydrate particle of broken hinge device, further it is collected can Combustion ice mixture is processed into uniform density, to be pumped into gathering line.
Natural gas arsenicbearing gold ores polymer beads after broken are together with seawater by two-stage crushing device flow ipe lifting zone.
Pipeline lift area includes that flexible pipe (12) lifting and hard tube (16) lift two large divisions, in order to make mining vehicle in sea Bottom row walks lengthening distance, and in flexible pipe lower end, specified location is arranged to stretchable flexible pipe, and mining vehicle can be made to draw flexible pipe at deep-sea Carry out long range operation.A fairly large number of buoyant spheres are installed in flexible pipe specified location, can make have enough when flexible pipe is stretched Buoyancy, it is to avoid flexible pipe is excessively rocked.Gas hydrate slurry liquid in flexible pipe pumps into vertical hard tube using main pump, due to vertical Hard tube is that the present apparatus conveys pipeline most long, to avoid the decomposition of gas hydrates, in specified location there is provided heat-insulation pressure keeping Device.
As shown in figure 1, attemperator is by the thermoelectric cooling side of highly stable, the safe semiconductor chilling plate of running Formula realizes the active insulation of itself, and semiconductor chilling plate includes circuit board (35), substrate (36), flow guide bar (37), element (38), The principle of semiconductor refrigerating also turns into " peltier effect ", and its Physical Mechanism is:Electric load body moves to form electric current in the conductor, Because electric load body is in different energy levels in different materials, when it is moved from high level to low-lying level, will discharge Go out unnecessary heat, otherwise, it is necessary to it is to show as refrigeration to absorb heat from the external world.
Wherein, circuit system is that marine electric supply installation is connected on the circuit board of semiconductor chilling plate by insulated cable, For semiconductor chilling plate provides dc source.
As shown in Fig. 2 pressure compensating system is main by fittings body (44), gas-charging connection body (41), housing (42) and piston (40) constitute, be for pressurizer detect the vertical pipe pressure loss it is larger when carry out supplement pressure.Work as compensation Pressure reduction in system, until the pressure in compensation system and in heat-insulation pressure keeping reaches balance.
The slurries transferred out from vertical hard tube are directly entered the warm separator of band, the warm separator of band using distilling apparatus to The steam of coil pipe conveying carries out heating separation, and the distilling apparatus pumps into seawater to distilling apparatus by water pump.The warm separator of band makes The natural gas flow that gas hydrates are isolated is backfilled to sea to gas-liquid separator, the silt isolated or placer from backfill pipeline Bottom.Because the natural gas that separating at high temperature goes out carries water droplet, when gas-liquid separator is carried out, drop is fallen into separator bottom, day Right gas gas phase then rises to separator outlet and is delivered to LNG processing units by absorption layer, from the liquid of gas-liquid separator separates Impurity is connected with warm separator by backfilling Pipeline transport to seabed with the backfill pipeline of gas-liquid separator, the ore deposit after separation Sand and silt backfill sea after treatment, it is to avoid geology secondary disaster.
The above-mentioned liquefied natural gas treated by LNG can direct out conveying.
The exploitation of gas hydrates control system of present example, the gas hydrates using deep-sea diagenesis stratum exist Stability under bottom-water temperature and pressure, using solid-state mining system, because vertical pipe is main production tubing, and is hanging down Straight pipeline sets heat-insulation pressure keeping device, therefore hydrate will not be decomposed, it is achieved thereby that solid-state exploitation in situ, both protects seabed Environment, causes whole mining system safe and feasible again.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method, the device that the method is used includes:Reamer (1), hinge head (2), Expansion link (3), hinge suction pipe (4), running gear (5), auxiliary pump (6), two-stage crushing device (7), reciprocating pump (8), filter (9), mistake Chimney filter (10), motor (11), flexible pipe (12), telescoping tube (13), buoyant spheres (14), main pump (15), hard tube (16), heat-insulation pressure keeping dress Put (17), cable (18), emergency pump (19), temperature and pressure monitoring module (20), temperature and pressure adjustment module (21), water pump (22), distiller (23), check-valves (24), coil pipe (25), the warm separator (26) of band, regulating valve (27), an atmospheric valve (28), a check valve (29), gas-liquid separator (30), backfill pipeline (31), air accumulator (32), No. two atmospheric valves (33), LNG processing units (34), electricity Road plate (35), substrate (36), flow guide bar (37), element (38), the first gas-charging connection (39), piston (40), the second gas-charging connection (41), housing (42), pressure gauge (43), joint (44), No. two check valves (45), gas cylinder (46);Characterized in that, by sea The Gas Hydrate of basal surface cuts with scissors broken by mining vehicle reamer (1);Broken gas hydrate particle and injection will be cut with scissors Seawater by two-stage crushing device (7) formed gas hydrate slurry liquid carry out hydraulic hoisting;By gas hydrate slurry liquid Water conservancy is delivered to flexible pipe (12), and the gas hydrate slurry liquid that will be exported from flexible pipe is transported to vertical hard tube by main pump (15) (16), the vertical hard tube is additionally provided with heat-insulation pressure keeping device (17) in precalculated position, and the heat-insulation pressure keeping device control is vertical Pressure, temperature variation of the gas hydrate slurry liquid in lifting process is so that gas hydrate slurry liquid keeps solid in hard tube Liquid two-phase is moved, to keep the stable state of gas hydrates;From the gas hydrate slurry liquid conveying of vertical hard tube output To marine separator, separator is separated and processed to gas hydrate slurry liquid, and the separator is two fractions From device;From separator separate natural gas natural gas storage tank is delivered to by gas transmission line in (32).
2. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the depth In seawater compound mining, the two-stage crushing device (7) is connected with reamer (1) by closed gathering pipeline, to keep day The stable state of right gas hydrate slurries.
3. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sea of injection Water connects two-stage crushing device (7) by seawater filtering device (9), to avoid the gas hydrate slurry in two-stage crushing device Liquid mixes other impurities.
4. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in flexible pipe (12) buoyant spheres (14) of fixed flexible pipe are provided with precalculated position.
5. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pre- in flexible pipe Positioning puts the retractor device (13) for being provided with and making mining vehicle to be operated over long distances in Gas Hydrate area.
6. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that heat-insulation pressure keeping Device (17) includes cooling piece and pressurized control device.
7. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that vertical hard tube Emergency system (19) is provided with the connecting pipeline of the offshore platform primary separator.
8. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that separator Including band temperature separator (26) and gas-liquid separator (30).
9. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that band temperature is separated Device (26) also includes the distilling apparatus (23) for providing heat, and the outlet of distilling apparatus (23) is with the warm separator (26) of band even Connect, the entrance of distilling apparatus (23) is connected with water pump (22).
10. a kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that natural gas The natural gas transportation of holding vessel (32) output can direct out conveying after natural gas is liquefied to LNG processing systems (34).
CN201710151504.7A 2017-03-14 2017-03-14 A kind of deep-sea exploitation of gas hydrates control method Pending CN106837338A (en)

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CN115263314B (en) * 2022-08-09 2024-06-07 西南石油大学 Method and system for assisting submarine mining lifting by utilizing natural gas hydrate decomposed gas

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Application publication date: 20170613