CN106833752B - The house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal - Google Patents
The house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN106833752B CN106833752B CN201710056568.9A CN201710056568A CN106833752B CN 106833752 B CN106833752 B CN 106833752B CN 201710056568 A CN201710056568 A CN 201710056568A CN 106833752 B CN106833752 B CN 106833752B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
- C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of house refuses of three-stage technique to cooperate with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal.Pyrolysis chamber, combustion chamber and vaporizer are sequentially connected and constitute three-stage house refuse and cooperate with pyrolysis processing environment with high-alkali coal, feeding system is connected to chamber entrance, the lime-ash recovery port of pyrolysis chamber and vaporizer is equipped with ash collection device, and vaporizer connect with pyrolysis chamber through caisson and communicates；House refuse material is conveyed into pyrolysis chamber by screw(-type) feeder, it dries and carries out Thermal desorption to go out and volatilize on reciprocating fire grate, the pyrolysis gas and tar of volatilization enter combustion chamber, combustion chamber completely burned under enough air, the smoke contacts reaction that high-alkali coal enters gasification chamber central zone and burning generates obtains clean gasification gas and enters caisson.The present invention can be effectively improved in the synthesis gas of traditional life refuse gasification boiler generation the problem of containing a large amount of tar and hydrogen chloride, greatly improve the quality of gasification gas, be conducive to the further utilization of gasification gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of domestic garbage disposer and methods, more particularly, to a kind of life of three-stage technique
Rubbish living cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal.
Background of invention
Garbage disposal is global problem, and a large amount of rubbish not only occupy huge valuable land resource, but also to ecology
Environmental and human health impacts produce huge threat.House refuse is a kind of " resource for having misplaced place " simultaneously, is had very big
Development volue, can turn waste into wealth.China possesses huge domestic waste resource, just there is 1.5 hundred million tons or so every year
Discharge amount is equivalent to 25,000,000 tons or so mark coals, and energy handles utilization rate less than 10%, and recovery energy potentiality are larger.Cause
This, has become the research hotspot of current waste treatment to innoxious, the recycling treatment of house refuse.In numerous rubbish
In disposal technology, thermal treatment technology is concerned because of it in the huge advantage in terms of garbage decrement and recycling.Wherein, gas
Change technology refers to rubbish at higher temperature and certain pressure, with gasifying agent medium (such as air, vapor, carbon dioxide)
Part redox reaction occurs, generates and contains CO, CH4, H2Gaseous mixture process, gasification gas convenient transportation and storage so that rubbish
The utility value of rubbish is greatly improved.Gasify simultaneously and produce gas and can be not only used for combustion power generation, heat supply, can also be used as
The raw material of chemical industry, multipath, comprehensive utilization value are higher relative to the heat treatment technics of burning etc..What gasification occurred
Key reaction is:
C+CO2=2CO △ H=+408kJ/mol
2H2+O2=2H2O △ H=+484kJ/mol
CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O △ H=+892kJ/mol
2CO+O2=2CO2△ H=+566kJ/mol
CO2+O2=2CO △ H=-162kJ/mol
H2O+C=CO+H2△ H=-199kJ/mol
CO+H2O=CO2+H2△ H=-44kJ/mol
But existing unistage type refuse gasification technology there is a problem of three it is main, one is that produce gas calorific value low, at present state
The interior gas heating value using the production of fixed bed gasification technology is in 3-7MJ/m3Compare also very big difference with coal, natural gas etc. in left and right
Away from.Need to store bulk gas maintenance unit operation if if combustible gas is used as power generation, which adds investments and fortune
Capable cost；Second is that tar problem is serious, and tar is easy and ash content, water bond blocking blocking pipeline, to metal material
Equipment and plastic conduit have very strong corrosiveness, and tar content higher position reduces gasification efficiency and gas heating value, are causing to set
Economy is reduced again while standby damage；Third is that component of refuse is considerably complicated, for the traditional energies such as coal, is contained
Have largely be with NaCl with plastics and part that the high chlorine resin of PVC class is main organochlorine source main inorganic chlorine source inorganic salts,
Therefore during refuse gasification, other than sulphur, nitrogen oxides, above-mentioned chlorine source is also resulted in pollutant emission containing a large amount of
HCl, the discharge of hydrogen chloride can directly result in the formation of acid rain, damage to aquatic ecosystem, and hydrogen chloride gas pair
The equipment for gasification ontology of gasification furnace also has very strong corrosiveness, it will greatly shortens the service life of gasification furnace, hydrogen chloride
Or the source that dioxin generates during domestic garbage gasification can generate a certain amount of fly in life refuse high temperature gasification
Ash contains macromolecular carbon, unburnt carbon granules and catalytic specie (mainly transiting state metal), these substance meetings on flying dust
Dioxin is generated by gasification, chlorination and condensation reaction with the hydrogen chloride in flue gas, with stronger half volatile and is held
Long property, causes irreversible deformity, cancer and mutation to organism, causes seriously to pollute to environment.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve to will appear a series of problems in above-mentioned house refuse unistage type gasification, the invention proposes three sections a kind of
The house refuse of formula technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal, to obtain high heating value, tar, dioxin, chlorination
The low gasification gas of hydrogen content.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
One, a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal:
Device includes pyrolysis chamber, combustion chamber and vaporizer and feeding system, ash collection device and caisson, pyrolysis
Room, combustion chamber and vaporizer are sequentially connected and constitute three-stage house refuse and cooperate with pyrolysis processing environment with high-alkali coal, pyrolysis chamber
As first segment, combustion chamber is as second segment, and vaporizer is as third section；Feeding system is connected to chamber entrance, pyrolysis chamber
It is equipped with ash collection device with the lime-ash recovery port of vaporizer, vaporizer connect with pyrolysis chamber through caisson and communicates.
The feeding system includes feed inlet, screw(-type) feeder and driving motor, and feed inlet is arranged in chamber entrance
Side, screw(-type) feeder are installed on pyrolysis chamber's front wall and are located at below feed inlet, and driving motor is connect with screw(-type) feeder, driving electricity
Machine drives screw(-type) feeder operation, and the house refuse being placed in from feed inlet is conveyed into pyrolysis chamber through screw(-type) feeder.
Reciprocating fire grate, the burner for combustion heat release amount and fire grate hydraulic-driven are provided in the pyrolysis chamber
Device, entrance of the reciprocating fire grate entrance side as pyrolysis chamber, reciprocating fire grate outlet side upper end is connect with combustion chamber to be communicated, and
It is slag notch in reciprocating fire grate outlet side lower end, ash collection device is set below slag notch, and reciprocating fire grate connects fire grate
Fluid pressure drive device is moved back and forth by the fire grate segment of fire grate fluid pressure drive device driving reciprocating fire grate；Burner is located at
Above reciprocating fire grate, the pyrolysis chamber below reciprocating fire grate is equipped with the primary air nozzle communicated with caisson outlet connection.
The combustion chamber includes pressure fan and secondary blast mouth, and combustion chamber is in inverse u shape structure, and inverse u shape is located at it
The entrance side of interlude is equipped with secondary blast mouth, and pressure fan is connected to secondary blast mouth and is sent into air.
The vaporizer includes coal distributor, coal store, revolving grate, syngas outlet and ash-storing bin, vaporizer
Bottom is equipped with revolving grate and ash-storing bin, and revolving grate is located above ash-storing bin, is equipped with coal store and coal at the top of vaporizer
Distributor, coal distributor are located at below coal store, and high-alkali coal is placed in coal store, and the top sidewall of vaporizer is equipped with and gas storage
Device portal connects the syngas outlet communicated.
The caisson includes air accumulator, partial pressure distribution pipeline and pressure reducing valve, the conjunction of air accumulator entrance and vaporizer
It is communicated at gas outlet connection, air accumulator divides distribution pipeline and the pyrolysis chamber through pressure reducing valve and partial pressure distribution piping connection
Primary air nozzle connection communicates.
It can be with by three-stage house refuse and the design for cooperateing with second segment combustion chamber in pyrolysis gasifying device of high-alkali coal
Burn the tar that most of domestic garbage pyrolysis generates, and alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth oxide in high-alkali coal
It is all a kind of preferable catalytic cracking of tar catalyst of effect.It can not fired completely with catalytic pyrolysis in second segment under the high temperature conditions
The tar of burning, therefore available more clean and high heating value gasification gas.
Two, a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal:
1) the house refuse material being placed in from feed inlet, driving motor drive screw(-type) feeder operation, house refuse material
Pyrolysis chamber is conveyed by screw(-type) feeder；
2) the house refuse material for being conveyed into pyrolysis chamber is equably fallen on reciprocating fire grate, by fire grate fluid pressure drive device
Driving carries out the reciprocating motion of fire grate segment, is heated by burner combustion, and house refuse raw material is dried simultaneously on reciprocating fire grate
It carries out pyrolysis precipitation and volatilization, the pyrolysis gas and tar of volatilization enters combustion chamber, the residue for being pyrolyzed precipitation is discharged to from slag notch
In ash collection device；
3) pyrolysis gas and tar come from pyrolysis chamber's conveying enters combustion chamber, has carried out in the case where pressure fan is sent into enough air
Full burning, subsequently into vaporizer；
4) block-like high-alkali coal enters from vaporizer top, and generated by gasification chamber central zone and combustion chambers burn
Smoke contacts mutually react, and obtain clean gasification gas；
5) enter caisson from the clean gasification gas that vaporizer exports.
A part gasification gas of the caisson is allocated by decompression valve regulation via partial pressure distribution pipeline, is passed through
Primary air nozzle is delivered in pyrolysis chamber, releases house refuse in the completely burned under furnace igniting acts on that opens of the burner of pyrolysis chamber
Required heat is pyrolyzed in pyrolysis chamber, the heat needed in the pyrolytic process of pyrolysis chamber to provide house refuse raw material,
Another part gasification gas is delivered to external gasification gas purification system.
The step 4) specifically:
4.1) block-like high-alkali coal enters coal store by lock bucket from vaporizer top, is moved downward to further along gasification furnace
Dump skip falls into coal distributor, after coal distributor is evenly spread out blocky high-alkali coal by rotation driving and high-alkali coal is pushed to fall
Enter in vaporizer；
4.2) high-alkali coal successively falls on rotation after dry section, pyrolysis zone, reducing zone and the zoneofoxidation of the chamber central zone that gasifies
On converter is combed, and heap height is formed above revolving grate；
4.3) gasifying agent of the flue gas that combustion chambers burn generates as vaporizer, enters revolving grate from vaporizer bottom end
Lower section, flue gas flow up and with blocky high-alkali coal falling direction on the contrary, making blocky high-alkali coal upward in dropping process
The flue gas drying of flowing；
4.4) coal tar formed by dry section and pyrolysis zone under the hot conditions of reducing zone with the flue gas as gasifying agent
The clean gasification gas generated after gasification reaction occurs, the clean gas that gasifies is discharged from syngas outlet；The incomplete coal of gasification reaction
Burnt then burn in zoneofoxidation generates ashes, and ashes are fallen into ash-storing bin through revolving grate, finally drops into ash collection device.
The present invention, which uses, is rich in alkali metal oxide (mainly Na2O and K2O) and alkaline earth oxide (mainly CaO,
Ca(OH)2And CaCO3) high-alkali coal, high-alkali coal is a kind of efficient acid gas absorbent as calcium-base absorbing agent, to flue gas
In hydrogen chloride gas adsorption efficiency up to 95% or more, the key reaction occurred in adsorption process is:
CaCO3+HCl→CaCl2+H2O+CO2
CaO+2HCl→CaCl2+H2O
CaCO3→CaO+CO2
Ca(OH)2+HCl→CaCl2+H2O
Ca(OH)2→CaO+H2O
Therefore three-stage house refuse and high-alkali coal cooperate with the pyrolytic gasification can be effectively improved tradition singly through the invention
Contain the defect of a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas in the synthesis gas that segmentation Domestic garbage gasification furnace comes out, while inhibiting and controlling chlorine source
Supply, to reduce the dioxins concentration in flue gas.
The clean gasification gas composition being discharged from syngas outlet are as follows: H240%, CO 35%, CH410%, N2
10%, CO25%, temperature is within the scope of 500~600 DEG C.
Contain a large amount of inorganic chlorine and organochlorine in house refuse, it is most of in gasification to be all converted into HCl,
Therefore traditional life refuse gasification will lead in gasification gas containing a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas, to limit the further benefit of synthesis gas
With, and utilize be rich in alkaline earth oxide (mainly carbonoxide, calcium hydroxide, carbonic acid in high-alkali coal by the method for the invention
Calcium) the characteristics of, they are a kind of splendid chlorination hydrogen-absorbing materials, and pilot run shows the alkaline earth oxide of high-alkali coal tar
Adsorption efficiency can be effectively improved in the synthesis gas that traditional unistage type Domestic garbage gasification furnace comes out and contain up to 95% or more
There is the defect of a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas.Meanwhile hydrogen chloride is the one source of them that dioxin generates in domestic garbage gasification,
As the offer in chlorine source, can in gasification with the macromolecular carbon particle in flying dust, unburnt carbon granules and catalytic materials
Chlorination occurs for matter (mainly transiting state metal) and condensation reaction generates dioxin.Therefore high-alkali coal tar is by the chlorination in flue gas
Hydrogen absorption generates stable calcium chloride, can effectively reduce the content of dioxin in flue gas.
It there is also a large amount of tar during domestic garbage gasification, so that the gas quality that gasifies is influenced, and it is raw by three-stage
Rubbish living cooperates with the process of pyrolytic gasification, the tar that house refuse raw material generates in first segment pyrolytic process with high-alkali coal
It can be fully burned in second segment combustion chamber, and be placed on third section and gasify indoor high-alkali coal rich in alkali metal oxide
(mainly Na2O and K2It O) and alkaline earth oxide (mainly GaO and MgO), is a kind of efficient coke tar cracking catalysis
Agent, thus the tar that second segment combustion chamber does not obtain completely burned can also be in third section vaporizer in alkali metal and alkaline earth
By catalytic pyrolysis at light hydrocarbon under the catalytic action of metal oxide.
Existing domestic garbage gasification technology is there is also the low problem of gas calorific value is produced, and the country uses fixed bed gasification skill at present
The flow rate of art production is in 3-7MJ/Nm3The 35.91MJ/Nm of left and right and natural gas3Compared to also there is a big difference.And pass through
Three-stage house refuse cooperates with the process of pyrolytic gasification with high-alkali coal, due to being provided with second segment combustion chamber, and increases
House refuse can be delivered to the in the volatile matter that first segment pyrolysis generates by its process with being converted into gasifying agent stable and uniform
Three sections of vaporizers, and the high-alkali coal tar in uniflow gas stove rich in alkali and alkaline earth metal ions oxide can be adsorbed effectively
The HCl that inorganic chlorine and organochlorine thermal transition are formed in house refuse raw material, and the unburned burning-out in catalytic pyrolysis second segment combustion chamber
Full tar, so as to be effectively improved the etching problem of equipment for gasification, and available more clean synthesis gas, greatly
Ground improves the calorific value of gasification gas.The present invention is by implementing experiments have shown that cooperateing with pyrolysis with high-alkali coal using three-stage house refuse
Gasification process can make the calorific value of gasification gas be basically stable at 13.13-15.92MJ/Nm3。
The present invention has following technical characterstic:
In treatment process of the present invention, the tar that house refuse generates in first segment pyrolytic process can be in second segment combustion chamber
Completely burned, the unburned complete tar of second segment are rich in the coal of alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth oxide by third section
Burnt available efficient catalytic pyrolysis.
Contain a large amount of inorganic chlorines and organochlorine in house refuse, the most of chlorine for the treatment of process of the present invention is in first segment warm
It is converted into HCl in solution preocess, and can not also be decomposed under the combustion conditions of second segment, but can be by being placed on third section
Gasification section removes 95% or more HCl, to obtain pure rich under the coal tar suction-operated of alkaline earth oxide CaO
Gasify gas.
The present invention is in third section using quasi- eastern coal is placed, and quasi- east coal is a kind of high-alkali coal rich in alkali metal, and alkali metal
Carbonate, oxide, hydroxide and chloride the reactivity of coal tar can be greatly improved, catalysis is fired completely through second segment
The gasification reaction of gas and third section coal tar after burning.
For synthesis, the present invention can be effectively improved in the synthesis gas of traditional life refuse gasification boiler generation containing a large amount of burnt
The problem of oil and hydrogen chloride, greatly improves the quality of gasification gas, is conducive to the further utilization of gasification gas.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure: feeding system 1, pyrolysis chamber 2, combustion chamber 3, vaporizer 4, ash collection device 5, caisson 6, feed inlet
7, screw(-type) feeder 8, driving motor 9, reciprocating fire grate 10, slag notch 11, burner 12, primary air nozzle 13, the hydraulic drive of fire grate
Dynamic device 14, pressure fan 15, secondary blast mouth 16,17 coal store 18 of coal distributor, revolving grate 19, syngas outlet 20, storage
Ash cellar 21, air accumulator 22 divide distribution pipeline 23, pressure reducing valve 24.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, specific implementation of the invention is to include pyrolysis chamber 2, combustion chamber 3 and vaporizer 4 and feeding system
1, ash collection device 5 and caisson 6, pyrolysis chamber 2, combustion chamber 3 and vaporizer 4 are sequentially connected and constitute three-stage life rubbish
Rubbish cooperates with pyrolysis processing environment with high-alkali coal, and pyrolysis chamber 2 is used as first segment, and combustion chamber 3 is used as second segment, and vaporizer 4 is as the
Three sections；Feeding system 1 is connected to 2 entrance of pyrolysis chamber, and the lime-ash recovery port of pyrolysis chamber 2 and vaporizer 4 is equipped with ash collection dress
5 are set, vaporizer 4 connect with pyrolysis chamber 2 through caisson 6 and communicates.
Feeding system 1 is mainly made of feed inlet 7, screw(-type) feeder 8 and driving motor 9.Feed inlet 7 is installed on pyrolysis chamber
2 front side, convenient for charging, screw(-type) feeder 8 is installed on 7 lower section of 2 front wall of pyrolysis chamber and feed inlet, and close with feed inlet 7
Connection, is dried and volatilizees to guarantee that house refuse material can be delivered to stable and uniform in first segment pyrolysis chamber 2
Analyze the stage.
Pyrolysis chamber 2 is mainly by reciprocating fire grate 10, slag notch 11, burner 12, primary air nozzle 13 and fire grate hydraulic-driven
Device 14 is constituted, and is equably fallen on reciprocating fire grate 10 by the house refuse material that screw(-type) feeder 8 is delivered to pyrolysis chamber 2,
And the reciprocating motion of fire grate segment is carried out by the driving of fire grate fluid pressure drive device 14 using hydraulic-driven, third section vaporizer 4 goes out
A part gasification gas come is sent into pyrolysis chamber 2 by being mounted on the primary air nozzle 13 of 10 lower section of reciprocating fire grate, and is being burnt
The furnace igniting that opens of device 12 acts on heat needed for lower completely burned releases domestic garbage pyrolysis.House refuse raw material exists as a result,
It is dry above reciprocating fire grate 10, and the volatile matter for being pyrolyzed precipitation completely enters in second segment combustion chamber 3, slag notch 11 is located at heat
2 end Hou Qiang of room is solved, residue of the biologic garbage raw material after first segment is pyrolyzed completely is discharged by the slag notch 11.To guarantee
The continuous and steady operation of house refuse raw material first segment pyrolytic process.
Combustion chamber 3 is mainly made of pressure fan 15 and secondary blast mouth 16, and combustion chamber 3 is overall to be distributed in inverse u shape, thus
Flue process is increased, pressure fan 15 is arranged in 3 front wall side of combustion chamber, is connected to by pipeline and is installed on 3 front wall of combustion chamber
Secondary blast mouth 16, pressure fan 15 is sent into enough air to combustion chamber 3 by secondary blast mouth 16, so that by first segment pyrolysis chamber
2 pyrolysis gas come out and tar can substantially completely burn to second segment combustion chamber 3.
Vaporizer 4 is mainly by 17 coal store 18 of coal distributor, revolving grate 19, syngas outlet 20 and 21 groups of ash-storing bin
At.Vaporizer 4 is mainly using a set of uniflow gas stove, and block-like high-alkali coal storage is set in coal store 18, coal store 18
It is then mounted on the top of vaporizer 4, a certain size high-alkali coal cinder enters coal store 18 along gasification furnace to moving down by lock bucket
It moves to dump skip and falls into coal distributor 17, coal distributor 17 is installed on 18 lower section of coal store, by rotation driving so that blocky high
After alkali coal is evenly spread out, the high-alkali coal of bulk fallen into gasification furnace successively passes through dry section, pyrolysis zone, reducing zone and oxidation
Area is supported by revolving grate 19, and certain heap height is formed above revolving grate 19, and revolving grate 19 is mounted under gasification furnace
Side, the flue gas main component generated through second segment combustion chambers burn is CO2And vapor and a small amount of oxygen are as third section
The gasifying agent of vaporizer 4 enters below revolving grate 19, with blocky high-alkali coal flow direction on the contrary, blocky high-alkali coal is falling
The flue gas drying flowed up in the process.The high-alkali coal tar formed by dry section and pyrolysis zone is under the hot conditions of reducing zone
A series of clean gasification gas generated after gasification reactions occurs with gasifying agent to be discharged from syngas outlet 20, syngas outlet 20 is pacified
On 17 side of coal distributor gasification furnace wall, the gasification gas composition of discharge is basic are as follows: H240%, CO 35%, CH410%,
N210%, CO25%, temperature is probably within the scope of 500~600 DEG C.It is being aoxidized by the unvaporized complete coal tar of gasification zone
Area burning generate ashes, through revolving grate 19 fall into Hui Zha drain into be mounted on gasification furnace bottom ash-storing bin 21.To guarantee
The continuous and steady operation of third section vaporizer 4.
Caisson 6 divides distribution pipeline 23 and pressure reducing valve 24 is constituted, air accumulator 22 and third section mainly by air accumulator 22
Syngas outlet 20 in vaporizer 4 is connected, the clean synthesis gas that storage third section uniflow gas stove comes out, wherein there is one
Divide synthesis gas to be delivered in first segment pyrolysis chamber 2 by the adjusting of pressure reducing valve 24 from partial pressure distribution pipeline 23, house refuse is provided
The heat that raw material needs in first segment pyrolytic process.Another part is then fed directly to gasification gas purification system, to protect
The stable circulation operation of entire three-stage system is demonstrate,proved.
It can be seen that the present invention uses three-stage composite construction, house refuse is delivered to first segment heat by screw(-type) feeder
It solves on indoor reciprocal grate, a part of synthesis gas completely burned that origin of heat needed for being pyrolyzed comes out in third section vaporizer
It releases, the volatile matter generated after pyrolysis completely is supplied by the air of second segment burning indoor blower so that most
Pyrolysis gas and tar all burn completely.The one of blocky high-alkali coal is formd below the uniflow gas stove that third section uses on fire grate
Determine heap height and guarantee enough gasification residence times, the combustion product of collaborative SCM second segment is generated with H2With the gasification based on CO
Gas, while the characteristics of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions are rich in high-alkali coal is utilized, HCl can be effectively reduced in flue gas emission
Content, HCl removal efficiency reach 95% or more, play the role of chlorine in fixed gasification gas, have also cut off the supply in chlorine source, so
The discharge of dioxin in flue gas can be effectively reduced, while the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions oxide in high-alkali coal is all a kind of high
The catalytic cracking of tar catalyst of effect, can effective catalytic pyrolysis tar not completely burned off in second segment combustion chamber.Lab scale is real
It tests the result shows that tar content is 73mg/m in the gasification gas that third section vaporizer comes out3, met and be directly entered internal combustion engine
Air intake standard (the 100mg/m of combustion power generation3)。
Claims (5)
1. a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, it is characterised in that:
Including pyrolysis chamber (2), combustion chamber (3) and vaporizer (4) and feeding system (1), ash collection device (5) and gas storage dress
It sets (6), pyrolysis chamber (2), combustion chamber (3) and vaporizer (4) are sequentially connected and constitute three-stage house refuse and cooperate with high-alkali coal
Pyrolysis processing environment, feeding system (1) are connected to pyrolysis chamber (2) entrance, the lime-ash recovery port of pyrolysis chamber (2) and vaporizer (4)
It is equipped with ash collection device (5), vaporizer (4) connect with pyrolysis chamber (2) through caisson (6) and communicates；
The feeding system (1) includes feed inlet (7), screw(-type) feeder (8) and driving motor (9), and feed inlet (7) setting exists
Pyrolysis chamber (2) entrance side, screw(-type) feeder (8) are installed on pyrolysis chamber's (2) front wall and are located at below feed inlet (7), driving motor
(9) it is connect with screw(-type) feeder (8), driving motor (9) drives screw(-type) feeder (8) operation, the life being placed in from feed inlet (7)
Rubbish is conveyed into pyrolysis chamber (2) through screw(-type) feeder (8)；
Reciprocating fire grate (10), burner (12) and fire grate for combustion heat release amount are provided in the pyrolysis chamber (2)
Fluid pressure drive device (14), entrance of reciprocating fire grate (10) entrance side as pyrolysis chamber (2), reciprocating fire grate (10) outlet side
Upper end connect with combustion chamber (3) and communicates, and is slag notch (11) in reciprocating fire grate (10) outlet side lower end, under slag notch (11)
Side's setting ash collection device (5), reciprocating fire grate (10) connect fire grate fluid pressure drive device (14), are filled by fire grate hydraulic-driven
The fire grate segment for setting (14) driving reciprocating fire grate (10) moves back and forth；Burner (12) is located on reciprocating fire grate (10)
Square, the pyrolysis chamber (2) below reciprocating fire grate (10) is equipped with the primary air nozzle (13) communicated with caisson (6) outlet connection；
The combustion chamber (3) includes pressure fan (15) and secondary blast mouth (16), and combustion chamber (3) are in inverse u shape structure,
The entrance side that U-typed is located therein section is equipped with secondary blast mouth (16), and pressure fan (15) is connected to secondary blast mouth (16) and send
Enter air；
The vaporizer (4) include coal distributor (17), coal store (18), revolving grate (19), syngas outlet (20) and
The bottom of ash-storing bin (21), vaporizer (4) is equipped with revolving grate (19) and ash-storing bin (21), and revolving grate (19) is located at ash-storing bin
(21) above, coal store (18) and coal distributor (17) are installed at the top of vaporizer (4), coal distributor (17) is located at coal store
(18) lower section, high-alkali coal are placed in coal store (18), and eastern coal, the top sidewall of vaporizer (4) are set subject to the high-alkali coal
Have and connect the syngas outlet (20) communicated with caisson (6) entrance；
The caisson (6) includes that air accumulator (22), partial pressure distribution pipeline (23) and pressure reducing valve (24), air accumulator (22) enter
The connection of the syngas outlet (20) of mouth and vaporizer (4) communicates, and air accumulator (22) is through pressure reducing valve (24) and partial pressure distribution pipeline
(23) it connects, primary air nozzle (13) connection of partial pressure distribution pipeline (23) and the pyrolysis chamber (2) communicates.
2. the house refuse for being applied to a kind of three-stage technique of claim 1 described device cooperates with pyrolytic gasification side with high-alkali coal
Method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) it is placed in house refuse material from feed inlet (7), driving motor (9) drives screw(-type) feeder (8) operation, house refuse object
Material is conveyed into pyrolysis chamber (2) by screw(-type) feeder (8)；
2) the house refuse material for being conveyed into pyrolysis chamber (2) is equably fallen on reciprocating fire grate (10), by fire grate hydraulic-driven
Device (14) driving carries out the reciprocating motion of fire grate segment, and by burner (12) combustion heating, house refuse raw material is reciprocating
It dries and carries out Thermal desorption to go out and volatilize on fire grate (10), the pyrolysis gas and tar of volatilization enter combustion chamber (3), be pyrolyzed precipitation
Residue is discharged in ash collection device (5) from slag notch (11)；
3) pyrolysis gas and tar come from pyrolysis chamber (2) conveying enters combustion chamber (3), in the case where pressure fan (15) are sent into enough air
Completely burned is carried out, the flue gas after burning enters vaporizer (4)；
4) block-like high-alkali coal enters from vaporizer (4) top, eastern coal subject to the high-alkali coal, and by vaporizer (4)
The smoke contacts that heart district domain and combustion chambers burn generate react, and obtain clean gasification gas；
5) enter caisson (6) from the clean gasification gas that vaporizer (4) export.
3. a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique according to claim 2 cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal,
Be characterized in that: a part gasification gas of the caisson (6) is adjusted by pressure reducing valve (24) via partial pressure distribution pipeline
(23) it is allocated, is delivered in pyrolysis chamber (2) through primary air nozzle (13), the burner (12) in pyrolysis chamber (2) opens furnace point
Completely burned releases house refuse heat needed for pyrolysis in pyrolysis chamber (2) under fire action, to provide house refuse original
Expect that the heat needed in the pyrolytic process of pyrolysis chamber, another part gasification gas are delivered to external gasification gas purification system.
4. a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique according to claim 2 cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal,
It is characterized in that: the step 4) specifically:
4.1) block-like high-alkali coal enters coal store (18) by lock bucket from vaporizer (4) top, further along gasification furnace to moving down
Move to dump skip and fall into coal distributor (17), coal distributor (17) blocky high-alkali coal is evenly spread out by rotation driving after simultaneously
High-alkali coal is pushed to fall into vaporizer (4)；
4.2) high-alkali coal successively falls on rotation after the dry section of vaporizer (4) central area, pyrolysis zone, reducing zone and zoneofoxidation
On fire grate (19), and heap height is formed above revolving grate (19)；
4.3) gasifying agent of the flue gas that combustion chambers burn generates as vaporizer (4), enters revolving burner from vaporizer (4) bottom end
It combs below (19), flue gas flows up and with blocky high-alkali coal falling direction on the contrary, making blocky high-alkali coal in dropping process
The flue gas drying flowed up；
4.4) coal tar formed by dry section and pyrolysis zone occurs under the hot conditions of reducing zone with the flue gas as gasifying agent
The clean gasification gas generated after gasification reaction, the clean gas that gasifies are discharged from syngas outlet (20)；The incomplete coal of gasification reaction
Burnt then burn in zoneofoxidation generates ashes, and ashes are fallen into ash-storing bin (21) through revolving grate (19), finally drops into lime-ash
Collection device (5).
5. a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique according to claim 2 cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal,
It is characterized in that: the clean gasification gas composition being discharged from syngas outlet (20) are as follows: H240%, CO 35%, CH410%,
N210%, CO25%, temperature is within the scope of 500~600 DEG C.
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| CN107191937B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2018-12-18 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of external-heat pyrolysis combustion integrative device and method |
| CN107388249B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2018-12-18 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of continous way organic matter pyrolysis burner and method |
| CN113587107A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-02 | 泰安圣智环境技术有限公司 | Household garbage pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method |
| CN113685817B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-08-25 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 | Three-section type garbage incineration system and method |
| CN116554931B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2024-02-09 | 中鹏未来有限公司 | Domestic garbage carbonization gasification hydrogen production process |
| CN117106489B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-02-20 | 西子清洁能源装备制造股份有限公司 | Device and method for producing synthetic gas by three-stage pyrolysis and gasification of organic solid waste |
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