CN114517664B - Sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary pressure reduction exploitation method - Google Patents

Sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary pressure reduction exploitation method Download PDF

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CN114517664B
CN114517664B CN202210166251.1A CN202210166251A CN114517664B CN 114517664 B CN114517664 B CN 114517664B CN 202210166251 A CN202210166251 A CN 202210166251A CN 114517664 B CN114517664 B CN 114517664B
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well
natural gas
exploitation
production
drainage
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CN114517664A (en
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王元
曲莉莉
李一铭
张鹏宇
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0099Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates

Abstract

The invention provides an auxiliary depressurization exploitation method of a sea area hydrate drainage well, which belongs to the field of sea area natural gas hydrate exploitation, wherein a horizontal well is arranged in a natural gas hydrate reservoir to exploit hydrates by adopting a depressurization exploitation method, and meanwhile, a horizontal well is also arranged in a cover layer above the natural gas hydrate reservoir, namely an upper cover layer, and is used as the drainage well; under the condition, the pore water in the upper cover layer and the seawater at the upper part cannot invade into the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum due to the pressure difference between the cover layer and the production well; the problem of water lock caused by water in the overburden layer intruding into the natural gas hydrate reservoir is avoided, and therefore the single-well exploitation efficiency is improved.

Description

Sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary pressure reduction exploitation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sea area natural gas hydrate exploitation, and particularly relates to a sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary pressure reduction exploitation method.
Background
Natural gas hydrate mainly exists at the edge of world marine continents and in high-latitude permafrost zones. The natural gas is also called methane hydrate because the natural gas has the characteristics of high energy density, wide distribution, large scale, shallow burial and the like, and the produced natural gas can meet the requirements of energy, economy, environment, efficiency and the like. Under standard conditions, one cubic meter of methane hydrate decomposes to produce up to 164 cubic meters of methane gas and 0.8 cubic meters of water. The energy density of the methane hydrate is very high, which is 25 times of the energy density of the conventional natural gas, and the combustion value is very high, and almost no residue is generated after combustion, so that the methane hydrate is a novel clean energy which is internationally recognized and has the most commercial development prospect, and is also the most ideal alternative energy of petroleum and natural gas. The method for exploiting the sea natural gas hydrate has the most practical application and is a depressurization exploitation method, the method is that the original pressure of the formation of a hydrate layer is reduced to enable the hydrate in the formation to generate phase change, the hydrate is decomposed into natural gas and water, and then the natural gas and the water are extracted. However, the overburden, i.e. the overburden, above the natural hydrate reservoir in a subsea environment is characterized by high permeability, i.e. the overburden is not closed. When a hydrate layer is mined by a depressurization method, pressure difference is generated between the hydrate layer and an overlying layer due to reduction of pressure of the hydrate layer, the pressure of the overlying layer is higher than that of the hydrate layer, free water in the overlying layer or seawater on the upper part of the overlying layer flows to the hydrate layer, so that water lock damage is caused due to increase of pore water content of the hydrate layer, decomposed gas generated in the depressurization mining process of the hydrate layer cannot be generated from the pores of the stratum, and the mining efficiency is low. When mining engineering is carried out on the sea area natural gas hydrate, the premise that how to prevent pore water in the unclosed cover layer from invading into the hydrate layer is to improve the mining efficiency and ensure the mining safety is the safe and efficient mining of the sea area hydrate. Currently, a method generally proposed for solving the problem is to change an unclosed capping layer into a closed capping layer through reservoir reformation, for example, patent document No. CN111271033A proposes a method for extracting a natural gas hydrate reservoir reformation, which adopts CO2 emulsion to inject an upper capping layer to form CO2 hydrate and changes the unclosed capping layer into a closed capping layer. Patent document No. CN106761589A proposes a modification method of injecting CO2 into an upper cap layer to form CO2 hydrate to cover the upper cap layer of a natural gas hydrate reservoir to make it impermeable. These methods require the realization of a wide range of injection of the injection liquid into the cap layer, resulting in a wide range of capping layer formation, which is difficult to achieve in high pressure subsea environments.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an auxiliary depressurization exploitation method for a sea area hydrate drainage well. When the natural gas hydrate reservoir is subjected to depressurization exploitation, pore water in the upper cladding is pumped out through the drainage well, so that the pore water is prevented from invading the natural gas hydrate reservoir, and the aim of improving the exploitation efficiency is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization exploitation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preliminarily setting the water pumping amount of a water drainage well to be lower than 80% of the total yield of pressure reduction exploitation;
drilling a horizontal well from the sea surface to the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum to serve as a production well, wherein the production well comprises a straight well section, a deflecting section and a horizontal section which are sequentially connected, the straight well section of the production well passes through seawater and a top cover layer and is deflected in the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum to form the deflecting section, and the horizontal section of the production well horizontally extends in the middle of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum;
drilling a horizontal well from the sea surface to the upper cladding to serve as a drainage well, wherein the drainage well comprises a straight well section, a horizontal section and a deflecting section for connecting the straight well section and the horizontal section, the straight well section of the drainage well passes through seawater and forms the deflecting section on the upper cladding, the horizontal section of the drainage well extends in the upper cladding along the horizontal direction, the horizontal section of the drainage well is positioned right above the horizontal section of the exploitation well, the horizontal section of the drainage well is 1-8m away from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir, and the tail end of the drainage well is flush with the tail end of the exploitation well;
fourthly, exploiting the hydrate by adopting a depressurization method until an exploitation well generates gas and water in a stable state;
step five, when the gas production rate of the exploitation well is reduced and the water yield of the exploitation well is increased, pumping water into the drainage well, pumping water out of the drainage well, reducing the pressure difference between the drainage well and the exploitation well until no pressure difference exists between the drainage well and the exploitation well, monitoring the average water yield of the exploitation well in the depressurization exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate reservoir, and keeping the water pumping amount of the drainage well to be 60-80% of the average water yield of the exploitation well;
and step six, when the gas production rate in the production well is lower than 20 cubic meters per day, stopping the water pumping operation of the drainage well at first, and then stopping the depressurization production operation of the production well.
The sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization exploitation method further comprises the following steps before the first step: according to earthquake, well logging and geological data, determining the thickness, hydrate saturation, pore water saturation and permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum in a mining area and the thickness, pore water saturation and permeability of an overburden layer above the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum, and according to the pore water saturation and the hydrate saturation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum, obtaining the upper limit of the water yield of a mining well in the depressurization mining process, namely the sum of the water yield of all decomposed hydrates and the total amount of original pore water in the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum.
Further, in the third step, when the permeability of the upper cladding is higher than 30 millidarcy, the horizontal section of the drainage well keeps a distance of 8m from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum; when the permeability of the upper cladding is lower than 5 millidarcy, the horizontal section of the drainage well is kept 1m away from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir.
And a distance of 5-10m is kept between the straight well section of the drainage well and the straight well section of the production well.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization exploitation method, which is characterized in that a drainage well is arranged in an unclosed cover layer above a natural gas hydrate reservoir layer, and pore water in the cover layer is pumped out through the drainage well in the exploitation process, so that the pressure difference between the drainage well and an exploitation well is reduced until no pressure difference exists between the drainage well and the exploitation well; under the condition, the pore water in the upper cover layer and the seawater at the upper part cannot invade into the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum due to the pressure difference between the cover layer and the production well; the water lock problem caused by the fact that water in the overburden invades the natural gas hydrate reservoir is avoided, and therefore single-well exploitation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method for sea hydrate drainage well assisted depressurization production in an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-seawater; 2-an upper cladding layer; 3-a natural gas hydrate reservoir; 4-producing a well; and 5-a drainage well.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a method for auxiliary depressurization and exploitation of hydrate in sea area by using a sluice well is provided, where the method includes:
according to earthquake, well logging and geological data, the thickness, hydrate saturation, pore water saturation and permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir 3 in an exploitation area and the thickness, pore water saturation and permeability of a cover layer (namely an upper covering layer 2) above the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3 are determined and used as the basis for optimizing process parameters; according to the pore water saturation and the hydrate saturation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, obtaining the upper limit of the water yield of the production well 4 in the depressurization production process, namely the sum of the water yield of all decomposed hydrates and the total amount of the original pore water in the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, and specifically obtaining the upper limit of the water yield of the production well 4 in the depressurization production process as follows: calculating the total amount of decomposed water after the hydrates are completely decomposed according to the saturation of the hydrates, then adding the total amount of original pore water in the reservoir, wherein the sum of the total amount of the decomposed water and the original pore water is the total amount of water which can be produced in the pressure reduction exploitation process, namely the total yield of the pressure reduction exploitation, and taking the value as the upper limit of the water yield of the exploitation well 4 in the pressure reduction exploitation process; in order to avoid that methane generated by hydrate decomposition enters the drainage well 5 due to excessive water pumping amount to cause series flow, the water pumping amount of the drainage well 5 is preliminarily determined to be lower than 80% of the upper limit of the water yield of the exploitation well 4, namely lower than 80% of the total water yield of depressurization exploitation.
Drilling a horizontal well from the sea surface to the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum 3 to serve as a production well 4, wherein the production well 4 comprises a straight well section, a deflecting section and a horizontal section which are sequentially connected, the straight well section of the production well 4 passes through seawater 1 and an upper cover layer 2, the deflecting section is formed in the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum 3 in a deflecting mode, the horizontal section of the production well 4 horizontally extends in the middle of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum 3, the large swept range can be obtained when the pressure reduction production is adopted, and the high production efficiency is obtained;
drilling a horizontal well from the sea surface to the upper cladding 2 to serve as a drainage well 5, wherein the drainage well 5 comprises a straight well section, a horizontal section and a deflecting section for connecting the straight well section and the horizontal section, the straight well section of the drainage well 5 passes through seawater 1, the deflecting section is formed on the upper cladding 2, the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 extends in the horizontal direction in the upper cladding 2, the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 is positioned right above the horizontal section of the exploitation well 4, the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 and the horizontal section of the exploitation well 4 are ensured to be positioned in the same vertical direction, and water in an upper cover layer of an exploitation area of the exploitation well 4 cannot invade the exploitation area through the water pumping operation of the drainage well 5; the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 is 1-8m away from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, when the permeability of the upper cladding layer 2 is higher than 30 millidarcy, the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 needs to keep a distance of 8m away from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, millidarcy is a common unit of permeability, and the symbol is mD, so that decomposed gas generated by the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3 is prevented from entering the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 on the premise of ensuring the normal function of the drainage well 5; when the permeability of the upper cladding 2 is lower than 5 millidarcy, the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 needs to keep a distance of 1m from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir 3, so that the drainage well 5 can normally realize a drainage function, and the drainage function cannot be realized due to the too low permeability of the upper cladding 2; the length of the horizontal section of the drainage well 5 is 5-10m shorter than that of the horizontal section of the exploitation well 4, so that the distance between the straight well section of the drainage well 5 and the straight well section of the exploitation well 4 is kept at 5-10m, and the engineering safety problems of instability of a well wall and the like caused by too short distance between two wells are avoided; the tail end of the drainage well 5 and the tail end of the exploitation well 4 are flush, so that the space consistency of the swept ranges of the two wells is ensured;
fourthly, exploiting the hydrate by adopting a depressurization method until stable gas and water production begins in the exploitation well 4, wherein the exploitation pressure adopts a pressure range commonly used for depressurization exploitation of the hydrate in the field, the exploitation temperature for depressurization exploitation is not required, and the normal temperature in the field is enough;
step five, when the gas production rate of the exploitation well 4 begins to be reduced and the water production rate of the exploitation well 4 rises, pumping water into the drainage well 5, and pumping out the water in the drainage well 5 to reduce the pressure difference between the drainage well 5 and the exploitation well 4 until no pressure difference exists between the drainage well 5 and the exploitation well 4; monitoring the average water yield in the depressurization exploitation process in the water pumping process, selecting the water pumping quantity of the drainage well 5 to be 60-80% of the average water yield of the exploitation well 4, and preventing the hydrate with too large water pumping quantity from decomposing to generate decomposed gas to enter the drainage well 5 to generate channeling;
and step six, when the gas production rate in the production well 4 is lower than 20 cubic meters per day, stopping the water pumping operation of the drainage well 5 at first, and then stopping the depressurization production operation of the production well 4.
Furthermore, the hydrate mining method in the invention can adopt a thermal excitation method or a combination of the two methods of the depressurization mining method and the thermal excitation method besides the depressurization mining method in the implementation of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization exploitation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preliminarily setting the water pumping quantity of a drainage well (5) to be lower than 80% of the total water production quantity of pressure reduction exploitation;
drilling a horizontal well from the sea surface to the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum (3) to serve as a production well (4), wherein the production well (4) comprises a straight well section, a deflecting section and a horizontal section which are sequentially connected, the straight well section of the production well (4) passes through the seawater (1) and the overburden (2) and forms the deflecting section in the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum (3), and the horizontal section of the production well (4) horizontally extends in the middle of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum (3);
drilling a horizontal well from the sea surface to the upper cladding (2) to serve as a drainage well (5), wherein the drainage well (5) comprises a straight well section, a horizontal section and a deflecting section for connecting the straight well section and the horizontal section, the straight well section of the drainage well (5) passes through seawater (1) and is deflected on the upper cladding (2) to form the deflecting section, the horizontal section of the drainage well (5) extends in the upper cladding (2) along the horizontal direction, the horizontal section of the drainage well (5) is positioned right above the horizontal section of the production well (4), and the horizontal section of the drainage well (5) is 1-8m away from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3); the tail end of the drainage well (5) is flush with the tail end of the exploitation well (4);
fourthly, exploiting the hydrate by adopting a depressurization method until the exploitation well (4) generates gas and water in a stable state;
step five, when the gas production rate of the exploitation well (4) is reduced and the water production rate of the exploitation well (4) is increased, performing water pumping operation on the drainage well (5), pumping out water in the drainage well (5), reducing the pressure difference between the drainage well (5) and the exploitation well (4) until no pressure difference exists between the drainage well and the exploitation well, monitoring the average water production rate of the exploitation well (4) in the depressurization exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3) in the water pumping process, and keeping the water pumping rate of the drainage well (5) to be 60-80% of the average water production rate of the exploitation well (4);
and step six, when the gas production rate in the production well (4) is lower than 20 cubic meters per day, firstly stopping the water pumping operation of the drainage well (5), and then stopping the depressurization production operation of the production well (4).
2. The sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the step one, the method further comprises the following steps: according to earthquake, well logging and geological data, the thickness, hydrate saturation, pore water saturation and permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir (3) in a production area and the thickness, pore water saturation and permeability of an upper covering layer (2) above the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3) are determined, and according to the pore water saturation and hydrate saturation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3), the upper limit of water production of a production well (4) in the depressurization production process is obtained, namely the sum of the water production of all decomposed hydrates and the total amount of original pore water in the natural gas hydrate reservoir (3).
3. The sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the third step, when the permeability of the upper cladding (2) is higher than 30 millidarcy, the horizontal section of the drainage well (5) keeps a distance of 8m from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum (3); when the permeability of the upper cladding (2) is lower than 5 millidarcy, the horizontal section of the drainage well (5) keeps a distance of 1m from the upper boundary of the natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum (3).
4. The sea area hydrate drainage well auxiliary depressurization mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a distance of 5-10m is kept between the straight well section of the drainage well (5) and the straight well section of the production well (4).
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CN115306366B (en) * 2022-09-13 2023-04-28 中国石油大学(华东) Efficient yield-increasing exploitation method for natural gas hydrate
CN116658123B (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-11-14 中国石油大学(华东) Method for enhancing hydrate exploitation by self-heating assisted depressurization
CN115929258B (en) * 2023-02-23 2023-05-05 中国石油大学(华东) Methane solubilization assisted depressurization hydrate exploitation method

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US6672391B2 (en) * 2002-04-08 2004-01-06 Abb Offshore Systems, Inc. Subsea well production facility
CN105041271B (en) * 2015-07-29 2017-10-13 大连理工大学 A kind of buck exploiting ocean natural gas hydrates method and sub-sea production systems
CN107575200A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-12 大庆东油睿佳石油科技有限公司 A kind of method of gas hydrates parallel water horizontal well exploitation
CN109252832B (en) * 2018-10-09 2023-10-20 广州海洋地质调查局 Hydrate exploitation method and exploitation device based on reservoir stability
CN109763794B (en) * 2018-12-10 2020-04-24 青岛海洋地质研究所 Sea hydrate multi-branch horizontal well pressure-reducing heating combined mining method
CN112392445B (en) * 2020-11-09 2022-05-17 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 Combined exploitation system and method for hydrate reservoir and conventional oil and gas reservoir
CN112647900B (en) * 2020-12-28 2023-01-17 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Unattended full-automatic hydrate depressurization mining system

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