CN105041271B - A kind of buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems - Google Patents
A kind of buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN105041271B CN105041271B CN201510455687.2A CN201510455687A CN105041271B CN 105041271 B CN105041271 B CN 105041271B CN 201510455687 A CN201510455687 A CN 201510455687A CN 105041271 B CN105041271 B CN 105041271B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- -1 natural gas hydrates Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems, including semi-submersible type offshore platform, many shower holes recovery well, well head gas hydromining Ji Shu, gas water mixed delivery system, seabed gas-water separation equipment, gas transmission system, pipe-line system, power and communication system and nine parts of auxiliary equipment, the safe efficient and the economic exploitation that sea bed gas hydrate is hidden can be achieved.Present system is complete, and each several part modularization is strong, and reusable, manufacturing cost is low, the cycle is short；Most of device is located at seabed, by offshore platform control, and only conveying natural gas is to sea, and additional energy consumes few；Recovery well uses many cluster perforating technologies, effectively reduces leakage exploiting field domain, using multilevel well, effectively improves gas production；With functions such as anti-hole plug, well blowout preventing and the secondary generations of hydrate, it is ensured that safety in production；Each capital equipment flexibly can be moved and be applied in combination, and realize portable, compartmentalization production operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of natural gas hydrate resources production technique, especially a kind of buck gas hydrates are opened
Mining method and system, are particularly suitable for use in the high-efficiency mining of sea bed gas hydrate resource.
Background technology
Gas hydrates (Natural Gas Hydrate, abbreviation NGH) be natural gas under conditions of high pressure low temperature with
Aqueous phase interaction crystallizes the solid matter to be formed, and the hydrate that nature is present is mostly methane hydrate, is mainly contained
In the permafrost band on bottom sediment and land.According to modern geological exploration and research, it is found that NGH has a very wide distribution, advised
Mould is big, energy density is high, is one of most promising new and effective clean energy resource, its organic carbon content has been visited equivalent to the whole world
Twice of bright fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas), with huge business extraction value.
The exploitation of gas hydrates promotes it to resolve into and natural gas mainly by destroying its phase balance condition, existing
Stage common recovery method is mainly voltage drop method, heat injection method and chemical-agent technique.And voltage drop method, it is a kind of with higher relatively
The recovery method of economy, because it need not consume additional energy, and does not also pollute to environment.
However, gas hydrates to contain condition complex, situation is compared with oil, natural gas conventional energy resource special
Very, solid-state is into Tibetan, and the difficulty of probing is much bigger, mutually becomes gaseous state in recovery process, has very big challenge to reservoir structure.And
And, ocean hydrate is hidden and is typically distributed across under seabed of more than 1000 meters away from sea, more than 300 meters of lithosphere, in lamelliform with sinking
Product thing alternating layers, with high pressure, it is hypotonic, extremely uneven the characteristics of, the exploitation of sea bed gas hydrate differs markedly from conventional oil
The exploitation of gas reservoir is, it is necessary to the factor such as considering cost, efficiency and safety, therefore there is presently no for gas hydrates
The effective system schema of exploitation, the group of the technical scheme that state's NGH runins such as Japan are adopted only conventional recovery method
Close or deformation collocation, so the production technique and scheme of gas hydrates have great research and development space.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiency and defect in the existing recovery scheme of gas hydrates, the tool hidden with reference to sea bottom hydrate
Body is actual, and there is provided the buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems of a kind of system, it is possible to achieve sea
The safe efficient and the economic exploitation of bottom gas hydrates.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems, whole mining system include partly latent
Formula offshore platform, many shower holes recovery well, well head gas hydromining Ji Shu, gas water mixed delivery system, seabed gas-water separation equipment, gas transmission system
System, pipe-line system, power and communication system and auxiliary equipment, totally nine parts；In addition to semi-submersible type offshore platform, remainder is complete
Portion is arranged on seabed；
(1) semi-submersible type offshore platform includes hull, hanging device, equipment for after-treatment, terminal device and other facilities, partly latent
Formula offshore platform uses dynamic positioning system, can move flexibly；Hull is the basis for supporting semi-submersible type offshore platform, for taking
Hanging device, equipment for after-treatment, terminal device, other facilities and enough undersea devices are carried, any situation can be maintained at and plunged into the commercial sea
The stability and self-supplying capacity of upper mounting plate；Hanging device is mainly the electric winch on hull, and it is used to hang fixed gas transmission line,
Ensure gas transmission safety；Equipment for after-treatment by seabed convey the natural gas that comes up further separate, purify after be output to gas station for
Family is used；Terminal device is responsible for being communicated and being controlled with each equipment in seabed；Other facilities include offshore platform supply of electric power, peace
Full production measure and living facilities.
(2) many shower holes recovery well is divided into vertical well section and net horizontal section, and vertical well section hides the rock on top from hydrate
The bottom that cap rock direct puncture is hidden to hydrate, is made up of, vertical well section and net horizontal section internal sleeve pipe and outside cementing concrete
Vertical connection, junction prevents silt from entering vertical well section provided with sand filter, and net horizontal section is respectively positioned on hydrate and hides interior, by sleeve pipe
Protection；
Vertical well section is provided with two layers of sand filter and urgent blowout preventer in the connecting portion that upper cap rock and hydrate are hidden, and prevents hydration
Nitride layer silt enters in follow-up pipeline, prevents borehole pressure too high and gas blowout accident；
Vertical well section is connected with multiple different depths, the horizontal well in direction, and net horizontal section pipe sleeve surrounding utilizes many shower holes skill
Art is punched, and can improve the contact area hidden with hydrate, reduces leakage exploiting field domain, and then improve factor of created gase.
(3) mainly it is made up of, is connected with the upper end of vertical well section, bluff body housing and bluff body on well head gas hydromining collection tree construction
Control liftable well lid and then control voltage drop method decomposition pressure to have well blowout preventing pipeline cutting function concurrently, be provided simultaneously with electricity auxiliary heating
Function prevents the secondary generation of hydrate；
Stress control is in 3-4MPa in collection tree, and bluff body electricity auxiliary heating temperature is set in 6-8 DEG C.
(4) air water is gathered the air water in tree and is delivered to seabed gas-water separation by gas water mixed delivery system by air water mixing pump
Equipment.
(5) seabed gas-water separation equipment includes separator body, separation chamber, fore pump, suction pump and check-valves, separation chamber
Inside separator body, upper opening and it is connected with fore pump, preposition pump intake is placed in separation chamber's inner bottom part, preposition to pump out
Mouth is connected with the pump intake that draws water, and the pump discharge that draws water is connected with check-valves；Separator is connected by its upper opening with gas transmission system, bottom
Portion's entrance is connected with gas water mixed delivery system；Seabed gas-water separation equipment requirement is strictly vertically-mounted by gravity, it is ensured that internal liquid level
It is horizontal during work；
Air-water mixture enters from separator bottom entrance, enters when rising along separator inwall surrounding and reach separation chamber mouthful
In separation chamber, drawn water using fore pump and suction pump two-stage, it is ensured that water level is less than on demarcation water level, separation chamber's liquid level in separation chamber
Portion space is the gas isolated；The pump discharge that draws water is connected with check-valves, prevents inwelling.
(6) gas transmission system is extracted gas out from moisture trap top by gas boosting pump, is pressed and delivered to marine flat
Platform is post-processed.
(7) pipe-line system mainly includes submarine pipeline terminal facilities (PLET) and supporting jumper pipe, and each equipment is connected
Integral pipeline.
(8) power includes seabed power station and seabed operating office and supporting umbilical with communication system, passes through umbilical seabed electricity
Stand and operating office is connected with each equipment, be connected by wireless communication technique with offshore platform terminal system；
Seabed power station, the supply of electric power for each electrical equipment in seabed；Seabed operating office concatenates each equipment, by offshore platform
Terminal device is controlled, and issues the operation instruction of each equipment in seabed.
(9) auxiliary equipment mainly includes detecting devices, drilling equipment and underwater operation robot；
Detecting devices is accurately positioned distributing position, depth and the reserves of hydrate Tibetan using advanced Detection Techniques, feeds back to
Terminal device carries out drilling well Facility location, determines the position of Vertical Well and the arrangement of multilevel well；
Drilling equipment include rig, perforation and cementing equipment, determine that well drilling positions are postponed, using segmentation drilling, cement the well it is progressive
Formula drilling technology, perforating apparatus is used for implementing many shower holes in net horizontal section；
Underwater operation robot, i.e. unmanned remotely controlled submersible vehicle, can freely travel to and fro between seabed and sea, possess wireless telecommunications with
Control function, it is self-powered, it can be charged, be controlled by seawater platform terminal system by sub-sea dynamic system, be responsible for underwater installation
Production installation, emergency maintenance and normal monitoring.
Nine above-mentioned parts collectively form buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems.
Above-mentioned mining system is placed in seabed in addition to offshore platform, and corrosion-resistant and high pressure, main undersea device has
There are roller and anchor, roller is used for shift position, and anchor is fixed by undersea device underframe and marine rock layer, prevents
Sliding and sedimentation that undercurrent impact under water and hypsography are caused.
Above-mentioned mining system can realize that multiple recovery wells converge to a gas-water separation by submarine pipeline terminal facilities
Device, many moisture traps are aggregated into a supercharging air delivering pipeline, and forming region, which is melted, adopts, and improves gas production efficiency；In addition, seawater
Platform flexibly can be moved and reuse with undersea device, and portable exploitation can be achieved, effectively reduces equipment investment cost, carries
High economy.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Present system is complete, and each several part modularization is strong, reusable, manufacturing cost
The low, cycle is short；Most of device is located at seabed, by offshore platform control, only conveys natural gas to sea, additional energy consumption
It is few；Recovery well uses many cluster perforating technologies, effectively reduces leakage exploiting field domain, using multilevel well, effectively improves gas production；With anti-
The functions such as hole plug, well blowout preventing and the secondary generation of hydrate, it is ensured that safety in production；Each capital equipment can flexibly be moved and combination makes
With realization is portable, compartmentalization production operation.
Brief description of the drawings
The system composition and equipment that Fig. 1 is the present invention arrange schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the combination embodiment schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure：Semi-submersible type offshore platform 1；Hull 11；Hanging device 12；Equipment for after-treatment 13；Terminal device 14；Many showers
Hole recovery well 2；Well head 21；Vertical well section 22；Net horizontal section 23；Sleeve pipe 24；Cementing concrete 25；Sand filter 26；Urgent blowout preventer
27；Many shower holes 28；Well lid 29；Well head gas hydromining collection tree 3；Housing 31；Bluff body 32；Gas water mixed delivery system 4；Air water mixing pump
40；Seabed gas-water separation equipment 5；Separator body 50；Separation chamber 51；Fore pump 52；Drainage pump 53；Check-valves 54；Gas transmission system
System 6；Gas boosting pump 60；Gas transmission line 61；Pipe-line system 7；Submarine pipeline terminal facilities (PLET)；70 jumper pipes 71；Power
With communication system 8；Seabed power station 80；Seabed operating office 81；Umbilical 82；Auxiliary equipment 9；Detecting devices 91；Drilling equipment 92；Water
Lower Work robot 93.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, this mining system includes semi-submersible type offshore platform 1, many shower holes recovery well 2, well head gas hydromining collection
Tree 3, gas water mixed delivery system 4, seabed gas-water separation equipment 5, gas transmission system 6, pipe-line system 7, power and communication system 8 and auxiliary
Equipment 9.Standardization exploitation flow is as follows：
Detection：Offshore platform 1 carries various equipment and reached behind predetermined maritime area, and lower auxiliary equipment 9, unmanned operation machine are thrown first
Device people 93 starts detecting devices 91 and carries out advanced accurate detection on seabed surface, determine hydrate hide the depth being distributed, position and
Content, feeds back to terminal device 14 and carries out decision-making judgement.
Completion：It is determined that position is bored in exploitation and the cloth of multilevel well is postponed, power enters water with communication system 8, is anchored at brill position attached
Closely, drilling equipment 92 is connected to by umbilical 81, seabed power station 80 is operated, drilling equipment 92 starts drilling well, well cementation and perforation work
Make, and sand filter 26 and urgent blowout preventer 27 are installed.After drilling well terminates, well lid 29 is covered, drilling equipment 92 is removed, in well head peace
Fill air water collection tree 3.
Assembling：Gas water mixed delivery system 4, gas-water separation equipment 5, gas transmission system 6 and pipe-line system 7 are put under water successively,
Air water collection tree 3, gas water mixed delivery system 4, gas-water separation are sequentially connected by submarine pipeline terminal facilities 70 and jumper pipe 71 to set
Standby 5 and gas transmission system 6, gas transmission line 61 are outstanding solid by offshore platform hanging device 12, and power passes through umbilical 81 with communication system 8
Connecting all electrical equipments, there is provided power supply and control instruction.
Aerogenesis：By the position for the bluff body 32 for adjusting air water collection tree 3, change the aperture of recovery well well lid 29, control well
Interior pressure controls decomposition of hydrate speed in 3-4MPa, while bluff body electricity auxiliary heating temperature control is prevented at 6-8 DEG C
Hydrate is generated；Air water mixing pump 40, suction pump 51 and the Collaboration of gas booster pump 60, decompose send natural gas into post processing
In equipment 13；Terminal device 14 both can guarantee that gas-water separation equipment ran well, and can optimize operating scheme again, reduce energy consumption.
Shut-in well：Hydrate is reached after maximum exploitation limit, and by air water collection tree 3, seawater is injected into net horizontal section 23
In, the urgent water shutoff horizontal well of blowout preventer 27 is opened, continues to irrigate seawater to the position of well head 21, whole recovery well is closed with well lid 29,
Remove air water collection tree 3.
Above example be with the present invention carries out ocean gas hydrate seabed decompression exploit an entire flow with
Most basic system, can use other existing technical substitution technologies of the present invention in specific implementation.As shown in Figure 2 one
Embodiment is combined, each offshore platform 1 can connect 3 seabed gas-water separation equipments 5 by gas delivery system 6, and every gas
Water separation equipment 5 can connect 3 air water collection trees and recovery well by gas water mixed delivery system 4 again, you can realize that seabed is hydrated
The compartmentalization exploitation of thing.
It is worth noting that, above-described embodiment is exemplary rather than the limitation present invention, general principle and think of according to the present invention
Road, can also change, increase and decrease described specific equipment or technology, or combination, fractionation use part of the present invention or complete
Portion's function, those skilled in the art are possible to design many alternate embodiments without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems, it is characterised in that whole mining system includes partly latent
Formula offshore platform, many shower holes recovery well, well head gas hydromining Ji Shu, gas water mixed delivery system, seabed gas-water separation equipment, gas transmission system
System, pipe-line system, power and communication system and auxiliary equipment, totally nine parts；In addition to semi-submersible type offshore platform, remainder is complete
Portion is arranged on seabed；
(1) semi-submersible type offshore platform includes hull, hanging device, equipment for after-treatment, terminal device and other facilities, semi-submersible type sea
Upper mounting plate uses dynamic positioning system, flexibly mobile；Hull is the basis for supporting semi-submersible type offshore platform, is set for carrying lifting
Standby, equipment for after-treatment, terminal device, other facilities and other undersea devices, are maintained at semi-submersible type offshore platform under any situation
Stability and self-supplying capacity；Hanging device is mainly the electric winch on hull, for hanging fixed gas transmission line, it is ensured that gas transmission
Safety；Equipment for after-treatment is output to gas station for users to use after the natural gas that seabed conveying comes up further is separated, purified；Eventually
End equipment is responsible for being communicated and being controlled with each equipment in seabed；Other facilities, which include offshore platform supply of electric power, safety in production, arranges
Impose and living facilities；
(2) many shower holes recovery well is divided into vertical well section and net horizontal section, and vertical well section hides the rock cap rock on top from hydrate
The bottom that direct puncture is hidden to hydrate, is made up of, vertical well section is vertical with net horizontal section internal sleeve pipe and outside cementing concrete
Connection, junction prevents silt from entering vertical well section provided with sand filter, and net horizontal section is respectively positioned on hydrate and hides interior, protected by sleeve pipe
Shield；
Vertical well section hides the rock cap rock on top and the connecting portion of hydrate Tibetan provided with two layers of sand filter and urgent envelope in hydrate
Well device, prevents hydrate layer silt from entering in follow-up pipeline, prevents borehole pressure too high and gas blowout accident；
(3) mainly it is made up of, is connected with the upper end of vertical well section housing and bluff body on well head gas hydromining collection tree construction, bluff body control
Liftable well lid so control voltage drop method decomposition pressure have well blowout preventing pipeline cutting function concurrently, be provided simultaneously with electricity auxiliary heating function
Prevent the secondary generation of hydrate；
Stress control is in 3-4MPa in collection tree, and bluff body electricity auxiliary heating temperature is set in 6-8 DEG C；
(4) air water is gathered the air water in tree and is delivered to seabed gas-water separation equipment by gas water mixed delivery system by air water mixing pump；
(5) seabed gas-water separation equipment includes separator body, separation chamber, fore pump, suction pump and check-valves, and separation chamber is located at
Inside separator body, separation chamber's upper opening is connected with fore pump, and preposition pump intake is placed in separation chamber's inner bottom part, preposition to pump out
Mouth is connected with the pump intake that draws water, and the pump discharge that draws water is connected with check-valves；Separator is connected by its upper opening with gas transmission system, bottom
Portion's entrance is connected with gas water mixed delivery system；Seabed gas-water separation equipment requirement is strictly vertically-mounted by gravity, it is ensured that internal liquid level
It is horizontal during work；
Air-water mixture enters from separator bottom entrance, rises along separator inwall surrounding and enters separation when reaching separation chamber mouthful
Interior, is drawn water using fore pump and suction pump two-stage, it is ensured that water level is less than demarcation water level in separation chamber, and separation chamber's ullage is empty
Between be the gas isolated；The pump discharge that draws water is connected with check-valves, prevents inwelling；
(6) gas is extracted out by gas boosting pump, is pressed and delivered to offshore platform and entered by gas transmission system from moisture trap top
Row post processing；
(7) pipe-line system mainly includes submarine pipeline terminal facilities and supporting jumper pipe, and each equipment is connected into overall pipeline；
(8) power and communication system include seabed power station and seabed operating office and supporting umbilical, by umbilical, seabed power station and
Seabed operating office is connected with each equipment, is connected by wireless communication technique with offshore platform terminal system；
Seabed power station, the supply of electric power for each electrical equipment in seabed；Seabed operating office concatenates each equipment, by offshore platform terminal
Equipment is controlled, and issues the operation instruction of each equipment in seabed；
(9) auxiliary equipment mainly includes detecting devices, drilling equipment and underwater operation robot；
Detecting devices is accurately positioned distributing position, depth and the reserves of hydrate Tibetan using advanced Detection Techniques, feeds back to terminal
Equipment carries out drilling well Facility location, determines the position of Vertical Well and the arrangement of multilevel well；
Drilling equipment includes rig, perforation and cementing equipment, determines that well drilling positions are postponed, using segmentation drilling, gradual bore of cementing the well
Well technology, perforating apparatus is used for implementing many shower holes in net horizontal section；
Underwater operation robot, i.e. unmanned remotely controlled submersible vehicle, freely travel to and fro between seabed and sea, possess wireless telecommunications and control work(
Can, it is self-powered, charged, controlled by offshore platform terminal system by sub-sea dynamic system, be responsible for the production peace of underwater installation
Dress, emergency maintenance and normal monitoring；
Nine above-mentioned parts collectively form buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems.
2. buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Vertical Well
The multiple different depths of Duan Lianyou, the horizontal well in direction.
3. buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that institute
The undersea device stated is respectively provided with roller and anchor, and roller is used for shift position, and anchor is by undersea device underframe and sea
Bed rock rock layers are fixed, the sliding and sedimentation for preventing undercurrent impact under water and hypsography from causing.
4. buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that institute
The mining system stated realizes that multiple recovery wells converge to a moisture trap, many air waters by submarine pipeline terminal facilities
Separator is aggregated into a supercharging air delivering pipeline, and forming region, which is melted, adopts, and improves gas production efficiency；Described offshore platform and seabed
Equipment flexibly can be moved and reused, and portable exploitation can be achieved.
5. buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Mining system realizes that multiple recovery wells converge to a moisture trap, many gas-water separations by submarine pipeline terminal facilities
Device is aggregated into a supercharging air delivering pipeline, and forming region, which is melted, adopts, and improves gas production efficiency；Described offshore platform and undersea device
Flexibly it can move and reuse, portable exploitation can be achieved.
6. the buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 1,2 or 5, it is characterised in that
Described air water collection tree prevents the secondary generation obstruction pipeline of hydrate using electric additional heat.
7. buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Air water collection tree prevents the secondary generation obstruction pipeline of hydrate using electric additional heat.
8. buck ocean gas hydrate sub-sea production systems according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described
Air water collection tree prevents the secondary generation obstruction pipeline of hydrate using electric additional heat.
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| BR112018009410B1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2022-09-20 | Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING FROZEN GAS HYDRATES FOR USE IN A FROZEN CONFECTIONERY PRODUCT |
| CN105909223A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for electric heating assisted depressurizing production of natural gas hydrate reservoir through dual horizontal shafts |
| CN108071372A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-25 | 中国计量大学 | The simple type recovery method of common seabed combustible ice |
| CN106761587B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-04-20 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Ocean aleuritic texture reservoir gas hydrates multiple-limb hole finite sand control recovery method |
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