CN100455769C - Method for extracting hydrate on bottom of sea by deep earth heart water circulation - Google Patents
Method for extracting hydrate on bottom of sea by deep earth heart water circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100455769C CN100455769C CNB2005100453981A CN200510045398A CN100455769C CN 100455769 C CN100455769 C CN 100455769C CN B2005100453981 A CNB2005100453981 A CN B2005100453981A CN 200510045398 A CN200510045398 A CN 200510045398A CN 100455769 C CN100455769 C CN 100455769C
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
Abstract
The present invention provides a method for mining seafloor hydrates, which comprises following steps: at least two wells form an injecting and mining well group, and a horizontal well section or a directional well section is used for connecting a water injecting well and a gas mining well in the hydrate layer; hot formation water of deep part flows upwards, the carried heat is transferred to the hydrates, and the decomposition of the hydrates is processed; the decomposed natural gas flows through a sand prevention device in a horizontal well or a directional well and is mined out; the generated natural gas phase mixed fluid in the gas mining well is pumped into a platform gas water separator to carry out gas water separation, and the pressure of the horizontal well section or the directional well section is reduced; after the separated water is pressurized by a pump, the water is injected back to the geothermy water layer of the deep part through the gas mining well. The present invention uses a heating and pressure reducing method and technology and better overcomes the defects of the existing various methods for mining the seafloor hydrates, and the present invention has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation, scientific property and environmental protection and can be applied to mine the seafloor hydrates on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas hydrate mining methods.
Background technology
Along with the huge consumption of petroleum resources, the human great crises that will face petroleum resources in later stage 21 century.Particularly China is as energy consumption big country, and year crude oil import is above 100,000,000 tons.It is stable that the output of domestic onshore oil gas field keeps reluctantly, and the expert estimates to be difficult to have in a short time important breakthrough again.And gas hydrates are favored by the scientist of countries in the world as a kind of alternative energy source.
Gas hydrates are that natural gas mainly is made up of methane, so be also referred to as methane hydrate by the solid state crystallization body of natural gas and the molecular class ice of moisture shape.Have extremely strong combustion force because of containing a large amount of methane gass, can directly burn, be " combustible ice " so be commonly called as again.The energy density of gas hydrates is very high, calculates 1m according to theory
3The saturated natural gas hydrate under standard conditions, can discharge 164m
3Methane gas, be 10 times of other non-conventional gas source rock (such as coal bed gas, black shale) energy density, be 2～5 times of the conventional gas energy density, be equivalent to the energy of 0.164 ton of oil.In addition, the gas hydrates burning only produces carbon dioxide and water, do not pollute the environment, and be a kind of rare clean energy.
The most important thing is that the reserves of gas hydrates are very abundant.According to the stable condition analysis that gas hydrates exist, the area of land 20.7% and big ocean floor 90% has the advantage that forms gas hydrates, estimates that in view of the above the methane carbon content in the global gas hydrates reaches 10
16Kg or contain 20 * 10
15m
3Methane gas, be equivalent to the twice of conventional fossil fuel total carbon reserves such as the known coal in the whole world, oil and natural gas.
The method of the exploitation of gas hydrates that comprehensive various countries scientist proposes, mainly comprise: (1) heating is that steam, hot water, hot salt brine or other hot fluid are pumped into the gas hydrates reservoir, raises by heat transmission, temperature and impels decomposition of hydrate; (2) voltage drop method is by reducing moving of phase equilibrium line that pressure causes that gas hydrates are stable, thereby reaches the purpose of impelling gas hydrates to decompose; (3) chemical agent method, chemical agents such as salt solution, methyl alcohol, ethanol are pumped into the stratum from wellhole after, can change the phase balance condition that hydrate forms, reduce the hydrate equilibrium temperature, cause the decomposition of gas hydrates.More than various production techniques itself limitation is all arranged, big as the heating heat waste, efficient is low, the voltage drop method exploitation rate is slow, chemical agent method expense costliness etc.Be used for from making of above each method, it is uneconomic only adopting a certain method to come exploitation of gas hydrate, has only advantage in conjunction with distinct methods just can reach cost-effective exploitation to gas hydrates.
At present, various countries are just under test about the research of gas hydrates, also do not reach the stage of commercial exploitation.Up to the present, also there be not a kind of the concrete of exploitation of gas hydrate and effective method of can being used for.The actual still controversial Russian Siberian Mai Suoya field of breathing out of having only of putting into production utilizes the method for step-down and injecting inhibitor to produce 20 years.
In view of above reason, the present invention is on the basis of advantage that takes into full account various gas hydrate mining methods and deficiency, a kind of economy, environmental protection, the process of large scale mining sea bed gas hydrate have efficiently been proposed, for the exploitation of hydrate opens up a new way.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of economy, environmental protection, can be used for the process of large scale mining sea bed gas hydrate efficiently.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
This exploitation method is by two mouthfuls of wells or water filling of many mouthfuls of well constructions and gas production well group, and the centre connects water injection well and gas production reinjection well with net horizontal section or directional well section; Water injection well continues to extend to water temperature at the deep earth heart water layer more than 40 ℃, so that provide the injection water of proper temperature after boring the perhydrate layer; After the gas production reinjection well bores the perhydrate layer, should extend to and the GEOTHERMAL WATER of water injection well deep formation, to realize produced-water reinjection with layer; Be near the permeability of the hydrate layer raising pit shaft, gas recovery well was answered the open flow gas production before notes were adopted, and accelerated decomposition of hydrate, increased near the connectedness of the sand body of pit shaft; Take out deep earth heart is waterborne with the down-hole suction pump, arrive behind the hydrate layer with injection well downhole flow regulator to the hydrate layer water filling; GEOTHERMAL WATER causes the decomposition of hydrate to self-contained heat transferred hydrate, and the natural gas that decomposites flows through the sand control installation extraction, and is trapped in reservoir producing sand; With pump the natural gas miscible fluids is extracted into and carries out gas-water separation on the platform of sea level in the moisture trap; Isolated water is recycled into the deep water layer of gas production reinjection well again after the pump pressurization, avoid environment pollution.
Main points of the present invention are to utilize the geothermal energy of earth formation deep to exploit near the gas hydrates of sea bed.Because the exploitation that gas hydrates are hidden needs lot of energy to make decomposition of hydrate, we utilize water for medium is delivered to hydrate layer to the energy of earth formation deep at imagination, and making decomposition of hydrate is water and natural gas.
The present invention considers that an offshore platform often beats the actual practice of several mouthfuls and even tens mouthfuls wells, has adopted the production model of being made of flooding pattern water injection well and gas production reinjection well.Because the permeability ratio of hydrate layer is lower under the primary condition, therefore need connect water injection well and gas production reinjection well with net horizontal section or directional well section.
The present invention has utilized the decompression method to accelerate the decomposition of hydrate layer hydrate.Before taking out hot-water flooding, first step-down water pumping gas production makes near the decomposition of hydrate of pit shaft; In taking out the hot-water flooding process,, cause the reduction of hydrate layer net horizontal section or directional well section pressure with taking out the natural gas miscible fluids in the suction pump.
The present invention has adopted sand control measure.Because the hydrate layer sand body is shallow, sand body itself is glued poor, after the decomposition of hydrate gluing poorer, so must adopt sand control measure in the hydrate layer gas production, as employing gravel pack, sand control screen technology.Hydrate layer net horizontal section or directional well section be setting of casing not, directly adopts the sand control screen completion.
The present invention makes full use of geothermal energy.GEOTHERMAL WATER passes to hydrate layer to energy, and the water after the separation is recycled into the underground heat water layer again, behind the temperature recovery again by on take out, formed the recycling of GEOTHERMAL WATER, avoided blowdown in the ocean.
Method and technology that method of the present invention adopts heating and step-down to combine have overcome the drawback of existing extracting hydrate on bottom of sea the whole bag of tricks preferably, and equipment is simple, easy to operate, the science environmental protection, can be applied to extracting hydrate on bottom of sea on a large scale.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Device of the present invention comprises with the lower part:
1, down-hole suction pump 2, packer 3, lower packet 4, water filling injection well downhole flow regulator 5, upper packer 6, sleeve pipe 7, water injection pipe 8, pack gravel 9, sand control screen 10, air collecting pipe 11, suction pump 12, moisture trap 13, natural gas output channel 14, produced-water reinjection force (forcing) pump 15, produced-water reinjection pipe 16, upper packer 17, lower packet
As shown in Figure 1, at first utilize the deepwater drilling technology that water injection well is bored the perhydrate layer after, continue to extend to water temperature at the deep earth heart water layer more than 40 ℃; The gas production reinjection well extends to the reservoir identical with the GEOTHERMAL WATER of water injection well after boring the perhydrate layer, with the realization produced-water reinjection, and beats the water horizontal well by the top well section of gas production reinjection well in the middle part of hydrate layer, is used for connecting water injection well and gas production reinjection well.Gas recovery well adopts gravel pack, sand control screen technological measure to carry out sand control at the hydrate interval.
Penetrate the hot water layer that turns up the soil after 6 well cementation of water injection well setting of casing, suction pump 1 taking out on the hot water of deep formation, uses injection well downhole flow regulator 4 to hydrate layer water filling behind the arrival hydrate layer by water injection pipe 7 again under the mounting shaft.Underground heat water layer and hydrate layer are separated with packer 2 and 3.Because the initial permeability of high saturation water compound layer is low, in order to reduce water injection pressure, before taking out hot-water flooding, first step-down water pumping gas production makes near the decomposition of hydrate of pit shaft, improves water injection capacity and effect.
Hot formation water enters after the hydrate layer, and the heat transferred hydrate self-contained causes decomposition of hydrate.Decompose the natural gas flow over packing gravel 8 and sand control screen 9 extraction that produce, and be trapped in reservoir producing sand.The upper packer 5 of water injection well and lower packet 3 have formed an airtight space with the upper packer 16 and the lower packet 17 of gas production reinjection well, have further limited the migration of producing sand.With suction pump 11 the natural gas miscible fluids is extracted into by air collecting pipe 10 and carries out gas-water separation in the moisture trap 12.To cause the pressure of gas recovery well net horizontal section to reduce when pump is taken out the natural gas miscible fluids, and then help the quick decomposition of gas hydrates.Isolated gas enters natural gas output channel 13, and isolated water then is recycled into the deep earth heart water layer again after produced-water reinjection pump 14 pressurization, to avoid the discharging of stratum sewage in the ocean.The water temperature in the geothermal layer flow event that is recycled into the stratum constantly raises, and can be drawn out of once more; By GEOTHERMAL WATER constantly circulation carry heat to hydrate layer heating effectively exploit sea bed gas hydrate.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of exploiting sea bed gas hydrate is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
(1) by two mouthfuls of wells or water filling of many mouthfuls of well constructions and gas production re-injection well group, the centre connects water injection well and gas production reinjection well with net horizontal section or directional well section;
(2) after water injection well bores the perhydrate layer, continue to extend to water temperature at the deep earth heart water layer more than 40 ℃, so that provide the injection water of proper temperature;
(3) after the gas production reinjection well bores the perhydrate layer, continue to extend to and the GEOTHERMAL WATER of water injection well deep formation, to realize produced-water reinjection with layer;
(4) for improving near the permeability of the hydrate layer of pit shaft, the gas production reinjection well carried out the open flow gas production before notes were adopted, and accelerated decomposition of hydrate, increased near the connectedness of the sand body of pit shaft;
(5) take out deep earth heart is waterborne with the down-hole suction pump, arrive behind the hydrate layer with injection well downhole flow regulator to the hydrate layer water filling;
(6) GEOTHERMAL WATER causes the decomposition of hydrate to self-contained heat transferred hydrate, and the natural gas that decomposites flows through the sand control installation extraction, and is trapped in reservoir producing sand;
(7) with pump the natural gas miscible fluids is extracted into and carries out gas-water separation on the platform in the moisture trap;
(8) isolated water is recycled into the deep earth heart water layer of gas production reinjection well again after the pump pressurization, avoids environment pollution.
2, the method for exploitation sea bed gas hydrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the decomposition of hydrate energy needed is provided by GEOTHERMAL WATER.
3, the method for exploitation sea bed gas hydrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: by two mouthfuls or many mouthfuls of water injection wells and gas production reinjection well, and the horizontal well that connects or directional well are formed an injection-production well group.
4, the method for exploitation sea bed gas hydrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: take out the reduction that the natural gas miscible fluids causes hydrate layer net horizontal section or directional well section pressure with pump in the gas production reinjection well.
5, the method for exploitation sea bed gas hydrate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: horizontal well or directional well sand control installation completion that hydrate layer bores, and to keep off at reservoir producing sand effectively.
6, the method for exploitation sea bed gas hydrate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: GEOTHERMAL WATER passes to hydrate layer to energy, and the water after the separation is recycled into the underground heat water layer again, has formed the recycling of GEOTHERMAL WATER, has avoided blowdown in the ocean.
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Cited By (1)
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| FR2992327A1 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2013-12-27 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Producing natural gas from methane hydrates, by taking the heat contained in a first underground zone to heat a fluid to destabilize gas hydrates present in second underground zone, and destabilizing the gas hydrates to release natural gas |
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