CN101555797B - Extraction device for undersea gas hydrate and extraction method thereof - Google Patents
Extraction device for undersea gas hydrate and extraction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101555797B CN101555797B CN2009100593218A CN200910059321A CN101555797B CN 101555797 B CN101555797 B CN 101555797B CN 2009100593218 A CN2009100593218 A CN 2009100593218A CN 200910059321 A CN200910059321 A CN 200910059321A CN 101555797 B CN101555797 B CN 101555797B
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 68
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical group CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction device for undersea gas hydrate and an extraction method thereof, which is characterized in that the device is directly communicated with undersea (10) gas hydrate layer (9) through a hollow rigid body (2); or the hollow rigid body is communicated with undersea (10) gas hydrate layer (9) through layers of sand and clay (8) or impermeable bed (11); a water pump(4) and a test and supervisory equipment (5) are provided on one side of the hollow rigid body, the water pump is connected with a drain pipe (3) which is above the sea level (7) through a pipe, the test and supervisory system is connected with an image pickup system and a pressure testing system, and a gas collecting pipe (1) is arranged on the top of the inside of the hollow rigid body. The extraction method comprises the following steps: 1) a hollow rigid body is built on the sea separated with water, and the hollow rigid body is communicated with undersea gas hydrate layer; 2) water in the hollow rigid body is drained out via a water pump to lower the water height in the hollow rigid body and reduce the pressure acting on the gas hydrate layer and the gas hydrate is decomposed into gas and water when the pressure acting on the gas hydrate layer is less than the balance pressure; 3) the decomposed gas escapes upward, is discharged through the gas collecting pipe and is collected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus and exploitation method thereof, belong to the exploitation field of gas hydrates.
Background technology
Gas hydrates (Natural Gas Hydrate is called for short NGH) are made up of natural gas and hydrone, and it mainly is present in the permafrost band and bottom sediment on land, it is a kind of solid matter of mystery, seem to be ice and snow on the macroscopic view, can directly light, " combustible ice " therefore is otherwise known as.Gas hydrates are one of the most promising new and effective clean energy resourcies at present, every cubic metre gas hydrates can discharge 164 cubic metres of methane and 0.8 cubic metre water (Kvenvolden K.A.A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate[J] .Organic Geochemistry, 1995,23:997-1008.), its energy density (methane content under the standard state in the unit volume deposit) is about 10 times of other Non Conventional Energy Sources, is conventional gas and coal and black shale energy density 2～5 times.Found that at present 3000 meters of the depth of waters are with CH in the interior gas hydrates
4The carbon total amount be equivalent to the known coal in the whole world, oil, natural gas total amount two times, about 2.1 * 10
16m
3, can satisfy the energy demand in human 1000, be about residue gas reserves (156 * 10
12m
3) 128 times (SloanE.D.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M] .New York:Marcel Dekker, 1998.), so it is again a kind of rare strategic energy.In traditional energy deficient day by day today, the research and development of gas hydrates have been become the main outlet that the countries in the world that comprise China solve the future source of energy problem.World major country is all in exploration and the research actively developed gas hydrates.China also drilled acquisition gas hydrates sample in 2007 at the South Sea, and become in the world a few obtains one of country of gas hydrates sample in the seabed.
The gas hydrates of having found mainly are present in worldwide ditch basin body system, Lu Po system, marginal basin continental margin, especially in relevant with mud volcano, hot water activity, salt slurry diapir and the large-scale fracture structure deep-sea basin, may also comprise the permafrost area of expansion basin and Arctic.Contain gas hydrates in 96% the area of Atlantic 85%, Pacific 95%, the Indian Ocean, and mainly be distributed under the ocean floor 200～600 meters depth bounds.China has also found a large amount of geophysicses and GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE (the Makogon Y.F. of gas hydrates in zones such as Xisha trough, Dongsha Lu Po, Southwest Taiwan Lu Po, Okinawa trough, the north, the South Sea, Holditch S.A., Makogo T.Y.natural Gas hydrates-A Potential EnergySource for the 21
StCentury.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2007,56 (1-3): 14-31).
Gas hydrates have indicated road in the new forms of energy application facet to us, but because gas hydrates bury in marine rock, compare with oil, natural gas, the difficulty of probing is much bigger, be difficult for exploitation and transportation, also do not have perfect recovery scheme in the world so far.At present just accumulated some conventional exploitation methods, yet these methods all exist some urgent problems.The exploitation of gas hydrates is different from the traditional energy, because hydrate can undergo phase transition in recovery process.Gas hydrates are a kind of metastable state mineral, buried with solid-state form, only be present under the specific temperature and pressure condition, in recovery process, be easy to destroy balancing each other of gas hydrates, impel it to resolve into gas and water, traditional production technique of gas hydrates designs according to this specific character, mainly comprises: heat shock method, decompression method, chemical-agent technique.
Heat shock method: directly the gas hydrates layer is heated, make the temperature of gas hydrates layer surpass its equilibrium temperature, thereby impel gas hydrates to be decomposed into water and gas extraction method (Yousif M.H., Abass H.H., Selim M.S., Sloan E.D.Experimental and theoretical investigation of methane-gas-hydrate dissociation in porousmedia.[J] .SPE ReserVoir Eng, 1991:69-76).Representational heating means have the hot water of injection or steaming process, electromagnetism heating and microwave heating method etc.The shortcoming of this method is that efficiency of utilization is lower, and cost of developing is higher, is not suitable for commercial mining.
Chemical-agent technique: by in the gas hydrates layer, injecting some chemical agent, as salt solution, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol waits and changes the phase balance condition that hydrate forms, reduce the equilibrium temperature of hydrate, impel gas hydrates to decompose (Gayet P., Dicharry C., Marion G., Graciaa A., Lachaise J., Nesterov A.Experimental determination ofmethane hydrate dissociation curve up to 55 MPa by using a small amount of surfactant as hydratepromoter.[J] .Chem.Eng.Sci, 2005,60:5751-5758).This method is slow than the heating effect, but the advantage that reduces initial energy input is arranged, and its maximum shortcoming is that expense is too high, and some chemical agent may cause bigger destruction to environment.
The decompression method: by reducing pressure the stable phase equilibrium line of gas hydrates is moved, thus the exploitation method of impelling gas hydrates to decompose.Generally be by extracting the pressure of the episome natural gas realization reduction hydrate under the hydrate layer, make the hydrate that contacts with natural gas become unstable and be decomposed into natural G﹠W (Ji C., Ahmadi G., Smith D.H.Natural gas production from hydrate decomposition by depressurization.[J] .Chem.Eng.Sci, 2001,56:801-5814).Free gas under the production of water compound layer is a kind of effective ways that reduce reservoir pressure, can reach the purpose of control reservoir pressure in addition by the extraction speed of regulating natural gas, and then reaches the effect of control decomposition of hydrate.The characteristics of this method maximum are not need expensive continuous agitation, thereby might become one of effective ways of large scale mining gas hydrates from now on.But it is very slow that single use decompression method taps natural gas, and is a kind of reduction passive type exploitation.And the character that gas hydrates are hidden layer had special requirement, and to have only to hide to be positioned at the temperature and pressure equilibrium boundary when neighbouring when natural gas hydrate, the decompression method just has economic feasibility.
In above-mentioned gas hydrate mining methods, thermal excitation extraction system, chemical-agent technique and decompression extraction system all have shortcoming separately, be difficult to apply in the middle of the actual exploitation of gas hydrates, therefore the exploitation of gas hydrates Study on new method just seemed particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is a kind of sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus and the exploitation method thereof that propose at the deficiencies in the prior art, be characterized in realizing the exploitation of gas hydrates and the control of exploitation rate by drainage.
Purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical measures:
The sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus directly is communicated with the gas hydrates layer in seabed by hollow rigid body; Perhaps hollow rigid body is communicated with the gas hydrates layer in seabed by silt layer or non-permeable formation, plays sealing and separates seawater; Side in the hollow rigid body is provided with water pump and test monitoring device, and water pump is connected with the draining mouth of pipe on the sea level by conduit, and the test monitoring device is connected with pressure measuring system with camera system, and the gas collection mouth of pipe is established in the interior upper end of hollow rigid body.
Gas hydrates layer or gas hydrates layer are under the silt layer, the bottom of hollow rigid body also need be established rigid body and be expanded arm, and rigid body expansion arm stretches into sets up a hollow rigid body of sealing and extraneous seawater piece-rate system behind the gas hydrates layer under gas hydrates layer or the silt layer.
The exploitation method of sea bed gas hydrate may further comprise the steps:
1) build a hollow rigid body that separates with seawater at sea, natural day hydrate layer of hollow rigid body and seabed is communicated with;
2) reduce level height in the hollow rigid body by water pump draining outside hollow rigid body, the natural day suffered pressure of hydrate layer is reduced, the pressure that is subjected to when natural gas hydrate layer is during less than its equilibrium pressure, and gas hydrates just begin to resolve into natural G﹠W;
3) escape on the natural gas after decomposing, collect the mouth of pipe from gas and discharge, collect, the output speed of natural gas and output realize just that by controlling in the hollow rigid body water surface height of the water surface is controlled by the drainage speed and the size of water pump; The pressure changing of gas hydrates layer detects in real time by the test monitoring device.
Device of the present invention is used for the exploitation of sea bed gas hydrate.The exploitation of the sea bed gas hydrate accumulation regions that also can be used for having higher permeability or be interconnected or have high-voidage or the exploitation of the sea bed gas hydrate reservoir of high osmosis.
The present invention has following advantage:
(1) can effectively realize the exploitation of sea bottom hydrate.
(2) cost of winning is very low.
(3) production technique is simple, and the device therefor technology is very ripe, can very fast realization commercial mining.
(4) control production speed effectively.
(5) only need early investment, after beginning to exploit, follow-up less investment.
(6) energy of Tou Ruing is far smaller than the output energy.
(7) this method is applied widely, and gas hydrates are hidden layer does not have specific (special) requirements.
(8) realized the pollution-free exploitation of sea bed gas hydrate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is one of sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus structural representation
Fig. 2 is two of a sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus structural representation
Fig. 3 is three of a sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus structural representation
1 gas is collected the mouth of pipe, 2 hollow rigid bodies, the 3 draining mouths of pipe, 4 water pumps, 5 test monitoring devices, 6 rigid body arms, 7 sea level, 8 silt layers, 9 gas hydrates layers, 10 seabeds, 11 non-permeable formations.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is carried out concrete description; be necessary to be pointed out that at this present embodiment only further specifies for the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of the invention described above.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, sealing system of the present invention comprises that the rigid body of hollow rigid body 2 and bottom expands arm 6, and expanding arm is that the closed system after building up separates extraneous seawater and rigid body maritime interior waters in the silt layer 8 that stretches on the gas hydrates layer.Cardinal principle of the present invention is to utilize draining to realize to the step-down of gas hydrates layer, and concrete operations are to realize step-down by the draining mouth of pipe 3 drainings of water pump 4 on sea level 7 that are installed in the hollow rigid body.The pressure of gas hydrates layer is dropped to it below equilibrium pressure, make that stable gas hydrates begin to resolve into natural G﹠W originally, the test monitoring device 5 that is installed in the hollow rigid body is monitored in real time, this test monitoring device is connected with pressure measuring system with camera system, can make a video recording and pressure test to the seabed, be convenient to monitor the decomposition situation of gas hydrates.Decomposition gas after gas hydrates decompose escapes under the natural gas gas pressure effect that the gas hydrates cracking produces, and collects the mouth of pipe 1 by gas and collects natural gas.Speed and the big or small height of the water surface and then the speed and the output of control natural gas output controlled by delivery of pump.
As shown in Figure 2, gas hydrates are hidden the situation of non-permeable formation below 11 that be positioned at.Sealing system of the present invention is hollow rigid body 2, and hollow rigid body stretches in the gas hydrates layer 9 under the non-permeable formation 11, and the closed system after building up separates extraneous seawater and hollow rigid body maritime interior waters.Cardinal principle of the present invention is to utilize draining to realize to the hydrate layer step-down, and concrete operations are to realize step-down by the draining mouth of pipe of water pump 4 on sea level 7 that is installed in the hollow rigid body.The pressure of gas hydrates layer is dropped to it below equilibrium pressure, make that stable hydrate begins to resolve into natural G﹠W originally, the test monitoring device 5 that is installed in the hollow rigid body is monitored in real time, this test monitoring device is connected with pressure measuring system with camera system, can make a video recording and pressure test to the seabed, be convenient to monitor the decomposition situation of gas hydrates.Decomposition gas after gas hydrates decompose escapes under the natural gas gas pressure effect that the gas hydrates cracking produces, and collects the mouth of pipe 1 by gas and collects natural gas.Speed and the big or small height of the water surface and then the speed and the output of control natural gas output controlled by delivery of pump.
As shown in Figure 3, sealing system of the present invention comprises that the rigid body of hollow rigid body 2 and bottom expands arm 6, and expanding arm is to stretch in the gas hydrates layer, and the closed system after building up separates extraneous seawater and rigid body maritime interior waters.Cardinal principle of the present invention is to utilize draining to realize to the step-down of gas hydrates layer, and concrete operations are to realize step-down by the draining mouth of pipe 3 drainings of water pump 4 on sea level 7 that are installed in the hollow rigid body.The pressure of gas hydrates layer is dropped to it below equilibrium pressure, make that stable gas hydrates begin to resolve into natural G﹠W originally, the test monitoring device 5 that is installed in the hollow rigid body is monitored in real time, this test monitoring device is connected with pressure measuring system with camera system, can make a video recording and pressure test to the seabed, be convenient to monitor the decomposition situation of gas hydrates.Decomposition gas after gas hydrates decompose escapes under the natural gas gas pressure effect that the gas hydrates cracking produces, and collects the mouth of pipe 1 by gas and collects natural gas.Speed and the big or small height of the water surface and then the speed and the output of control natural gas output controlled by delivery of pump.
Claims (4)
1. a sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus is characterized in that this device directly is communicated with the gas hydrates layer (9) of seabed (10) by hollow rigid body (2); Perhaps hollow rigid body is communicated with the gas hydrates layer in seabed by silt layer (8) or non-permeable formation (11); Be provided with water pump (4) and test monitoring device (5) in the hollow rigid body, water pump is connected with the draining mouth of pipe (3) on sea level (7) by conduit, and the test monitoring device is connected with pressure measuring system with camera system, and the upper end in the hollow rigid body is established gas and collected the mouth of pipe (1).
2. sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described gas hydrates layer is under silt layer (8), the bottom of hollow rigid body (2) also need be established rigid body and be expanded arm (6), and rigid body is set up a hollow rigid body of sealing and extraneous seawater piece-rate system after expanding the gas hydrates layer that arm stretches into silt layer (8).
3. as the exploitation method of sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus as described in one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
1) build a hollow rigid body (2) that separates with seawater at sea, hollow rigid body is communicated with sea bed gas hydrate layer (9);
2) reduce water surface elevation in the hollow rigid body by water pump (4) draining outside hollow rigid body, the suffered pressure of gas hydrates layer is reduced, the pressure that is subjected to when natural gas hydrate layer is during less than its equilibrium pressure, and gas hydrates just begin to resolve into natural G﹠W;
3) escape on the natural gas after decomposing, collect the mouth of pipe (1) from gas and discharge, collect, the output speed of natural gas and output realize just that by controlling in the hollow rigid body water surface height of the water surface is controlled by the drainage speed and the size of water pump (4); The pressure changing of gas hydrates layer detects in real time by test monitoring device (5).
4. sea bed gas hydrate quarrying apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that this device is used for the exploitation of sea bed gas hydrate.
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| CN101555797B true CN101555797B (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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