CN109488259B - It is handled up the method for replacement exploitation I class hydrate system based on warm seawater-gravel - Google Patents
It is handled up the method for replacement exploitation I class hydrate system based on warm seawater-gravel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109488259B CN109488259B CN201811514174.4A CN201811514174A CN109488259B CN 109488259 B CN109488259 B CN 109488259B CN 201811514174 A CN201811514174 A CN 201811514174A CN 109488259 B CN109488259 B CN 109488259B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
Abstract
The present invention program discloses a kind of to be handled up the method for replacement exploitation I class hydrate system based on warm seawater-gravel: (1) containing blocky hydrate I class hydrate system reservoir for shallow-layer, make a call to a main borehole for running through hydrate layer and free gas-bearing formation, and in free gas-bearing formation perforation, the free gas that underlies is exploited in decompression；(2) main shaft is drilled through by using hydrate reservoir add the method for branched hole and increase the decomposition surface area of blocky hydrate, and handle up the production technique that method, fluid extraction voltage drop method combine in conjunction with surface seawater, decompose blocky hydrate gradually；(3) by the intermittent gravel for injecting certain partial size into stratum, the formation depletion space as caused by blocky decomposition of hydrate is constantly filled up, stratum is maintained to improve nearly well permeability while stabilization；Move in circles execution, had not only realized duration, the scale exploitation of gas hydrates, but also maintains the stabilization of subsea environment and the ecosystem, embodies environmentally protective utility strategies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Gas Hydrate In Sea Areas development fields, and in particular to and one kind handled up based on warm seawater-and gravel sets
The ocean I class hydrate system decompression recovery method changed.
Background technique
Gas hydrates reserves are huge, are the generally acknowledged following potential energy sources, wherein about 90% or more natural gas is hydrated
Object resource enrichness Yu Haiyang evokes the dense research interest of many countries and exploitation enthusiasm.How safely, effectively to extract natural gas
Hydrate, it has also become the hot issue in gas hydrates field.
Symbiosis of the hydrate hiding in ocean according to hydrate sublayer and underlie free gas sublayer or aqueous sublayer, Ke Yifen
For I class hydrate system, II class hydrate system and Group III hydrate system, wherein I class hydrate system refers to upper sublayer
For hydrate layer, underlie symbiosis free gas sublayer, and top hydrate layer and the free gas sublayer that underlies belong to the same hydrate
Gas accumulation system, the interface between two sublayers are among dynamic changing process.This kind of reservoir is that gas hydrates pilot production is excellent
The reservoir first considered, for the I class hydrate system containing shallow-layer bulk hydrate, the hydrate system is from upper
Blocky hydrate sublayer, dispersed hydrate sublayer and the free gas sublayer that underlies are sequentially distributed under.Investigation display in recent years, shallowly
Layer natural gas hydrate resources specific gravity is being substantially improved.China Seas also obtains the sample of shallow-layer hydrate, it was demonstrated that
The gas hydrates of this type are widely present in sea area, show that the stock number of the type hydrate is huge.
Compared with deep layer diffused hydrate, I class hydrate system has its unique resources advantage.However, due to exploitation
Basic theory is unclear, is restricted by production technique, not yet carried out any shallow-layer bulk hydrate pilot production in the world and attempts, main
There are following critical issues to need to solve:
1. the blocky hydrate ore body of shallow-layer large area requires supplementation with a large amount of heat, therefore simple drop to decompose
Platen press is not appropriate for the continuous exploitation of blocky hydrate；
2. the hydrate thickness of some ore bodies can since shallow-layer bulk hydrate is the component part of bottom sediment skeleton
Up to tens of rice, these hydrates will lead to stratum large area during being decomposed into air water two-phase output by solid phase is in debt, can
Stratum is caused quickly to collapse and cause environment and ecocatastrophe；
3. if there is free natural gases for the seabed below blocky hydrate reservoir, after hydrate reservoir decomposes, phase
It is destroyed when in cap rock, the natural gas that underlies will escape into ocean and atmosphere, cause local geology disaster, to marine ecology ring
Cause irreversible disaster in border.
Therefore, Yao Youxiao exploiting ocean shallow-layer bulk hydrate first has to the concrete condition for findding out ore body, including specific
Geological structure, with the presence or absence of area, thickness of underlie natural gas reservoir and ore body etc..For such ore body, it would be highly desirable to propose one kind
The production technique and method of technical feasibility are able to solve above-mentioned technological difficulties, realize holding for shallow-layer bulk I class hydrate system
Continuous, environmental protection exploitation, promotes the Gas Hydrate In Sea Areas industrialization process in China.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of completely new, handling up-gravel based on warm seawater of being applicable in the exploitation of Yu Haiyang's shallow-layer bulk hydrate
The method of stone replacement exploitation shallow-layer bulk I class hydrate system, the mesh realized safety, constantly exploit shallow-layer bulk hydrate
's.
The present invention is that the following technical solution is employed and realizes: one kind is handled up-gravel replacement exploitation I class water based on warm seawater
The method of polymer system, comprising the following steps:
S1, it is directed to ocean shallow-layer bulk I class hydrate system, makes a call to a vertical main borehole through hydrate reservoir and free gas
Layer, and in free gas-bearing formation perforation；Then pit shaft and the hydrate reservoir free gas that underlies are depressured simultaneously, make hydrate reservoir following table
Face, main borehole blocky hydrate gradually decompose, decompression exploitation is underlied free gas；
S2, when decompression exploitation gas output reduce when, to hydrate reservoir inject surface layer temperature seawater, stand a period of time carry out
Heat exchange is exchanged by the heat of seawater, promotes blocky hydrate surface to decompose, after reservoir hydrate further decomposes, so
Extraction seawater decompression afterwards realizes that decompression joins with heating and adopts, and is opened using what surface seawater handled up that method, fluid extraction voltage drop method combine
Technology is adopted, decomposes blocky hydrate gradually；
S3, decompression recovery percent is judged according to gas output, when decomposition of hydrate is near wellbore and hydrate reservoir bottom
When generating hole, the gravel that specific quantity is intermittently conveyed by pipeline is gradually covered the deficit, certain by injecting into stratum
The gravel of partial size constantly fills up the formation depletion space as caused by blocky decomposition of hydrate, keeps the complete of stratum, and gravel
Permeability it is very high, will not influence the flowing of air-liquid, improve nearly well permeability while maintaining stratum to stablize, promote hydration
Effective decomposition of object；
S4, step S2 and S3 are repeated, by continuous seawater handle up circulation, decompression exploitation, injection gravel, make shallow-layer
Blocky hydrate ore body constantly decomposes until exploitation terminates, and the gravel of injection maintains the steady of stratum instead of hydrate ore body
It is qualitative, achieve the purpose that safety, constantly exploit shallow-layer bulk hydrate.
Further, in the step S1 decompression exploitation underlie free gas when, realized especially by following manner:
(1) shallow-layer bulk hydrate buried depth, distribution area, thickness, underlie free gas position, extension side are determined first
To, reservoir permeability and mechanical strength etc., and the drilling plan and casing programme of main borehole are designed accordingly；In production well construction
Before, it lays overflow feelings for monitoring blocky hydrate reservoir decomposing state, sweep area, formation stability and methane gas first
The monitoring well of condition；
(2) suction anchor is then placed in seabed mud face hereinafter, " casing and well head head utilize for prefabricated installation 20 in suction anchor
Drilling ship bores after a vertical main shaft successively drills surface deposit, hydrate reservoir and free gas-bearing formation, and in free gas-bearing formation perforation,
Production casing is installed to free gas-bearing formation after well cementation；
(3) the complete well of sand preventing tool is used, the flow channel of free gas-bearing formation and pit shaft is established；
(4) in major diameter main hole, a set of high-power electric pump and a set of for hydrate decompression exploitation is installed respectively
For infusing the high head injection pump of surface seawater and gravel pack, high-power electric pump and high head injection pump two systems by cutting automatically
Switch is changed, is used alternatingly in the left and right sides, air-water-sand three phase separator is placed in high-power electric pump front end；
(5) the annular BOP for closing RMR well system suction apparatus starts the lifting device of RMR well system to reduce well
Bottom pressure realizes decompression production.
Further, it in the step S1, in order to increase decomposition of hydrate surface area, is beaten in the main borehole of hydrate reservoir
Multiple branched holes, the branched hole are laid along main borehole circumferencial direction, and the length of branched hole is extensible according to practical exploitation situation
To hundreds of meters.
Further, in the step S2, surface layer temperature seawater progress heat exchange is injected by high head injection pump, promotes to store up
It deposits after hydrate further decomposes, is again turned on high head injection pump, extracts borehole fluid decompression, starting decompression mining sequence continues
Decompression production, and repeat the step.
Further, in the step S3, the decomposition volume of blocky hydrate is obtained according to gas water yield is produced, and combine prison
The monitoring data of well logging obtain hydrate reservoir deficit situation, gravel are injected into hole by high head injection pump, with retentively
Layer is stablized.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
The intermittent ocean superficial layer bulk hydrate exploitation technology that the present invention program is proposed, is handled up using surface seawater
The production technique that method, fluid extraction voltage drop method combine, decomposes blocky hydrate gradually；It is injected by intermittent into stratum
The gravel of certain partial size, constantly fills up the formation depletion space as caused by blocky decomposition of hydrate, while maintaining stratum to stablize
Nearly well permeability is improved, effective decomposition of hydrate is promoted；It moves in circles, carries out the water that temperature seawater in surface layer is handled up, gravel is replaced
Object exploitation is closed, achieved the purpose that safety, constantly exploited shallow-layer bulk hydrate, both realized continuing for gas hydrates
Property, scale exploitation, and maintain the stabilization of subsea environment and the ecosystem, embody environmentally protective utility strategies, be a kind of
Ocean superficial layer bulk hydrate recovery method with broad prospect of application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the working principle diagram of replacement exploitation I class hydrate system handled up based on warm seawater-gravel；
Fig. 2 is the casing programme schematic diagram of replacement exploitation I class hydrate system handled up based on warm seawater-gravel；
Wherein: 1, filling gravel；2, sea level；3, gravel injection channel；4, seawater；5, surface layer temperature seawater injection channel；
6, multiphase output channel；7, seabed；8, hydrate reservoir；9, gravel；10, sand preventing tool；11, dissociate gas-bearing formation；12, gas-liquid delivery
Pipeline；13, mud line；14,RMR；15, underwater testing tree；16, underwater well head；17, coiled tubing；18, suction anchor；19, conduit；
20, coiled tubing；21, naked eye；22, multilateral well；23, monitoring well.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention is more clearly understood, with reference to the accompanying drawing and implement
The present invention will be further described for example.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, in embodiments herein and embodiment
Feature can be combined with each other.
A method of it is handled up-gravel replacement exploitation I class hydrate system based on warm seawater, referring to figs. 1 and 2,
The following steps are included:
S1, it is directed to ocean shallow-layer bulk I class hydrate system reservoir, makes a call to a vertical main borehole through hydrate reservoir and trip
From gas-bearing formation, and in free gas-bearing formation perforation；In order to increase decomposition of hydrate surface area, multiple scores are made in the main borehole of hydrate reservoir
Zhi Kong, the branched hole are laid along main borehole circumferencial direction, and the length of branched hole may extend to hundreds of according to practical exploitation situation
Then rice is depressured pit shaft and the hydrate reservoir free gas that underlies simultaneously, makes hydrate reservoir lower surface, main borehole and Multilateral Wells
Blocky hydrate gradually decompose, decompression exploitation is underlied free gas；
S2, when decompression exploitation gas output reduce when, to hydrate reservoir inject surface layer temperature seawater, stand a period of time carry out
Heat exchange is exchanged by the heat of seawater, promotes blocky hydrate surface to decompose, after reservoir hydrate further decomposes, so
Extraction seawater decompression afterwards realizes that decompression joins with heating and adopts, and is opened using what surface seawater handled up that method, fluid extraction voltage drop method combine
Technology is adopted, decomposes blocky hydrate gradually；
S3, decompression recovery percent is judged according to gas output, when decomposition of hydrate is near wellbore and hydrate reservoir bottom
When generating hole, gradually covered the deficit by the gravel (20 mesh or so) of the intermittent conveying specific quantity of pipeline, by intermittent
The gravel of certain partial size is injected into stratum, constantly fills up the formation depletion space as caused by blocky decomposition of hydrate, retentively
Layer it is complete, and the permeability of gravel is very high, will not influence the flowing of air-liquid, improves while maintaining stratum to stablize close
Well permeability promotes effective decomposition of hydrate；
S4, step S2 and S3 are repeated, by continuous seawater handle up circulation, decompression exploitation, injection gravel, make shallow-layer
Blocky hydrate ore body constantly decomposes until exploitation terminates, and the gravel of injection maintains the steady of stratum instead of hydrate ore body
It is qualitative, achieve the purpose that safety, constantly exploit shallow-layer bulk hydrate.
When specific implementation:
(1) first by ore body meticulous depiction technology determine shallow-layer bulk hydrate buried depth, distribution area, thickness,
Underlie free gas position, extending direction, reservoir permeability and mechanical strength etc., and designs the drilling plan of vertical main borehole accordingly
With well depth structure；Before producing well construction, first lay for monitor blocky hydrate reservoir decomposing state, sweep area,
Layer stability and methane gas overflow the monitoring well of situation；
(2) suction anchor is then placed in seabed mud face or less 12m-15m, 20 " casing and well heads of prefabricated installation in suction anchor
Head is bored after a vertical main borehole successively drills surface deposit, hydrate reservoir and free gas-bearing formation using drilling ship, using continuous
Oil pipe beats multiple branched holes in the main borehole of hydrate reservoir, to increase decomposition of hydrate surface area, and in free gas-bearing formation perforation,
Production casing is installed to free gas-bearing formation, as shown in Figure 1 after well cementation；
(3) the complete well of Georform sand preventing tool is used, establishes the flow channel of free gas-bearing formation and pit shaft, as shown in Figure 2；
(4) in major diameter main hole, a set of high-power electric pump and a set of for hydrate decompression exploitation is installed respectively
For infusing the high head injection pump of surface seawater and gravel pack, high-power electric pump and high head injection pump two systems by cutting automatically
Switch is changed, is used alternatingly in the left and right sides, air-water-sand three phase separator is placed in high-power electric pump front end；
(5) the annular BOP for closing RMR well system suction apparatus starts the lifting device of RMR well system to reduce well
Bottom pressure realizes decompression production, as shown in Fig. 2, decompression is to a certain extent, will move on on the methane gas of decomposition of hydrate generation
The suction apparatus of RMR well system, then by lifting device, in main borehole by hydrocyclone and gas-liquid separator into
The sorting of one step, rises to ground through mud Return Line and enters surface testing flow；
(6) gas after three phase separation is prepared into liquefied natural gas after purified above deck, dry, is stored in first
In natural gas liquefaction device on plate, storage and transportation is carried out in the form of liquefied gas.
(7) when decompression exploitation gas output is reduced, surface layer temperature seawater is injected to hydrate reservoir using production casing, it is static
A period of time carries out heat exchange, so that reservoir hydrate further decomposes；
(8) it is again turned on high head injection pump, extracts borehole fluid decompression, starting decompression mining sequence continues decompression production,
And repeat step (7) and (8)；
(9) when decompression produces to a certain extent, decomposition of hydrate can generate hole near wellbore, according to production gas water yield
The decomposition volume of blocky hydrate is obtained, and the monitoring data of monitoring well is combined to obtain hydrate reservoir deficit situation, passes through height
Pressure injection pump injects gravel into hole, to keep stratum to stablize；
(10) step (5)-(9) are repeated, injection seawater, reinjects gravel at decompression exploitation of drawing water.It moves in circles, carries out table
The warm seawater of layer is handled up, the hydrate of gravel displacement is exploited, and realizes ocean shallow-layer hydrate under the premise of keeping stratum to stablize
Safe and efficient exploitation meets marine eco-environment requirement.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling to the above embodiments, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. handled up based on warm seawater-method of gravel replacement exploitation I class hydrate system, which comprises the following steps:
S1, it is directed to I class hydrate system reservoir, makes a call to a vertical main borehole through hydrate reservoir and free gas-bearing formation, and in Quan Jing
Section perforation is completed；It is depressured simultaneously to hydrate layer and with the free gas that underlies, makes the blocky water of hydrate reservoir lower surface, main borehole
It closes object gradually to decompose, the free gas that underlies is exploited in decompression；
Decompression exploitation underlie free gas when, realized especially by following manner:
(1) determine first the buried depth of each substratum in I class hydrate system, distribution area, thickness, free gas position of underliing,
Extending direction, reservoir permeability and mechanical strength, and the drilling plan and well depth structure of main borehole are designed accordingly；It is applied in producing well
Before work, lays and overflow situation for monitoring blocky hydrate reservoir decomposing state, sweep area, formation stability and methane gas
Monitoring well；
(2) suction anchor is then placed in seabed mud face hereinafter, boring a vertical main borehole using drilling ship successively drills superficial deposit
After object, superficial layer bulk hydrate reservoir, dispersed hydrate reservoir and free gas-bearing formation, full well section well cementation, perforation；
(3) the complete well of sand preventing tool is used, the flow channel of free gas-bearing formation and pit shaft is established；
(4) in main borehole, a set of high-power electric pump for hydrate decompression exploitation and a set of for infusing surface layer is installed respectively
The high head injection pump of seawater and gravel pack, high-power electric pump and high head injection pump two systems are by automatic transfer switch on a left side
Right two sides are used alternatingly, and one air-water-sand three phase separator is arranged in high-power electric pump front end；
(5) the annular BOP for closing RMR well system suction apparatus starts the lifting device of RMR well system to reduce shaft bottom pressure
Power realizes decompression production；
S2, when decompression exploitation gas output reduce when, to hydrate reservoir injection surface layer temperature seawater carry out heat exchange, to reservoir water
It closes object further to decompose, after reservoir pressure recovery, extraction seawater decompression realizes that decompression is adopted with connection is heated；
S3, decompression recovery percent is judged according to gas output, when decomposition of hydrate is generated near wellbore and hydrate reservoir bottom
When hole, gradually covered the deficit by the gravel of the intermittent conveying specific quantity of pipeline；
S4, step S2 and S3 are repeated, is handled up circulation, decompression exploitation, injection gravel by continuous seawater, keeps shallow-layer blocky
I class hydrate system ore body constantly decomposes until exploitation terminates.
2.-the method for gravel replacement exploitation I class hydrate system according to claim 1 of being handled up based on warm seawater, special
Sign is: in the step S1, beating multiple branched holes in the main borehole of hydrate reservoir, the branched hole is along main borehole circumference side
To laying.
3.-the method for gravel replacement exploitation I class hydrate system according to claim 2 of being handled up based on warm seawater, special
Sign is: in the step S2, by high head injection pump inject surface layer temperature seawater carry out heat exchange, promote store hydrate into
After one step is decomposed, it is again turned on high head injection pump, extracts borehole fluid decompression, starting decompression mining sequence continues decompression production,
And repeat the step.
4.-the method for gravel replacement exploitation I class hydrate system according to claim 3 of being handled up based on warm seawater, special
Sign is: in the step S3, obtaining the decomposition volume of blocky hydrate according to gas water yield is produced, and combine the monitoring of monitoring well
Data obtain hydrate reservoir deficit situation, and gravel is injected into hole by high head injection pump.
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| CN201811514174.4A CN109488259B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | It is handled up the method for replacement exploitation I class hydrate system based on warm seawater-gravel |
| JP2019223624A JP6679038B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-12-11 | Mining method of I-type hydrate system based on vomiting displacement of warm seawater and gravel |
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| CN201811514174.4A CN109488259B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | It is handled up the method for replacement exploitation I class hydrate system based on warm seawater-gravel |
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| CN107869331B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2019-04-16 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Aleuritic texture ocean gas hydrate gravel is handled up recovery method and quarrying apparatus |
| CN107795303B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2023-08-08 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Gravel pack simulation system and method in hydrate exploitation well pipe |
| CN108086961A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-29 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of water erosion method exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method of combination heat injection |
| CN108086962B (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2023-04-25 | 吉林大学 | Device and method for exploiting natural gas hydrate of shallow non-diagenetic stratum on seabed based on vacuum depressurization method |
| CN108278103B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-01-31 | 吉林大学 | Argillaceous powder sand mold natural gas hydrate exploitation method based on foam mortar injection technology |
| CN108590594A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-28 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of method and apparatus system to be tapped natural gas using sea surface warm water |
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2018
- 2018-12-12 CN CN201811514174.4A patent/CN109488259B/en active Active
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2019
- 2019-12-11 JP JP2019223624A patent/JP6679038B1/en active Active
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| JP2020094483A (en) | 2020-06-18 |
| JP6679038B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
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